ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Accordance of Mammographic, Sonographic & Histopathologic Findings in Under 50 years old women with Breast Cancer
Cancer Research Center - Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer and second cause of death due to cancer in women. According to middle age affection (40-49 years old) and advanced cases in Iranian women, early diagnosis and detection of exact tumor size is very important to select the plan of treatment. Materials and Methods In this survey, files of 370 breast cancer patients from 2007 to 2010 were studied. Only 60 patients with sufficient information were selected. Questionnaires based on patient mammography, ultrasound and pathology findings were completed. SPSS Software was used for statistical analysis. Result The mean age of patients in this survey was 40 ±1/60 years old. Overall 16% of patients had normal mammography, 70% of them were in stage III & IV to ACR-Density classification (American College of Radiology). Mean area on lesion in mammography finding was 1042.96±1 031 mm2, sonogarphy 541.772±498 mm2 and pathology 1493.75±1617 mm2. Significant correlation (Pvalue=0/02) was seen between mammographic and metastasis tumor size. Significant correlation (Pvalue<0/001, r=0/62) was seen between mammographic and histopathologic tumor size. Conclusion Sonography is a more reliable diagnostic method in detection of lesions in patients who have high density (Stage III& IV) in mammography. Although, the average area of the lesion in mammography and ultrasound was less than pathology, it is more accurate compared to ultrasound mammography in determining tumor size before surgery. A broader study with more sample size compared to newer diagnostic techniques like MRI is recommended in determining the exact size of the tumor before surgery.
https://mjms.mums.ac.ir/article_5311_a2a842da508b294a09cbf30d6bd94fd8.pdf
2011-12-22
195
200
10.22038/mjms.2011.5311
Breast Cancer
Histopathology
Mammography
Sonography
Donia
Farrokh
farrokhd@mums.ac.ir
1
Associated professor of Radiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Azita
Azarian
2
Associated professor of Radiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Fateme
Homaei Shandiz
3
Associated professor of Radiation Oncology,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Narjes Sadat
Yaghoobi
yagoobins@yahoo.com
4
Assistant of Radiology,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Khaje Daluee
5
Associated professor of Epidemiology,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1- Shafiee S, Bayati A, Rafii M, Kalantari M. Evaluation of the results matched the findings of clinical examination and
1
mammography in detecting breast cancer. Iran J Surg 1386; 15:3.
2
2- Harrirchi I , Karbakhsh M ,Kashedi A ,Momtahen Aj .Breast cancer in Iran : result of a multi-center study . Asian Pac
3
J Cancer Prev 2004; 5:24–27 .
4
3- Mousavi SM , Montazeri A , Mohagheghi MA , Harrirchi N, et al. Breast cancer in Iran : an epidemiological review.
5
Breast J 2007; 13:383-391.
6
4- Hayes D. Atlas of breast disease. Translated by Nasseri SJ. Tehran: Nazareth; 2003.
7
5-Berg WA, Gutierrez L, Nessavier MS, Carter WB, Bhargavan M, Lewis RS, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of
8
mammography, clinical examination, US,and Imaging in preperative assessment of breas cancer. Radiolojy 2004;
9
223:830-849.
10
6- Dummin LJ, Com M, Plant L. Prediction of breast tumor size by mammography and sonography – A breast screen
11
emperience . Breast 2007; 16:38-46.
12
7- Heusinger K, Lhbery C , Lux MP , Papadopoulos T , Imhoff K , Schulz – Wendtland R, et al . Assesment of breast
13
Cancer Size Depends on method, histopathology and tumor size itself . Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 94:7-23.
14
8- Shoma A, Moutamed A, Ameen M, Abdelwahab A, Ultrasound for accurate measurement for invasive breast cancer
15
tumor size. Breast J 2006; 12:252-256.
16
9- Fornvik D, Zackrisson S, Ljungberg O, Svahn T, Timberg P, Tingberg A, et al. Breast tomosynthesis: Accuracy of
17
tumor measurement compared with digital mammography and ultrasonography. Acta Radiol 2010; 51:240-247.
18
همکاران و احمدنیا حسن 10-Siqueira FM, Rezende CA, Barra Ade A.Correlation between clinical examination, mammography and
19
ultrasonography with histopathological exam in the determination of tumor size in breast cancer. Rev Bras Ginecol
20
Obstet 2008; 30:107-112.
21
11- Tot T, Gere M. Radiological – pathological correlation in diagnostic breast carcinoma: The role of pathology in the
22
multimodality era. Pathol Oncol Res 2008; 14:173-178.
23
12- Kald BA, Boiesen P , Ronnow K, Jonsoon PE, Bisgaard T. Preoperative assessment of small tumours in women
24
with breast cancer. Scand J Surg 2005; 94:15-20.
25
13- Heusinger K, Lhbery C , Lux MP , Papadopoulos T , Imhoff K , Schulz – Wendtland R, et al . Assesment of breast
26
Cancer Size deDepends on method, histopathology and tumor size itself. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 94:17-23.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Epidemiology of Injuries in Toddlers and Infants (6-24 Months)
Introduction Injury is a leading cause for morbidity and mortality in otherwise healthy children. There are few data (especially in Iran)about epidemiology and incidence of injury in the first two years of life. Materials and Methods This research was a cross sectional descriptive study on a group of 1000 infants (6-24 months old), from all the health care centers in Mashhad, who were evaluated about the history of any kind of injury since birth. The study was performed in autumn of 2004. Results The mean age of the study group was 13.8±7.8 months. During this time 55.7% of the infants had experienced some kind of injury.The occurred injuries in order of frequency were Falls (13.4%), Chocking due to foreign body aspiration (12.8%), Cuts and lacerations (11.9%), Burning (10.9%), Poisoning (3.9%) Traffic accidents (1.5%) Drowning (0.7%) and electrical injuries (0.6%). Overall Fifty infants (5%) in our group were visited (for accident) in an office by a doctor, which burning (with 16 outpatient visits) was the most common injury in this group. There was history of 80 hospital admission in the study group but only seven of them were due to accidents, and poisoning in three cases was the most common cause of injury related admission. Conclusion The periodic prevalence of injuries in our study group was 55.7%. Falls, Chocking (due to foreign body aspiration), Cuts and burns were (in order of frequency) the most common types of the injuries in infants of Mashhad. Injury was not a significant cause for hospital admission in this age group.
https://mjms.mums.ac.ir/article_5312_c90e9e2e92aa097fa12eed8c213a804e.pdf
2011-12-22
201
206
10.22038/mjms.2011.5312
Accident
Burning
Falls
Injury
Infants
Injury revention
Mohammad Saeed
Sasan
sasams@mums.ac.ir
1
Assistant professor of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ehsan
Beykzadeh
2
General Practitioner,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahin
Saeedinejat
saeedish1@mums.ac.ir
3
Master of Science in Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School of Mashhad University Of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Kolsoum
Deldar
4
Master of Science in Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School of Mashhad University Of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Khajedaluee
khajedalueem@ mums.ac.ir
5
-Associate professor of Biostatics,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1- Peden M, McGee K, Krug E. Injury: A leading cause of the global burden of disease in 2000. World Health
1
Organization; 2002.p. 8.
2
2- Nagavi M, Jafari N. Projection of mortality in 29 states of Iran at 2004, Ministry of health and medical education Of
3
Islamic Republic Of Iran; 2007.
4
3- Rivara FP, Grossman DC. Injury Control. In: Kliegman M, Stanton B. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed.
5
Saunders Elsevier; 2011.p.17-25.
6
4- Canadian Institute for Health Information. 2000 Report: Injury deaths in Ontario, 1997/98. Ottawa, ON: Canadian
7
Institute for Health Information; 2000.
8
5- Canadian Institute for Health Information. 2001 Report: Hospital injury admissions. Ottawa: Canadian Institute for
9
Health Information; 2001.
10
6- Kingston and Region Injury Surveillance Program. Internal Report of Annual Injury Counts. Kingston, ON: Queen’s
11
University; 2002.
12
7- MacInnes K, Stone DH. Stages of development and injury: an epidemiologicalsurvey of young children presenting to
13
an emergency department. BMC Public Health 2008; 14:8:120
14
8- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System
15
(WISQARS) Injury Mortality Reports, 1999 –2000. http://webapp.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/leadcaus10.html
16
9- Powell EC, Tanz RR. Adjusting our view of injury risk: the burden of nonfatal injuries in infancy. Pediatrics 2002;
17
110:792-796.
18
10- Carpenter RF. The prevalence and distribution of bruising in babies. Arch Dis Child 1999; 80:363-366.
19
11- Macgregor DM. Accident and emergency attendances by children under the age of 1 year as a result of injury.
20
Emerg Med J 2003; 20:21–24.
21
12- Pickett W, Streight S, Simpson K, Brison RJ. Injuries experienced by infant children: a population-based
22
epidemiological analysis. Pediatrics 2003; 111:e365-370.
23
13 - Warrington SA, Wright CM, ALSPAC Study Team. Accidents and resulting injuries in premobile infants. Arch Dis
24
Child 2001; 85:104 –107.
25
14- Datubo-Brown DD, Gowar JP. Contact burns in children. Burns 1989; 15:285–286.
26
15- Phillips W, Mahairas E, Hunt D, Pegg SP. The epidemiology of childhood scalds in Brisbane. Burns 1986; 12:343–350.
27
16- Banco L, Lapidus G, Zavoski R, Braddock M. Burn injuries among children in an urban emergency department.
28
Pediatr Emerg Care 1994; 10:98–101.
29
17- Agran PF, Anderson C, Winn D, Trent R, Walton-Haynes L, Thayer S. Rates of Pediatric Injuries by 3-Month
30
Intervals for Children 0 to 3 Years of Age. Pediatrics 2003; 111:e683-e692.
31
18- Maddocks GB, Sibert JR, Brown BM. A four week study of accidents to children in South Glamorgan. Public
32
Health 1978; 92:171–176.
33
19- Künster AK, Wucher A, Thurn L, Kindler H, Fischer D, Ziegenhain U.[Epidemiology of risks and child
34
maltreatment in early childhood: a pilot study]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2011; 60:206-223.
35
20- Matschke J, Herrmann B, Sperhake J, Kö rber F, Bajanowski T, Glatzel M. Shaken baby syndrome: a common
36
variant of non-accidental head injury in infants. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2009; 106:211-217.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of low Mineral Bone Density in Renal Transplant Recipients one Year or More after Transplantation
Introduction Reduction in mineral bone density is a common complication following kidney transplantation and its adverse outcome could be minimized with well recognition and treatment. In this study we evaluated the prevalence of mineral bone density decrease in kidney recipients at least one year after the transplantation. Materials and Methods Kidney recipients from whom transplant surgery at least a year had passed and had a good kidney function were selected. Mineral bone densitometry using X- ray energy absorptiometry was performed. The serum levels of Ca, P, Alkaline Phosphatase and Paratormone were measured and the collected data were statistically analyzed. Results Overall 182 patients were studied. The total rate of mineral bone density decrease was 87.4%. Osteopenia in the femoral bone was 73.6% and osteoporosis was 13.8%. In the lumbar vertebrae an osteopenia of 66.5% and an osteoporosis of 20.9% were noticed. Variance of analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences between duration of dialysis before kidney transplantation (P=0.777, P=0.420), duration of kidney transplantation (P=0.927, P=0.271), the mean of serum PTH (P=0.908, P=0.146) and calcium (P=0.348, P=0.265) in respect to densitometry of femoral bone and lumbar vertebrae. Conclusion The frequency of mineral bone density reduction one year after kidney transplant in patients with a good transplanted kidney function was high.
https://mjms.mums.ac.ir/article_5313_c7fc8c4f9feca4d2fe6208f84fe42dcd.pdf
2011-12-22
207
211
10.22038/mjms.2011.5313
Mineral bone density
Transplanted kidney
X- Ray energy absorptiometry
Farzaneh
Sharifipour
roya.sadeghniya@yahoo.com
1
Assistant professor of Nephrology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdullah
Bahrami
2
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Habibollah
Esmaeili
3
PhD of Biological statistics, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas Ali
Zeraati
zeraaty@mums.ac.ir
4
Assistant professor of Nephrology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Farnaz
Kalani Moghaddam
5
General Practitioner, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Hami
hamim@mums.ac.ir
6
Assistant professor of Nephrology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Fariborz
Soltani
7
Bachelor of government and Public management, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Vida
Marefat
8
Head nurse, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1- Cunningham J. Post transplantation bone disease. Transplantation 2005; 79:629-634.
1
2- Ló pez Oliva MO, Del Castillo Caba D, Sánchez Plumed J. [Changes in bone and mineral metabolism in kidney
2
transplant patients with chronic kidney disease].Nefrologia 2009; 29:31-7. Spanish.
3
3- Ahmadpoor P, Reisi S, Makhdoomi K, Ghafari A, Sepehrvand N, Rahimi E. Osteoporosis and related risk factors in
4
renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:2820-2822.
5
4- Giza D, Stomper T, Katra B, Sieradzki J. Bone metabolism assessed with selected markers of bone turnover as well
6
as densitometry analysis in patients after successful kidney transplantation. Przegl lek 2001; 58:979-984.
7
5- Cohen A, Sambrook P, Shane E. Management of bone disease after organ transplantation. J bone miner Res
8
2004:19:1919-1932.
9
6- Marcén R, Caballero C, Uriol O, Fernández A, Villafruela JJ, Pascual J, et al. Prevalence of osteoporosis,osteopenia,
10
and vertebral fractures in long-term renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2007; 39:2256.
11
7- Falkiewicz K, Boratyńska M, Zmonarski SC, Milewicz A, Patrzałek D, Biecek P, et al. Evolution of bone disease at
12
2 years after transplantation: a single-center study. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:3063-3066.
13
8- Weisinger JR, Carlini RG, Rojas E, Bellorin-Font E. Bone disease after renal transplantationt. Clin J Am Soc
14
Nephrol 2006; 1:1300-1313.
15
9- Cohen A, Ebeling P, Sprague S, Shane E. In : Favus MJ. editor. Primer on the metabolic bone disease and disorders
16
of mineralmeabolism.5th ed. Washington DC: American society for Bone Mineral research; 2003.p.370-379.
17
10- Nouri-Majalan N, Sanadgol H, Rahimian M, Soleimani H. Bone mineral density in kidney transplant recipients and
18
patients on hemodialysis A Comparison With Healthy Individuals. Iran J Kidney Dis 2008; 2:54-59.
19
11- Palmer SC, Strippoli GF, McGregor DO. Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients: a
20
systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Am J Kidney Dis 2005; 45:638-649.
21
12- Cvijetic S, Slavicek J, Karacic I, Puretic Z, Kes P. Bone density in renal transplant recipients and in patients with
22
chronic kidney disease: a follow-up study in children and adolescents. Clin Nephrol 2010; 73:197-203.
23
13- Cueto-Manzano AM, Konel S, Crowley V, France MW, Freemont AJ, Adams JE, et al. Bone histopathology and
24
densitometry comparison between cyclosporine a monotherapy and prednisolone plus azathioprine dual
25
mmunosuppression in renal transplant patients. Transplantation 2003; 75:2053-2058.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Comparison between the Role of MRI and Arthroscopy in the Diagnosis of Traumatic Knee Lesions
Introduction The knee is one of the most frequently injured joints. Clinical tests in the diagnosis of meniscus and ligament injuries have limitations and it may not be possible to elicit objective signs repeatedly. MRI, has been shown to improve diagnostic accuracy in many knee disorders. Its principal attractiveness over arthroscopy is that it is noninvasive. To determine the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging in the appropriate identification of traumatic intra articular knee lesions, we compared its findings with clinical examination and arthroscopy as a gold standard technique in a descriptive cross sectional study. Materials and Methods Overall 100 patients with knee trauma were entered and completed the study. All patients had thorough clinical examination By experienced physicians. An MRI of the affected knee was requested in all patients. Arthroscopies were performed for all of them. Results Overall 55 knees were reported to have ACL tear arthroscopically, Meniscal injuries were found in 75 cases. We found correlation between posterior drawer test, MRI report of PCL tear and arthroscopic PCL tear. The sensitivity of MRI for detecting Meniscal tear: represented high, for bucket handle tear of medial meniscus, and high specificity for Lateral meniscal tear. Conclusion It is concluded that arthroscopy still remains the gold standard technique. More powerful MRI scan equipments with better soft wares will be needed in order to have much better diagnosis.
https://mjms.mums.ac.ir/article_5314_8aa9115ed4cd0e68200302418e0ee9e9.pdf
2011-12-22
212
216
10.22038/mjms.2011.5314
Arthroscopy
Cruciate injury
knee
Meniscus
MRI
Hadi
Makhmalbaf
makhmalbafh@mums.ac.ir
1
Assistant professor of Orthopaedic surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tahereh
Habashizadeh
2
Radiologist, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Parsa
parsaa@mums.ac.ir
3
Residentof Orthopaedic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1- Lee JK, Yao L, Phelps CT, Wirth CR, Czajka J, Lozman J. Anterior cruciate ligament tears: MR imaging compared
1
with arthroscopy and clinical tests. Radiology 1988; 166:861–864.
2
2- Gelb HJ, Glasgow SG, Sapega AA, Torg JS. Magnetic resonance imaging of knee disorders. Clinical value and costeffectiveness
3
in a sports medicine practice. Am J Sports Med 1996; 24:99–103.
4
3- Fischer SP, Fox JM, Del Pizzo W, Friedman MJ, Snyder SJ, Ferkel RD. Accuracy of diagnoses from magnetic
5
resonance imaging of the knee. A multi-center analysis of one thousand and fourteen patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am
6
1991; 73:2–10.
7
4- Weinstabl R, Muellner T, Vecsei V, Kainberger F, Kramer M. Economic considerations for the diagnosis and
8
therapy of meniscal lesions: can magnetic resonance imaging help reduce the expense? World J Surg 1997; 21:363–368.
9
5- Marthe Grenier J, Wessely M, Knee MRI, Part II. MR imaging of common internal derangements affecting the
10
knee. Clin Chiropract 2004; 7:131-140.
11
6- Watanabe AT, Carter BC, Teitelbaum GP, Bradley WG Jr. Common pitfalls in magnetic resonance imaging of the
12
knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1989; 71:857–862.
13
7- Frobell RB, Roos HB, Roos EM, Graverand MP, Buck R. The acutely ACL injured knee assessed by MRI : are
14
large volume traumatic bone marrow lesions a sign of severe compression injury? Can Assoc Radiol J 2010; 61:80-89.
15
8- Ben-Galim P, Steinberg E, Amir H, Ash N, Dekel S, Arbel R. Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging of the knee
16
and unjustified surgery.Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006; 447:100-104.
17
9- Rubin DA, Kettering JM, Towers JD, Britton CA. MR imaging of knees having isolated and combined ligament
18
injuries.AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170:1207-1213.
19
10- Jonsson T, Althoff B, Peterson L.Clinical diagnosis of ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament:Acomparative
20
study of the lachman test and the anterior drawer sign. Am J sports Med 1982; 10:100-102.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Eye research center-Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Introduction Evaluation of epidemiology and seasonal variation of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD), in patients undergoing retinal detachment surgery. Materials and Methods Medical records of 416 patients admitted in KHATAM eye hospital (Mashhad, IRAN) were reviewed between years 2000 to 2008. Information about sex, age, season and month of incidence and operation and concomitant risk factors of patients, were gathered and analyzed. Results Average age of patients was 41 years old. Most of the cases of the disease were observed in the age group of above 60 y/o (35%). The frequency of the RRD was higher in male patients than in females. (Ratio: 1.7 to 1).Distribution of our cases in different seasons showed no significant difference between them (P value = 0.142). The highest and lowest rate of RRD was observed in October and September respectively with October having 51 patients (12.3%) and September having 23patients (5.5%). Myopia and pseudophakia were most common risk factors. There was no statistically significant relationship between age and month (and season) of incidence (or diagnosis and surgical procedure) of the RRD, likewise for gender. Conclusion This study showed more RRD in male patients. Patients above than 60 years old have greater risks of incidence of RRD. No seasonal incidence pattern for RRD was founded; however, most of cases occurred in October, and at least in September.
https://mjms.mums.ac.ir/article_5315_7d87373bc9ad82c843ec24210bb73055.pdf
2011-12-22
217
223
10.22038/mjms.2011.5315
Lattice degeneration
Myopia
Ocular trauma
Retinal detachment
Mirnaghi
Moosavi
mousavimn@mums.ac.ir
1
Associate professor of Ophthalmology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tooka
Banaee
2
Associate professor of Ophthalmology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Majid
Abrishami
abrishamim@mums.ac.ir
3
Professor of Ophthalmology, Mashhad University of Medical science Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Taghi
Shakeri
shakerimt@mums.ac.ir
4
Assistant professor of Biostatistics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Ira
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Sakhaee
dr_sakhaee@yahoo.com
5
Resident of Ophthalmology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
AUTHOR
Niloofar
Fekrat
6
General practitioner, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1- Brinton DA,Wilkinson CP.Retinal Detachment. Newyork:Oxford University Press;3rd ed.2009.
1
2- Lisegang TJ, Skuta GL, Cantor LB. Retina and Vitreous. Sanfransisco: American Academy of Ophtalmology;2007.
2
3- Pastor JC, Fernandez I, Rodriguez de la RE, Coco R, Sanabria-Ruiz Colmenares MR, et al. Surgical outcomes for
3
primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in phakic and pseudophakic patients: the Retina 1 Project--report 2. Br J
4
Ophthalmol 2008; 92:378-382
5
4- Haimann MH, Burton TC, Brown CK. Epidemiology of retinal detachment. Arch Ophthalmol 1982; 100:289-292.
6
Ivanisevic
7
5- Wilkes SR, Beard CM, Kurland LT, Campbell RJ. The incidence of retinal detachment in Rochester, Minnesota,
8
1970-1978. Am J Ophthalmol 1982; 94:670-673.
9
6- Laatikainen L, Tolppanen EM, Harju H. Epidemiology of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a Finnish
10
population. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1985; 63:5964.
11
7- Tornquist R, Stenkula S, Tornquist P. Retinal detachment. A study of a population-based patient material in Sweden
12
1971-1981. I. Epidemiology. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1987; 65:213-222.
13
8- Rowe JA, Erie JC, Baratz KH,Hodge DO, Gray DT, Butterfield L,et al. Retinal detachment in Olmsted
14
County,Minnesota, 1976 through 1995. Ophthalmology 1999; 106:154-159.
15
9- Algvere PV, Jahnberg P, Textorius O. The Swedish Retinal Detachment Register. I.A database for epidemiological
16
and clinical studies. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1999; 237:137-144.
17
10- Wong TY, Tielsch JM, Schein OD. Racial difference in the incidence of retinal detachment in Singapore. Arch
18
Ophthalmol 1999; 117:379-383.
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11- Li X. Incidence and epidemiological characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Beijing, China.
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Ophthalmology 2003; 110:2413-2417.
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12- Zou H, Zhang X, Xu X.Epidemiology survey of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Beixinjing District,
22
Shanghai, China. Retina 2002; 22:2949.
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13- Mowatt L, Shun-Shin G, Price N. Ethnic differences in the demand incidence of retinal detachments in two districts
24
in the West Midlands. Eye 2003; 17:63-70.
25
14- Weber-Krause B, Eckardt C. Incidence of posterior vitreous detachment in the elderly. Ophthalmologe 1997;
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94:619-623.
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15- Polkinghorne PJ, Craig JP. Northern New Zealand Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Study: epidemiology and
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risk factors. Clin Experiment. Ophthalmol 2004; 32:159-163.
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16- Sasaki K, Ideta H, Yonemoto J, Tanaka S, Hirose A, Oka C. Epidemiologic characteristics of rhegmatogenous
30
retinal detachment in Kumamoto, Japan. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1995; 233:772-776.
31
17- Limeira-Soares PH, Lira RP, Arieta CE, Kara-José N. Demand incidence of retinal detachment in Brazil. Eye 2007;
32
21:348-352
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18- Ashrafzadeh MT, Schepens CL, Elzeneiny I, Moura R, Morse P, Kraushar MF. Aphakic and Phakic retinal
34
detachment. I Preoperative findings. Arch Ophthalmol 1973; 89:476-483.
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19- Rosner M, Treister G, Belkin M. Epidemiology of retinal detachment in childhood and adolescence. J Pediatr
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Ophthalmol Strabismus 1987; 24:42-44.
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20- Ivanisevic M, Bojic L, Eterovic D. Epidemiological study of nontraumatic Phakic rhegmatogenous retinal
38
detachment. Ophthalmic Res 2000; 32:237-239.
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21- Rosman M, Wong TY, Ong SG et al. Retinal detachment in Chinese, Malay andIndian residents in Singapore: a
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comparative study on risk factors, clinicalpresentation and surgical outcomes. Int.Ophthalmol 2001; 24:101-106.
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22- Av-Shalom A, Berson D, Gombos GM, Michaelson IC, Zauberman H. Some comments on the incidence of
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idiopathic retinal detachment among Africans. Am J Ophthalmol 1967; 64:384-386.
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23- Weiss H, Tasman WS. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in blacks. Ann Ophthalmol 1978; 10:799-806.
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24- Brown PR, Thomas RP. The low incidence of pimary retinal detachent in the negro. Am J Ophthalmol 1965; 60:109-110.
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25- Gupta OP, Benson WE. The risk of fellow eyes in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Curr Opin
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Ophthalmol 2005; 16:175-178.
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Seasonal variation and incidence]. Ophthalmologe 1997; 94:638-641.
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Detachment in Lebanon. Ophthalmic Res 2009; 41:170–174.
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meteorological factors. Ophthalmologica 1986; 192:97-102.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of Sick Building Syndrome Symptoms in Inhabitants of Ekbatan Town
Introduction Sick Building Syndrome has mostly been examined in office environments than in residential spaces. However, in this research, this problem is surveyed in residential buildings of Ekbatan town. Materials and Methods Three hundred and thirty cases were, randomly, chosen from among the inhabitants of Ekbatan town. The questionnaires involved questions about the irritative and mental symptoms. A relation was established between the intensification of these symptoms and the physical conditions of buildings e.g. light, ventilation and other factors such as gender and age. Results Symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome were positive in 56.4 percent of cases. The strongest symptoms observed among the residents include eye irritation during using the computer (8.8%), sore throat (8.5%) and nose irritation (6.4%) near the garbage shooting. The results showed that the residents of buildings without natural sunlight and appropriate central air-conditioning system with (P= 0.04, OR=1.60) have higher chances of sick building syndrome than residents of buildings exposed to sunlight and good air-conditioning system (with P =0.001, OR =2.41). Conclusion The factors influencing the Sick Building Syndrome in this town include inefficient central air-conditioning system, double windows, improper operation and maintenance of shooting system, improper cleaning, and lack of compressor. The neighboring location of Ekbatan town with the polluted areas such as Azadi’s West Terminal and Mehr Abad International Airport is among the factors which contribute to the prevalence of the syndrome, as well.
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Building
Ekbatana town
Residents
Sick building syndrome
Saeed
Motesaddi
1
Associate Professor ofHealth Faculty, Shaheed Beheshty University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Sheikhmohammadi
2
Instractor ofHealth Faculty, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoram Abad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdieh
Sardar
mahdiehsardar@yahoo.com
3
MSc inHealth Faculty, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoram Abad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shadi
Jayboiee
4
Bachelor of Health Faculty, Shaheed Beheshty University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Samaneh
Akbarpour
5
Instructor of Medicine Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
1- Sakai K, Norback DMiY, Shibata E, Kamijima M, Yamada T, Takeuchi Y.A comparison of indoor air pollutants in
1
Japan and Sweden:formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Environ Res 2004;
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94:75–85.
3
2- Hind M, Al Momani, Hikmat H. Sick Building Syndrome in Apartment Buildings in Jordan. Jordan J Civil
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Engineering 2008; 2008; 2:391-403.
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3- Burg P. Sick Building Syndrome. Occup Environ Med 2004; 61:185-190.
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4- Burton J. IAQ and HVAC Workbook. 1993. IUE Inc.
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5 -Wang BL, Takigawa T, Yamasaki Y, Sakano N,Wang DH, Ogino K. Symptom definitions for SBS (sick building
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syndrome) in residential dwellings. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2008; 211:114–120.
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7- Shoemaker RC, House DE. A time-series study of sick building syndrome: chronic,biotoxin-associated illness from
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exposure to water-damaged buildings. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2005; 27:29–46.
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8-Wang ZM, Yamashita N,Wang ZX, Hoshinoo K, Kanoh H. Air oxidation effects on microporosity, surface property
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and CH4 adsorptivity of pitch-based activated carbon fibers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 1:143–150.
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Energy Buildings 2004; 36:15–22.
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quality control for human health. Int J Refriger 2009; 32:3–20.
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Potential and challenges. Biotechnol Adv 2008; 26:398–410.
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13-Skov P, Valbjø rn O, Pedersen B. Influence of Indoor Climate on the Sick Building Syndrome in an
22
Office Environment. Danish Indoor Climate Study Group. Scand J Work Environ Health 1990; 5:363-371.
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14- Studies of Sick Building Syndrome. J Asthma 2002; 3:191-201.
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prevalence and incidence of sick building syndrome in primary schools. Br J Ind Med 1990; 47:733 -741.
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Environ Health 1999; 1:58-63.
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17- UEPA.Indoor Air Facts No.4 .Sick Building Syndrome (homepage on the Internet). Available
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at:http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/sbs.html.
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18- Tang G Lee. Vital Signs, Health and the Built Environment, Canada.1996.
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19- Wargocki P, Wyon DP, Sundell J. The effect of outdoor air supply rate in officion pereceived air quality sick
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20- Pejtersen J, Brohus H, Hyldgaard CE. Air quality and amount of Ventilation .Indoor Air2001;
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome among Female Patients Admitted in Psychiatry Ward
Introduction In recent years the metabolic syndrome has been highly common among psychiatric patients. Since many factors including genetic factors contribute to the prevalence of this syndrome, it seems necessary to look for metabolic syndrome among Iranian psychiatric patients. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 130 female patients admitted to psychiatric ward of Mashhad 22 Bahman hospital since March 2009 until December 2009 to find whether they had metabolic syndrome. Questionnaires were completed for patients. Pregnant women and those who had had a delivery during the last 6 months were excluded. Data were analyzed through statistical tests such as t-test and chi square and SPSS software version 17. P-value less than 0.05 was regarded as meaningful result. Results In this study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was, according to criteria of NCEP (ATP III), 39.8%, which is deemed as significantly more than expectable range for healthy Iranian population. Older age, higher waist circumference ,BMI and weight, persistence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, low educational level and marriage status were proven to be associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome.(p-value<0.05) There were no meaningful relation between metabolic syndrome, duration of administration and type of drugs, and mental disorder. (p-value>0.05) Conclusion In the present study, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was examined. And it was proved that the rate of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is more than what is typically found in similar studies among Iranian psychiatric population. no relationship was detected between metabolic syndrome and any specific drug, however, more extensive studies are suggested..
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10.22038/mjms.2011.5317
metabolic syndrome
psychiatric disorders
Psychiatric drugs
Vahid
Saadatian
1
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry,Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Sahar
Ghareh
2
Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammadtaghi
Shakeri
shakerimt@mums.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor of Community Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Emadzadeh
maryamemadzadeh@yahoo.com
4
General Practitioner,
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shirin
Taraz Jamshidi
5
Resident of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Emadzadeh
emadzadea@mums.ac.ir
6
Nephrology Fellowship,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1- Eckel RH. The Metabolic Syndrome. In: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL .
1
editors. Harrison`s principles of internal medicine. 17th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill; 2008.p.1509-1514.
2
2- Ridker PM, Libby P. Risk factors for Atherothrombotic Disease. In: Libby p, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP,
3
editors. Braunwald`s heart disease: A Textbook of cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier;
4
2008.p.1003-1026.
5
3- Delavari A, Forouzanfar MH, Alikhani S, Sharifian A, Kelishadi R. First nationwide study of the prevalence of the
6
metabolic syndrome and optimal cutoff points of waist circumference in the Middle East: the national survey of risk
7
factors for noncommunicable disease of Iran. Diabetes Care 2009; 32:1092-1097.
8
4- Gelder M, Harrison P, Cowen P. Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. 5th ed. New York:Oxford University Press;
9
2006.p.530-536.
10
5- Teixeira PJ, Rocha FL. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among psychiatric inpatients in Brazil. Rev Bras
11
Psiquiatr 2007; 29:330-336.
12
6- Boulogne A, Vantyghem MC. Epidemiological data and screening of the metabolic syndrome. Presse Med 2004 ;
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33:662-665, 681.
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7- Kim SH, Kim K, Kwak MH, Kim HJ, Kim HS, Han KH. The contribution of abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia to
15
metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients. Korean J Intern Med 2010; 25:168-173.
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8- Sharifi F. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an adult urban population of the west of Iran. Exp Diabetes Res
17
9- Rojas R, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Jiménez-Corona A, Shamah-Levy T, Rauda J, Avila-Burgos L, Villalpando et al.
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Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican Adults:results from the National Health and Nutrition Survey2006.Salud Publica Mex
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2010; S11-8.
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women in Babol,Iran. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2009; 40:612-628.
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11- Skilton MR , Moulin P, Terra JL, Bonnet F. .Association between anxiety,depression,and the metabolic syndrome.
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Biol Psychiatry 2007; 62:1251-1257.
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12- Manu P . Medical consultation in Psychiatry. In:Goldman L.Cecil Medicine .23rd ed. Philadelphia:Saunders
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Elseviers;2008.p.2912-2916.
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13- Simon V.Are weight gain and metabolic side effects of atypical antipsychotics dose dependent? A literature review.
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J Clin Psychiatry 2009; 70:1041-1050.
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14- Blank K, Szarek BL, Goethe JW.Metabolic abnormalities in adults andgeriatric major depression with and without
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comorbid dementia. J Clin Hypertens(Greenwich)2010; 12:456-461.
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15- Rezaei O , Khodaie-Ardakani MR, Mandegar MH, Dogmehchi E, Goodarzynejad H. Prevalence of metabolic
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syndrome among an Iranian cohort of inpatients with schizophrenia. Int J Psychiatry Med 2009; 39:451-462.
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16- Matto SK, Chakraborty K, Basu D, Ghosh A, Vijaya Kumar KG, Kulhara P. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in
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psychiatric inpatients in a tertiary care centre in north India. Indian J Med Res 2010; 131:46-52.
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17- Ozenoglu A, Balci H, Ugurlu S, Caglar E, Uzun H.The relationship of leptin,adiponectin levels and paraoxonase
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activity with metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in females treated with psychiatric drugs. Clinics (Soa Paulo)
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2008; 63:651-660.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of knotweet or polygonum aviculare herbal extract on proliferation of HeLa cell line
Introduction Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women living in developing countries. Recently, for treatment of diseases such as cancer, herbal medicine is used as a supplementary.The Aim of this study was assessment of anticancerous effects of polygonum aviculare herbal extract on Hela cervical cancer cell line Materials and Methods HeLa cells were cultured in RPMI -1640 with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum in 5% Co2 and at 37ºC in different concentrations (0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.01, 0.025, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, 0.15, 0.175, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.5, 5 mg/ml) of polygonum aviculare. For assessment of viability of cells, trypan blue staining was performed. MTT assay was used for proliferation detection. Results: our results showed that in 0.15, 0.20 and 0.35 mg/ml proliferation of HeLa cells decreased according to MTT assay. Conclusion It was proved that polygonum aviculare had antioxidant component and could be a scavenger of free radical. Because of high production of free radicals in diseases such as cancer, the use of the herbal medicine with high amount of antioxidant could be a supplementary treatment in cancer and other diseases.
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10.22038/mjms.2011.5318
Cervical Cancer
HeLa cell line
Polygonum aviculare
Proliferation
Hossein
Banazadeh
1
MSc in Virology Tabriz university of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Delazar
2
Professor of Anatomical sciences, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehryar
Habibi Roudkenar
3
Associate professor of Medicine Biotechnology research center, Iranian Blood Transfusion organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Rahmati Yamchi
rahmati_bio@yahoo.com
4
Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Behnaz
Sadeghzadeh Oscoui
5
MSc in Anatomical sciences, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Mehdipour
6
MSc in Anatomical sciences, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Jafar
Soleimani Rad
7
Professor of Anatomical sciences, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Amaneh
Mohammadi Roushandeh
dinachal@yahoo.com
8
Assistant Professor of Anatomical sciences, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1- Castellsague X, Diaz M, Sanjose S. Worldwide human papillomavirus etiology of cervical adenocarcinoma and its
1
cofactors: implications for screening and prevention. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98:303–315.
2
2- Cassileth BR, Deng G. Alternative and complementary medicine. Cancer. Oncologist 1995; 9:80–89
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United States: Prevalence, costs, and patterns of use. N Engl J Med 1993; 328:246–252.
5
4- Lazarides M, Cowley K, Hohnen, P. Handbook of Australian Weeds. 7th ed. CSIRO publishing;1997.p. 264.
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5- HSU CY. Antioxidant activity of extract from Polygonum aviculare L. Biol Res 2006; 39: 281-288.
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6- Smith MA, Perry G, Sayre LM, Anderson VE, Beal MF, Kowall N. Oxidative damage in Alzheimer’s. Nature 1996;
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382: 120-121.
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7- Kähkö nen MP,Hopia A, Vuorela HJ, Rauha J, Pihlaja K, Kujala T, et al. Heinonen M. Antioxidant activity of plant
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extracts containing phenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:3954-3962.
11
8- Cerutti PA. Oxy-radicals and Cancer. Lancet 1994; 344:862-863.
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9- Kruawan K, Kangsadalampai K. Antioxidant activity, phenolic compound contents and antimutagenic activity of
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some water extract of herbs. Thai J Pharm Sci? 2006; 30:28-35.
14
10- Gey G, Coffman WD, Kubicek MT. Tissue culture studies of the proliferative capacity of cervical carcinoma and
15
normal epithelium. Cancer Res 1952; 12:264–265.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Case Report of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia Presenting Syncope
Cardiovascular Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciense
Introduction Patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy have Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) and left bundle branch block contours with right-axis deviation and T-waves inversion in pericardial leads. [ Case report Presenting case was a 28 years old man admitted with palpitation and syncope. The electrocardiography showed Ventricular tachycardia with left bundle branch block contour and T wave inversions in V1 to V6 and incomplete right bundle branch block and T wave inversions in V1 to V3. Echocardiography revealed right ventricular (RV) dilatation. RV function was abnormal, and aneurismal formation in free wall was seen in 3D echocardiography. Conclusion Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy remains as a primary diagnoses, in case of patients with ventricular tachycardia, left bundle branch block contour and T waves inversion in pericardial leads and without any history of ischemic heart disease,
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10.22038/mjms.2011.5320
Arrhythmogenic right Ventricular Dysplasia
Syncope
Ventricular tachycardia
Mehdi
Hasanzadeh
hasanzadedaloeem@mums.ac.ir
1
Associate Professor of Cardiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afsoon
Fazlinezhad
fazlinejada@mums.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor of Cardiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Masoomeh
Alvandi Azari
3
Resident of Cardiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1-Horimoto M, Akino M, Takeaka T, Igarashi K, Inoue H, Kawakami Y. Evolution of left ventricular involvement in
1
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Cardiology 2000; 93:197-200.
2
2 - Libby P. Brunwalds heart disease:a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 8th ed.
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3 -Marcus FIWJ,McKenna D,Sherrill C,Basso B,Bauce DA, Bluemke H,et al.
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Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: proposed modification of the task force
5
criteria. Circulation 2010; 121:1533-1541.
6
4-Yoerger DM, Marcus F, Sherrill D , Calkins H Towbin JA, Zareba W, et al. Echocardiographic findings in patients
7
meeting task force criteria for arrithmogenic right ventricular dysplasia :new insights from the multidisciplinary study
8
of right ventricular dysplasia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45:860-865
9
5 - Donal E, Raynier P .Transthoracic tissue Doppler study of right ventricular regional function in a patient with an
10
arrithmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Heart 2004; 90:980.
11
6 - Herbots L, Kowalski M, Vanhaecke J, Hatle L, Sutherland GR. Characterizing abnormal regional longitundinal
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function in arrithmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: the potential clinical role of ultrasonic myocardial deformation
13
imaging .Eur Heart J 1988; 9:1291-302.
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