medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121The prognostic value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysisThe prognostic value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis126412781347110.22038/mjms.2019.13471FAAmin SaberiStudent Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-7043-0722Moniba BijariStudent Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranAli EshraghiAssistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-3642-3553Journal Article20190121<strong>Introduction:</strong> Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an important cause of death. It is important to identify factors predicting mortality of these patients. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prognostic role of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with ACS. <br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase and Web of Knowledge databases were searched for relevant studies in, December 29th 2018. Studies investigating the association of PLR with mortality of ACS patients were included in the systematic review. Data extraction and quality assessment are performed independently by two authors. Meta-analysis of hazard ratios and the results of diagnostic statistical methods was performed. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>A total of Thirteen studies with 17111 participants were included in the systematic review. Significant association between PLR and mortality rate was observed in all but one study. The pooled hazard ratios of short-term and long-term mortality in high PLR group compared to low PLR group were 2.187 (CI95%: 1.56-3.06) and 2.40 (CI95%: 1.69-3.42), respectively. Moreover, PLR showed a moderate prognostic accuracy for short-term and long-term mortality with area under the SROC curves of 0.710 and 0.668, respectively. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PLR is significantly associated with mortality in ACS patients and can be used alone or in combination with other prognostic markers and scoring systems to stratify the risk of these patients.<strong>Introduction:</strong> Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an important cause of death. It is important to identify factors predicting mortality of these patients. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prognostic role of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with ACS. <br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase and Web of Knowledge databases were searched for relevant studies in, December 29th 2018. Studies investigating the association of PLR with mortality of ACS patients were included in the systematic review. Data extraction and quality assessment are performed independently by two authors. Meta-analysis of hazard ratios and the results of diagnostic statistical methods was performed. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>A total of Thirteen studies with 17111 participants were included in the systematic review. Significant association between PLR and mortality rate was observed in all but one study. The pooled hazard ratios of short-term and long-term mortality in high PLR group compared to low PLR group were 2.187 (CI95%: 1.56-3.06) and 2.40 (CI95%: 1.69-3.42), respectively. Moreover, PLR showed a moderate prognostic accuracy for short-term and long-term mortality with area under the SROC curves of 0.710 and 0.668, respectively. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PLR is significantly associated with mortality in ACS patients and can be used alone or in combination with other prognostic markers and scoring systems to stratify the risk of these patients.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Effect of Oxybutynin on Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort after Cystoplasty in Placenta Accreta PatientsEffect of Oxybutynin on Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort after Cystoplasty in Placenta Accreta Patients180018101477610.22038/mjms.2019.14776FAAmir Abbas AsadpourAssistant professor , Urology Department, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences0000-0002-5892-5407Freshteh BazmiGynecologist, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesZahiroddin Khajeh KarimoddiniResident of Urology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesJournal Article20200202Abstract <br /><strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong>In a considerable number of pregnant patients with placenta accreta, during cesarian section bladder involment and injury is common .After bladder repairment, urinary catheterization and free drainage for a long time( about three weeks) is needed. Sondage is a source of significant discomfort in these group of patients . Burn sensation, bladder fullness, urgency, and urine leakage are the most common problems. In this cross-sectional retrograde study, we aimed to describe the incidence and severity of the catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) in patients receiving oxybutynin as anticholinergic treatment and whom not received this drug as the control group. <br /><strong><em>Materials & Methods: </em></strong>In about six years period of time since 2012 to 2018 , forty three patients whom had been visited in Mashhad Ghaem Hospital clinic for their bladder injury follow up ,enrolled in this study .Twenty five (58.2%) patients had received antibiotics and analgesics as the routine regimen (control group) . In addition to the routine regimen 18 (41.8%) patients had received 5 to 15 mg daily oxybutynin oral tablet (Oxybutynin group). During follow up and after about 21 days, patients were asked and evaluated about the severity of catheter related bladder discomfort (CRBD). Oxybutynin had stopped 48 hours before catheter removal. <br /><strong><em>Results: </em></strong>In Oxybutynin group, all patients described the severity of CRBD as mild to moderate, whereas in control group, for 19 (76%) patients, CRBD was severe and it was moderate in only 6(24%) patients .The most common complication in oxybutynin group was mouth dryness which was expressed severe by only 3(14.4%) patients in the first week of treatment. Mouth Dryness was considerably controlled by decreasing the oxybutynin dose and drinking more liquids and especially chewing gum. Constipation was the second one and limited by using high-fiber foods. <br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><strong>: </strong>In this study we saw that using oral Oxybutynin tablet as an anticholinergic drug could be beneficial for controlling CRBD after cystoplasty in placenta accreta patients.Abstract <br /><strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong>In a considerable number of pregnant patients with placenta accreta, during cesarian section bladder involment and injury is common .After bladder repairment, urinary catheterization and free drainage for a long time( about three weeks) is needed. Sondage is a source of significant discomfort in these group of patients . Burn sensation, bladder fullness, urgency, and urine leakage are the most common problems. In this cross-sectional retrograde study, we aimed to describe the incidence and severity of the catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) in patients receiving oxybutynin as anticholinergic treatment and whom not received this drug as the control group. <br /><strong><em>Materials & Methods: </em></strong>In about six years period of time since 2012 to 2018 , forty three patients whom had been visited in Mashhad Ghaem Hospital clinic for their bladder injury follow up ,enrolled in this study .Twenty five (58.2%) patients had received antibiotics and analgesics as the routine regimen (control group) . In addition to the routine regimen 18 (41.8%) patients had received 5 to 15 mg daily oxybutynin oral tablet (Oxybutynin group). During follow up and after about 21 days, patients were asked and evaluated about the severity of catheter related bladder discomfort (CRBD). Oxybutynin had stopped 48 hours before catheter removal. <br /><strong><em>Results: </em></strong>In Oxybutynin group, all patients described the severity of CRBD as mild to moderate, whereas in control group, for 19 (76%) patients, CRBD was severe and it was moderate in only 6(24%) patients .The most common complication in oxybutynin group was mouth dryness which was expressed severe by only 3(14.4%) patients in the first week of treatment. Mouth Dryness was considerably controlled by decreasing the oxybutynin dose and drinking more liquids and especially chewing gum. Constipation was the second one and limited by using high-fiber foods. <br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><strong>: </strong>In this study we saw that using oral Oxybutynin tablet as an anticholinergic drug could be beneficial for controlling CRBD after cystoplasty in placenta accreta patients.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Evaluation of lipid profile and Tax mRNA expression in HTLV-1-infected patients with cardiovascular diseaseEvaluation of lipid profile and Tax mRNA expression in HTLV-1-infected patients with cardiovascular disease127912871347210.22038/mjms.2019.13472FAFatemeh Sadat MohammadiImmunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMohammad Mohamad Zadeh ShabestariPreventive Cardiovascular Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-0051-9756Arman MosavatBlood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-8408-4664Faezeh SabetImmunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-5422-1077Farnaz MozayaniImmunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranFarahzad Jabbari AzadAllergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-0673-4809Seyed Abdolrahim RezaeeImmunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-6814-5992Journal Article20190410<strong>Introduction:</strong> Atherosclerosis is one of the most common causes of mortality in developed and developing countries, and chronic inflammation is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. The study was aimed to investigate the effect of human lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection on the progression of atherosclerosis in the HTLV-1 endemic area. <br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Of 50 patients in 4 groups including 14 coronary artery disease+HTLV-1+ patients, 8 CAD-HTLV-1+, 17 CAD+HTLV-1- subjects and 11 healthy controls (CAD-HTLV-1-), blood specimens were obtained. Then, Tax gene expression was evaluated via real-time PCR, TaqMan method. Furthermore, lipid factors such as cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL were measured as common risk factors of coronary artery disease. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>The HDL levels in CAD+HTLV-1+ group was significantly lower than the CAD-HTLV-1+ group (p=0.04). Total cholesterol in CAD+HTLV-1+ group was higher than CAD+HTLV-1- and CAD-HTLV-1- groups (p=0.001 and p=0.001). Also, total cholesterol in CAD-HTLV-1+ group was higher than CAD+HTLV-1- and healthy groups (p=0.001 and p=0.002). The LDL level in CAD+HTLV-1+ group was significantly higher than CAD+HTLV-1- group (p=0.001). Moreover, LDL level in CAD-HTLV-1+ group was higher than CAD+HTLV-1- group (p=0.01). <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HTLV-1 can alter the lipid profiles. Association between HDL, LDL, cholesterol and Tax showed that Tax as main virulence factor of virus by dysregulation of cytokines production, increasing of cholesterol, LDL and decreasing of HDL can facilitate the plaque formation in HTLV-1-infected patients. <strong>Introduction:</strong> Atherosclerosis is one of the most common causes of mortality in developed and developing countries, and chronic inflammation is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. The study was aimed to investigate the effect of human lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection on the progression of atherosclerosis in the HTLV-1 endemic area. <br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Of 50 patients in 4 groups including 14 coronary artery disease+HTLV-1+ patients, 8 CAD-HTLV-1+, 17 CAD+HTLV-1- subjects and 11 healthy controls (CAD-HTLV-1-), blood specimens were obtained. Then, Tax gene expression was evaluated via real-time PCR, TaqMan method. Furthermore, lipid factors such as cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL were measured as common risk factors of coronary artery disease. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>The HDL levels in CAD+HTLV-1+ group was significantly lower than the CAD-HTLV-1+ group (p=0.04). Total cholesterol in CAD+HTLV-1+ group was higher than CAD+HTLV-1- and CAD-HTLV-1- groups (p=0.001 and p=0.001). Also, total cholesterol in CAD-HTLV-1+ group was higher than CAD+HTLV-1- and healthy groups (p=0.001 and p=0.002). The LDL level in CAD+HTLV-1+ group was significantly higher than CAD+HTLV-1- group (p=0.001). Moreover, LDL level in CAD-HTLV-1+ group was higher than CAD+HTLV-1- group (p=0.01). <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HTLV-1 can alter the lipid profiles. Association between HDL, LDL, cholesterol and Tax showed that Tax as main virulence factor of virus by dysregulation of cytokines production, increasing of cholesterol, LDL and decreasing of HDL can facilitate the plaque formation in HTLV-1-infected patients. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121The relationship between the amount of proteinuria and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy in kidney transplant recipientsThe relationship between the amount of proteinuria and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy in kidney transplant recipients128812931347310.22038/mjms.2019.13473FABoshra HasanzamaniAssistant Professor, Department of Nephrology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMalihe Saber AfsharianFaculty Member, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20190223<strong>Introduction:</strong> The amount of proteinuria is a predictor of renal outcome in kidney transplantation. In this study we investigated the relationship between the amount of proteinuria and interstitial fibrosis /renal atrophy (IFTA) in biopsy samples taken from kidney transplantation. <br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In total 60 patients with proteinuria from November 2013 to May 2017 in Montaseriyeh hospital, transplant center of Mashhad, Iran were investigated. For all patients, Biopsy of kidney transplantation was performed. Then, the relationship between proteinuria and IFTA was evaluated. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>Among 60 patients 25% had nephrotic range and 75% had sub- nephrotic range proteinuria. According to the severity of fibrosis we divided the patients into three categories: mild (IFTA40). The prevalence of IFTA was mild in 57.8%, moderate in 32.8% and severe in 9.4%. According to the results of this study, there were relationships between amount of proteinuria and severity of fibrosis. Patients with nephrotic range proteinuria had more fibrosis (P<0.005). <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding the symptoms associated with fibrosis in transplanted kidney, may be useful in early diagnosis of development of fibrosis.<strong>Introduction:</strong> The amount of proteinuria is a predictor of renal outcome in kidney transplantation. In this study we investigated the relationship between the amount of proteinuria and interstitial fibrosis /renal atrophy (IFTA) in biopsy samples taken from kidney transplantation. <br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In total 60 patients with proteinuria from November 2013 to May 2017 in Montaseriyeh hospital, transplant center of Mashhad, Iran were investigated. For all patients, Biopsy of kidney transplantation was performed. Then, the relationship between proteinuria and IFTA was evaluated. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>Among 60 patients 25% had nephrotic range and 75% had sub- nephrotic range proteinuria. According to the severity of fibrosis we divided the patients into three categories: mild (IFTA40). The prevalence of IFTA was mild in 57.8%, moderate in 32.8% and severe in 9.4%. According to the results of this study, there were relationships between amount of proteinuria and severity of fibrosis. Patients with nephrotic range proteinuria had more fibrosis (P<0.005). <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding the symptoms associated with fibrosis in transplanted kidney, may be useful in early diagnosis of development of fibrosis.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Evaluating the average risk of cardiovascular disease in employees over 30 years of age in Shariati hospital in Mashhad in 1397Evaluating the average risk of cardiovascular disease in employees over 30 years of age in Shariati hospital in Mashhad in 1397129413011347410.22038/mjms.2019.13474FAZahra KharghaniSpecialist in occupational medicine and occupational diseases0000-0002-8078-0435Mohamad Reza HoseinalizadeCardiologist of Shariati Hospital in MashhadAliakbar IlatiUrology Specialist, Shariati Hospital Mashhad HospitalSamira Yaghoubiccupational Health Expert at Shariati Hospital in MashhadJournal Article20190103<strong>Introduction:</strong> Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important causes of mortality in the world. Therefore, our goal in this study was to evaluate the average risk of cardiovascular disease in employees over 30 years of age in Shariati hospital in Mashhad in 1397. <br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this descriptive cross-sectional study, random sampling was used to select the samples. After obtaining written consent from the subjects, information was collected using a demographic questionnaire and anthropometric indicators. The software was designed for estimating the average risk level and SPSS V18 software was used to analyze the data. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>Of 181 subjects in this study, 105 (58%) men and 76 (42%) women, the mean age was 1.39 and the mean BMI was 25.5. Triglyceride and age, cholesterol with weight, body mass index and age, cytological hypertension with height, body mass index and age, diastolic blood pressure with height, fasting blood glucose, body mass index and age were positively correlated . all subjects had a less than 10% for a risk of heart and brain disease. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study showed that the mean of cardiovascular and cardiovascular disease risk was lower than 10% in subjects under study.<strong>Introduction:</strong> Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important causes of mortality in the world. Therefore, our goal in this study was to evaluate the average risk of cardiovascular disease in employees over 30 years of age in Shariati hospital in Mashhad in 1397. <br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this descriptive cross-sectional study, random sampling was used to select the samples. After obtaining written consent from the subjects, information was collected using a demographic questionnaire and anthropometric indicators. The software was designed for estimating the average risk level and SPSS V18 software was used to analyze the data. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>Of 181 subjects in this study, 105 (58%) men and 76 (42%) women, the mean age was 1.39 and the mean BMI was 25.5. Triglyceride and age, cholesterol with weight, body mass index and age, cytological hypertension with height, body mass index and age, diastolic blood pressure with height, fasting blood glucose, body mass index and age were positively correlated . all subjects had a less than 10% for a risk of heart and brain disease. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study showed that the mean of cardiovascular and cardiovascular disease risk was lower than 10% in subjects under study.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Compare the density of white and gray matter of the brain, cognitive function and some physical fitness factors in active and low active elderly womenCompare the density of white and gray matter of the brain, cognitive function and some physical fitness factors in active and low active elderly women130313131348510.22038/mjms.2019.13485FASomaye TahmasebiMSc Student, Department of Physiology of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, IranMohamad Reza HamediniaProfessor of Physiology Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran0000-0002-1274-9153Roya AskariAssistant Professor of Physiology of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran0000- 0003-4331-2293Morteza HajiniaPhD student, Department of Physiology of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, IranReza JalliAssociate Professor of Radiology Dept., Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20180626<strong>Introduction:</strong> The purpose of this study was to compare the white and gray matter of the brain, cognitive function and some physical fitness factors active and low active elderly women. <br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population was the elderly of the members of the Jahanideh Shahr club. Among them, 25 elderly women aged 60-86 years were volunteered (average height 155.63 cm, weight 65.64 kg, and BMI 28.27 kg / m2).. Subjects completed the Mental Status Questionnaire (Feltin et al., 1975) for assessing dementia and measuring cognitive performance score. MRI images were obtained from the subjects to examine the white matter and gray matter content. The analysis of the images was done by Voxel-based morphometric method (Ashbourne and Fristo 1997). In addition, physical activity score of Beck (Baecke & et al 1982) was measured and the subjects were divided Purposefully into active and low active groups. Functional tests of upper and lower muscular endurance and strength and lower extremity flexibility were performed. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference between the two groups (active and low active) in density of the white and gray matter of the brain and the cognitive performance score. However, the mean score of physical activity and physical fitness indices, muscular endurance, upper strength and upper flexibility in the active group was significantly more than that of the low active group. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no difference between the two active and non-active groups in white matter and gray matter of the whole brain. However, if there was a possibility of a regional comparison between the components of the brain, probably, a significant difference could be observed.<strong>Introduction:</strong> The purpose of this study was to compare the white and gray matter of the brain, cognitive function and some physical fitness factors active and low active elderly women. <br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population was the elderly of the members of the Jahanideh Shahr club. Among them, 25 elderly women aged 60-86 years were volunteered (average height 155.63 cm, weight 65.64 kg, and BMI 28.27 kg / m2).. Subjects completed the Mental Status Questionnaire (Feltin et al., 1975) for assessing dementia and measuring cognitive performance score. MRI images were obtained from the subjects to examine the white matter and gray matter content. The analysis of the images was done by Voxel-based morphometric method (Ashbourne and Fristo 1997). In addition, physical activity score of Beck (Baecke & et al 1982) was measured and the subjects were divided Purposefully into active and low active groups. Functional tests of upper and lower muscular endurance and strength and lower extremity flexibility were performed. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference between the two groups (active and low active) in density of the white and gray matter of the brain and the cognitive performance score. However, the mean score of physical activity and physical fitness indices, muscular endurance, upper strength and upper flexibility in the active group was significantly more than that of the low active group. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no difference between the two active and non-active groups in white matter and gray matter of the whole brain. However, if there was a possibility of a regional comparison between the components of the brain, probably, a significant difference could be observed.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Evaluation of Medication Errors in Internal Wards of Imam Sajjad Ramsar Hospital In 2017 Spring and SummerEvaluation of Medication Errors in Internal Wards of Imam Sajjad Ramsar Hospital In 2017 Spring and Summer131413221348610.22038/mjms.2019.13486FANematollah AhangarAssociate Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran0000-0001-7712-8537Setareh Ghorbanian KhorshidiPharmacist, Student Researches Committee, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, IranShahram ALaProfessor of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy,Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranJournal Article20180609<strong>Introduction:</strong> Drug errors are a potentially hazardous occurrence that can be used in the treatment systems as one of the challenges and criteria for patient safety assessment. In this study, some of the main medication errors were evaluated in internal wards of Ramsar Imam Sajjad Hospital. <br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This was a descriptive prospective cross- sectional study. Subjects were including 200 files of patients hospitalized in internal wards of Imam Sajjad hospital between March and September 2017. Gathered data were including demographic data obtained from patient’s file, drug orders documented in patient’ s file and drug orders transferred to patient’s drug cardex. Medscape was used for evaluating of any drug interactions. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1888 prescribing were noted from 112 different drugs, in overall 200 investigated files, 166 cases of drug interaction were noted. There was significant relationship between number of drug use and hospitalization period with detection of drug interaction (p<0.05). Of 1720 registered orders, 223 medication errors occurred by the physicians and 36 errors by the nurses in drug transcription and administration. Physicians’ contribution in medication error was more (86.1 %). Nurses ’contribution in transcription error and drug order running was 13.9 %. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Appropriate feedback of results of the present study could be effective and valuable in reducing medication error.<strong>Introduction:</strong> Drug errors are a potentially hazardous occurrence that can be used in the treatment systems as one of the challenges and criteria for patient safety assessment. In this study, some of the main medication errors were evaluated in internal wards of Ramsar Imam Sajjad Hospital. <br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This was a descriptive prospective cross- sectional study. Subjects were including 200 files of patients hospitalized in internal wards of Imam Sajjad hospital between March and September 2017. Gathered data were including demographic data obtained from patient’s file, drug orders documented in patient’ s file and drug orders transferred to patient’s drug cardex. Medscape was used for evaluating of any drug interactions. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1888 prescribing were noted from 112 different drugs, in overall 200 investigated files, 166 cases of drug interaction were noted. There was significant relationship between number of drug use and hospitalization period with detection of drug interaction (p<0.05). Of 1720 registered orders, 223 medication errors occurred by the physicians and 36 errors by the nurses in drug transcription and administration. Physicians’ contribution in medication error was more (86.1 %). Nurses ’contribution in transcription error and drug order running was 13.9 %. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Appropriate feedback of results of the present study could be effective and valuable in reducing medication error.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA and A rare and severe dystrophic and congenital case.EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA and A rare and severe dystrophic and congenital case.132313271348910.22038/mjms.2019.13489FAMahmood FarhodiProfessor of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAli MokhtarifarAssociate Professor of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMohamad FarhodiGeneral Practitioner, Iran University of Medical SciencesJournal Article20190715<strong>Abstract</strong> <br /><strong>Definition: </strong>Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of acquired or inherited mechanobullous skin disorder, characterized by blister formation in response to physical traumas and hot weather. They differ according to severity, clinical feature, prognosis, histology and heredity pattern. <br /><strong>Case report:</strong> Miss J is a 24 years old girl. She was admitted at Emam-Reza hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran due to confusion, severe anemia, respiratory distress, sepsis, general weakness and generalized skin bullae. The skin bullae have appeared since the third day of her life. The patient looks like a severely pale small child. Her body weight was 24 kg and her physical growth was far less than her chronological age. Her skin biopsy was compatible with epidermolysis bullosa. Her general feature improved after administration of fluid, blood products and wide spectrum antibiotics. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> While the patients might have life threatening medical problems, physicians should be familiar with manifestations and treatment of rare and severe cases of epidermolysis bullosa. <br /><strong> Key word: </strong>Epidermolysis bullosa,Dystrophic type, Gastrointestinal<strong>Abstract</strong> <br /><strong>Definition: </strong>Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of acquired or inherited mechanobullous skin disorder, characterized by blister formation in response to physical traumas and hot weather. They differ according to severity, clinical feature, prognosis, histology and heredity pattern. <br /><strong>Case report:</strong> Miss J is a 24 years old girl. She was admitted at Emam-Reza hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran due to confusion, severe anemia, respiratory distress, sepsis, general weakness and generalized skin bullae. The skin bullae have appeared since the third day of her life. The patient looks like a severely pale small child. Her body weight was 24 kg and her physical growth was far less than her chronological age. Her skin biopsy was compatible with epidermolysis bullosa. Her general feature improved after administration of fluid, blood products and wide spectrum antibiotics. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> While the patients might have life threatening medical problems, physicians should be familiar with manifestations and treatment of rare and severe cases of epidermolysis bullosa. <br /><strong> Key word: </strong>Epidermolysis bullosa,Dystrophic type, Gastrointestinalmedical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Study of glycemic control type effects in hospital prognosis of diabetic patients with acute Coronary syndromeStudy of glycemic control type effects in hospital prognosis of diabetic patients with acute Coronary syndrome132813401349010.22038/mjms.2019.13490FAAlireza AbdollahiAssociate Professor of Cardiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-7072-8190Hoda Raffiei JelodarMedical Student, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20181219<strong>Abstract:</strong> <br /><strong>Introduction</strong>: Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients is more than general population and its adverse events are more common, though multiple different protocol of glucose control in acute coronary syndrome were proposed , in this study two different protocol of controlling blood sugar level for decreasing hospital adverse events were compared. <br /><strong>Method</strong>: <br />200 diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome in Imam Reza Cardiology Department after 48 hours insulin therapy randomly divided in to two groups: intensive control, in this group we checked blood glucose level before meal and two hours post prandial (6 times a day) and insulin depending on chart with target fasting glucose70-110 mg/dl and two hours post prandial lower than 180 mg/dl. second group was conventional control with checking fasting blood glucose level daily, with using the diabetes treatment like before admission with target of fasting glucose 70-130 mg/dl. All patients have been visited daily and major adverse cardiac (MACE) events were recorded. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: <br />Overall 12% of all patients had recurrent ischemia (10% of intensive group versus 14% in conventional group, p=0.0514), Reinfarction in one patient of conventional group (p=1.000), arrhythmia in 5 patients (2.5%), 3 patients (3%) of conventional group versus 2 patients(2%) of intensive group (p=1.000), ventricular dysfunction in 85% of patients, 84 patients (84%) of intensive group versus 86 patients (86%) of conventional group (p=0.843) <br />and intra hospital mortality rate was 4%, 5 patients (5%) in conventional versus 3 patients (3%) in intensive group, (p=0.721). <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> depending on the study we didn’t find any significant differences in major adverse cardiac events in two groups . <br /><strong> </strong><strong>Abstract:</strong> <br /><strong>Introduction</strong>: Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients is more than general population and its adverse events are more common, though multiple different protocol of glucose control in acute coronary syndrome were proposed , in this study two different protocol of controlling blood sugar level for decreasing hospital adverse events were compared. <br /><strong>Method</strong>: <br />200 diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome in Imam Reza Cardiology Department after 48 hours insulin therapy randomly divided in to two groups: intensive control, in this group we checked blood glucose level before meal and two hours post prandial (6 times a day) and insulin depending on chart with target fasting glucose70-110 mg/dl and two hours post prandial lower than 180 mg/dl. second group was conventional control with checking fasting blood glucose level daily, with using the diabetes treatment like before admission with target of fasting glucose 70-130 mg/dl. All patients have been visited daily and major adverse cardiac (MACE) events were recorded. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: <br />Overall 12% of all patients had recurrent ischemia (10% of intensive group versus 14% in conventional group, p=0.0514), Reinfarction in one patient of conventional group (p=1.000), arrhythmia in 5 patients (2.5%), 3 patients (3%) of conventional group versus 2 patients(2%) of intensive group (p=1.000), ventricular dysfunction in 85% of patients, 84 patients (84%) of intensive group versus 86 patients (86%) of conventional group (p=0.843) <br />and intra hospital mortality rate was 4%, 5 patients (5%) in conventional versus 3 patients (3%) in intensive group, (p=0.721). <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> depending on the study we didn’t find any significant differences in major adverse cardiac events in two groups . <br /><strong> </strong>medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Efficacy of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on the Infertility Stress and Depression in the Infertile CouplesEfficacy of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on the Infertility Stress and Depression in the Infertile Couples312731361796210.22038/mjms.2021.17962FAMaryam StarabadiAssistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, IranAzita AmirfakhraeiAssistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.0000-0001-3312-3324Keramat KeramatiShahid Beheshti Campus, Bandar Abbas Branch, Bandar Abbas, Iran.Abdolvahab SamaviDepartment of Humanities, Hormozgan University, Iran.Journal Article20210505<strong>Abstract</strong><br /><strong>Background and purpose:</strong> Infertility is among the most important challenges in the modern life that some of the couples are entangled with and their psychological and emotional health is damaged as the result of it. Therefore, the present study was investigated aiming to investigate the efficacy of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapyand infertility stress and depression on the infertile women.<br /><strong>Material and methods:</strong> The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the study included infertile couples who referred to the department of wellbeing in the city of Bandar Abbas in the winter of 2019. 30 infertile couples were selected through voluntary method and they were randomly accommodated in the experimental and control groups (each group of 15 couples). The experimental group received eight ninety-minute sessions of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapyintervention (Halfourd, 2005). The applied questionnaires in this study included depression questionnaire (Beck, et.al, 1996) and infertility stress (Newton et.al, 1999). The data were analyzed through MANCOVA method.<br /><strong>Findings:</strong> The results MANCOVA showed that Cognitive- Behavioral Therapyon infertility stress and depression have been effective in infertile couples, as this therapy succeeded in the decrease of infertility stress and depression in these couples.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that Cognitive- Behavioral Therapycan be applied as an Pursuit of automatic thoughts to identify fundamental beliefs, teach behavioral methods and cognitive errors and negative thoughts.<strong>Abstract</strong><br /><strong>Background and purpose:</strong> Infertility is among the most important challenges in the modern life that some of the couples are entangled with and their psychological and emotional health is damaged as the result of it. Therefore, the present study was investigated aiming to investigate the efficacy of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapyand infertility stress and depression on the infertile women.<br /><strong>Material and methods:</strong> The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the study included infertile couples who referred to the department of wellbeing in the city of Bandar Abbas in the winter of 2019. 30 infertile couples were selected through voluntary method and they were randomly accommodated in the experimental and control groups (each group of 15 couples). The experimental group received eight ninety-minute sessions of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapyintervention (Halfourd, 2005). The applied questionnaires in this study included depression questionnaire (Beck, et.al, 1996) and infertility stress (Newton et.al, 1999). The data were analyzed through MANCOVA method.<br /><strong>Findings:</strong> The results MANCOVA showed that Cognitive- Behavioral Therapyon infertility stress and depression have been effective in infertile couples, as this therapy succeeded in the decrease of infertility stress and depression in these couples.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that Cognitive- Behavioral Therapycan be applied as an Pursuit of automatic thoughts to identify fundamental beliefs, teach behavioral methods and cognitive errors and negative thoughts.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Effect of 12 weeks Resistance training on heart’s structure characteristics
in elderly womenEffect of 12 weeks Resistance training on heart’s structure characteristics
in elderly women191419241577610.22038/mjms.2020.15776FALida GhoredanPhD Student of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9007-633XSedigheh Hosseinpour DelavarAssistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.0000-0002-8589-1337Vahic Tadibi0000-0003-4560-5006Naser BehpourAssociate Professor, Department of exercise physiology, Faculty of sports sciences, Razi university, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0003-1922-0604Journal Article20200601<strong>Abstract</strong><br /><strong>Introduction:</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate the Effect of 12 weeks Resistance training on heart’s functional and structural characteristics in elderly women. <br /><strong>Methods: </strong>The research method was quasi-experimental and the research design was pre-test, post-test, follow up with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of elderly in Kermanshah Welfare Center. The sampling method was purposive and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria among 60-65 years old women. 27 persons were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Echocardiography was used to measure heart structure. Repeated measurement test was used to determine the effectiveness of exercise and Bonferroni test was used at the P≤0.05 level. All calculations were performed using SPSS 24 software. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The results showed that in all structural variables, the difference between pre-test and post-test was significant in the experimental group (p <0.001). Due to the difference in the means, scores from pre-test to post-test increased. There was also a significant difference between the mean post-test and follow-up of the experimental group (p <0.001). Also in all structural variables, the difference between pre-test and post-test in control group was not significant (p = 1.000). Due to the difference in the means, pre-test to post-test scores did not change significantly. (05 /0≤p). <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that 12 weeks of resistance training had a significant effect on the structural parameters of the heart of elderly women.<strong>Abstract</strong><br /><strong>Introduction:</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate the Effect of 12 weeks Resistance training on heart’s functional and structural characteristics in elderly women. <br /><strong>Methods: </strong>The research method was quasi-experimental and the research design was pre-test, post-test, follow up with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of elderly in Kermanshah Welfare Center. The sampling method was purposive and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria among 60-65 years old women. 27 persons were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Echocardiography was used to measure heart structure. Repeated measurement test was used to determine the effectiveness of exercise and Bonferroni test was used at the P≤0.05 level. All calculations were performed using SPSS 24 software. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The results showed that in all structural variables, the difference between pre-test and post-test was significant in the experimental group (p <0.001). Due to the difference in the means, scores from pre-test to post-test increased. There was also a significant difference between the mean post-test and follow-up of the experimental group (p <0.001). Also in all structural variables, the difference between pre-test and post-test in control group was not significant (p = 1.000). Due to the difference in the means, pre-test to post-test scores did not change significantly. (05 /0≤p). <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that 12 weeks of resistance training had a significant effect on the structural parameters of the heart of elderly women.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Development and Validation of Teaching Pattern for Various Types of Teaching Content in Primary SchoolDevelopment and Validation of Teaching Pattern for Various Types of Teaching Content in Primary School1892910.22038/mjms.2021.18929FAHassan ShareiyatPh.D. student of teaching technology , psychology and educational science faculty , Allameh Tabatabaee university, Tehran, Iran and the head of primary school teaching office of education department in Qom0000-0003-3330-4839Ismail Zaraii ZavarakiAssociate Professor of Educational Technology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-3312-1723Khadijeh Ali AbadiPhD Student in Educational Technology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.Ali DelavarProfessor of Research and Statistics, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20211013<strong>Introduction and purpose</strong>: Teachers 'teaching methods play an irreplaceable role in students' learning process. Accordingly, the present study aims to determine the components and framework of teaching pattern of primary school based on the teaching content to develop the lesson study model and estimate its internal validity.<br /><strong>Material and</strong> <strong>Methods</strong>: The research method was mixed exploratory. In qualitative phase, the inductive content analysis was used to obtain the teaching pattern, and in the quantitative phase, the survey method was utilized for estimating internal validity. The statistical population of the qualitative phase comprised written resources and the teaching videos of selected projects of lesson study planning and the quantitative phase comprised experts and professors of lesson study and teaching method of primary school books. In both phases, samples were selected purposefully. In qualitative phase, 124 selected videos of teaching the lesson study project in a four year interval ( from 2015 to 2016 and from 2018 to 2019) were analyzed. In quantitative phase, 34 experts and professors of teaching method of textbooks and teaching method in universities were selected. The qualitative data were collected by analyzing the content of resources and selected videos and the quantitative data were collected by the research-made questionnaire.<br /><strong>Findings</strong>: The result of content analysis revealed seven types of content and the conceptual pattern was proposed and the videos were classified accordingly. Following content analysis and code extraction, components were extracted and presented in form of pattern of teaching steps appropriate for various content.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Results from internal validation revealed that the proposed teaching pattern has high internal validity and is appropriate for teaching primary school students.<strong>Introduction and purpose</strong>: Teachers 'teaching methods play an irreplaceable role in students' learning process. Accordingly, the present study aims to determine the components and framework of teaching pattern of primary school based on the teaching content to develop the lesson study model and estimate its internal validity.<br /><strong>Material and</strong> <strong>Methods</strong>: The research method was mixed exploratory. In qualitative phase, the inductive content analysis was used to obtain the teaching pattern, and in the quantitative phase, the survey method was utilized for estimating internal validity. The statistical population of the qualitative phase comprised written resources and the teaching videos of selected projects of lesson study planning and the quantitative phase comprised experts and professors of lesson study and teaching method of primary school books. In both phases, samples were selected purposefully. In qualitative phase, 124 selected videos of teaching the lesson study project in a four year interval ( from 2015 to 2016 and from 2018 to 2019) were analyzed. In quantitative phase, 34 experts and professors of teaching method of textbooks and teaching method in universities were selected. The qualitative data were collected by analyzing the content of resources and selected videos and the quantitative data were collected by the research-made questionnaire.<br /><strong>Findings</strong>: The result of content analysis revealed seven types of content and the conceptual pattern was proposed and the videos were classified accordingly. Following content analysis and code extraction, components were extracted and presented in form of pattern of teaching steps appropriate for various content.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Results from internal validation revealed that the proposed teaching pattern has high internal validity and is appropriate for teaching primary school students.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121The effectiveness of commitment-based group therapy and acceptance on improving self-esteem and reducing the loneliness of adolescent girls living in orphanagesThe effectiveness of commitment-based group therapy and acceptance on improving self-esteem and reducing the loneliness of adolescent girls living in orphanages1825110.22038/mjms.2020.18251FAMaryam GHavamiDepartment of Psychology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qucahn, IranMohammad Ebrahim HokmabadiDepartment of Psychology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, IranNader MonirpoorDepartment of Psychology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, IranJournal Article20210621<strong>Abstract</strong><br /><strong>Introduction</strong>: Considering the destructive effects of the experiences of abused and abused children and adolescents on various aspects of their mental health, it is important to examine the factors and interventions that affect the psychological well-being of this vulnerable group. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment to increase self-esteem and reduce the loneliness of adolescent girls living in the university.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: The statistical population included all female adolescents living in Mashhad orphanages, and according to the criteria for entering the research, 30 statistical population were selected using targeted sampling method. The members were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The tools used in this study were the Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Questionnaire and the Single Feeling Questionnaire (Dehshiri et al., 2008) which were performed on the sample in two stages of pre-test and post-test. The members of the experimental group underwent 8 minutes of 90-minute sessions under the auspices of the ACT group.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The results of the studies showed that group therapy based on acceptance and commitment has been able to significantly improve self-esteem and reduce the feeling of loneliness in the members of the experimental group compared to the members of the control group.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: These findings indicate the importance of paying attention to emotional structures in malnourished and homeless adolescents and that by developing some therapeutic interventions, their psychological well-being can be helped.<strong>Abstract</strong><br /><strong>Introduction</strong>: Considering the destructive effects of the experiences of abused and abused children and adolescents on various aspects of their mental health, it is important to examine the factors and interventions that affect the psychological well-being of this vulnerable group. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment to increase self-esteem and reduce the loneliness of adolescent girls living in the university.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: The statistical population included all female adolescents living in Mashhad orphanages, and according to the criteria for entering the research, 30 statistical population were selected using targeted sampling method. The members were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The tools used in this study were the Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Questionnaire and the Single Feeling Questionnaire (Dehshiri et al., 2008) which were performed on the sample in two stages of pre-test and post-test. The members of the experimental group underwent 8 minutes of 90-minute sessions under the auspices of the ACT group.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The results of the studies showed that group therapy based on acceptance and commitment has been able to significantly improve self-esteem and reduce the feeling of loneliness in the members of the experimental group compared to the members of the control group.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: These findings indicate the importance of paying attention to emotional structures in malnourished and homeless adolescents and that by developing some therapeutic interventions, their psychological well-being can be helped.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Evidence-based management in the field of health (Case study: Tehran's public hospitals)Evidence-based management in the field of health (Case study: Tehran's public hospitals)1727410.22038/mjms.2020.17274FABehnaz Amouzegar ShahidiPhD student in Public Administration, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh, IranMajid Jahangir FardDepartment of Public Administration, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh, Iran11111111111111111111Niloofar Iman KhanBusiness Management Department, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh, IranSedighe TootianDepartment of Public Administration, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20201226The most important issue in evidence-based management is decision-making based on facts, and another issue is the storage of documentation of errors made during the work. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to provide a systematic model of implementation of evidence-based management in the field of health in Tehran. In terms of purpose, the present study is of applied type and in terms of data collection, a combination of qualitative and quantitative (mixed) methods was used. The statistical population was selected as the sample size in the qualitative section of the experts in the field of management, organizational behavior management and managers in the field of health, and with the purposeful method and snowball, 9 people were selected. The statistical population in the quantitative research section includes all managers and deputies of different departments of public hospitals in Tehran, the number of which is equal to 290 people. A simple randomization of 170 people was used to analyze the data using Grand Theory, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmation Factor Analysis, and Structural Equation and PLS 2 software. The results showed that the dimensions of the model include causal and contextual conditions, strategies, output, consequences and processes, and the model used in the present study was well-suited.The most important issue in evidence-based management is decision-making based on facts, and another issue is the storage of documentation of errors made during the work. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to provide a systematic model of implementation of evidence-based management in the field of health in Tehran. In terms of purpose, the present study is of applied type and in terms of data collection, a combination of qualitative and quantitative (mixed) methods was used. The statistical population was selected as the sample size in the qualitative section of the experts in the field of management, organizational behavior management and managers in the field of health, and with the purposeful method and snowball, 9 people were selected. The statistical population in the quantitative research section includes all managers and deputies of different departments of public hospitals in Tehran, the number of which is equal to 290 people. A simple randomization of 170 people was used to analyze the data using Grand Theory, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmation Factor Analysis, and Structural Equation and PLS 2 software. The results showed that the dimensions of the model include causal and contextual conditions, strategies, output, consequences and processes, and the model used in the present study was well-suited.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121The effectiveness of parenting skills model based on conversational skills in increasing empathy and understanding the parent-child relationship (reducing intergenerational gap) in high school students in public schools in district (1) of Urmia cityThe effectiveness of parenting skills model based on conversational skills in increasing empathy and understanding the parent-child relationship (reducing intergenerational gap) in high school students in public schools in district (1) of Urmia city221122231849910.22038/mjms.2021.18499FAMohammad Mehdi Majlisi AzarPhilosophy of Education, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, IranKhalil GhaffariDepartment of Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Aligudarz Branch, Iran0000-0003-0035-1882Faezeh NateghiDepartment of Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, IranJournal Article20210809Introduction: The relationship between parents and children is one of the important issues that has attracted the attention of experts and specialists in education for many years. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of educational model for parents based on acquiring conversational skills in order to increase the perception and empathy of the parent-child relationship (reduction of intergenerational gap) in their adolescent children.<br />Methods: The present study is quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The experimental and control groups were assigned. The instruments used in this study were the Parent-Child Fine Relationship Perception (PCRS) Questionnaire and Davis Empathy. The experimental group received 8 one-hour sessions of conversational skills training.<br />Results: The hypothesis test showed that the mother's parent's familiarity with conversational skills only improved the components of positive emotion and communication in perceiving the parent-child relationship, but the mother's parent's familiarity with conversational skills had no significant effect on any of the components of empathy in their adolescent children.<br />Conclusion: Familiarity of the parent with the skill of talking about the component of positive emotions from the perception of the parent-child relationship actually shows that due to the increasing psychological and mood disorders in children and adolescents, the mother's relationship, which is always a source of love for children. will find. Familiarity of the parent with the skill of conversation has an effect on increasing the component of communication in understanding the parent-child relationship.Introduction: The relationship between parents and children is one of the important issues that has attracted the attention of experts and specialists in education for many years. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of educational model for parents based on acquiring conversational skills in order to increase the perception and empathy of the parent-child relationship (reduction of intergenerational gap) in their adolescent children.<br />Methods: The present study is quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The experimental and control groups were assigned. The instruments used in this study were the Parent-Child Fine Relationship Perception (PCRS) Questionnaire and Davis Empathy. The experimental group received 8 one-hour sessions of conversational skills training.<br />Results: The hypothesis test showed that the mother's parent's familiarity with conversational skills only improved the components of positive emotion and communication in perceiving the parent-child relationship, but the mother's parent's familiarity with conversational skills had no significant effect on any of the components of empathy in their adolescent children.<br />Conclusion: Familiarity of the parent with the skill of talking about the component of positive emotions from the perception of the parent-child relationship actually shows that due to the increasing psychological and mood disorders in children and adolescents, the mother's relationship, which is always a source of love for children. will find. Familiarity of the parent with the skill of conversation has an effect on increasing the component of communication in understanding the parent-child relationship.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Presenting a model of elementary school math curriculum with a mobile learning approachPresenting a model of elementary school math curriculum with a mobile learning approach1923310.22038/mjms.2020.19233FAFateme KhodabakhshiPhD Student, Department of Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.Alireza AssarehProfessor of Curriculum Development, Department of Education of Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding Author)Elahe Amini FarProfesseor Department of Mathematical of Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.Ali Akbar KhosraviAssociate Professor of Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran.IranJournal Article20211206<strong>Introduction:</strong> New research has acknowledged the effectiveness of technology in education; Especially with unforeseen circumstances such as the Covid-19 epidemic, its use has become a necessity; The purpose of this study is to provide a model of elementary learning mathematics curriculum for mobile learning approach.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>The research method is a sequential exploratory mix (classification formulation model). To identify the factors of elementary school mathematics curriculum model with mobile learning approach using data-theory theory-systematic design and conducting interviews based on purposeful theoretical sampling, various factors in elementary school mathematics curriculum with mobile learning approach have been identified. A statistical sample was selected from the faculty members of the curriculum, teachers and curriculum planners and researchers in the field of education and planning in Tehran.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that the research model consisted of a comprehensive theme, 3 organizing themes and 10 basic themes. Organizer theme, mobile learning perspective includes basic themes of learning planning, culture improvement, attitude and goals, organizer theme of mobile education enrichment includes basic themes of learning enrichment, performance and implementation of learning, teachers' competence, tools and Methods are the interaction of people involved in training and performance appraisal includes the basic themes of evaluation and improvement of physical condition and evaluation and quality improvement.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It seems that the model can be effective in advancing the goals of education in the field of mathematics with an emphasis on mobile learning.<strong>Introduction:</strong> New research has acknowledged the effectiveness of technology in education; Especially with unforeseen circumstances such as the Covid-19 epidemic, its use has become a necessity; The purpose of this study is to provide a model of elementary learning mathematics curriculum for mobile learning approach.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>The research method is a sequential exploratory mix (classification formulation model). To identify the factors of elementary school mathematics curriculum model with mobile learning approach using data-theory theory-systematic design and conducting interviews based on purposeful theoretical sampling, various factors in elementary school mathematics curriculum with mobile learning approach have been identified. A statistical sample was selected from the faculty members of the curriculum, teachers and curriculum planners and researchers in the field of education and planning in Tehran.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that the research model consisted of a comprehensive theme, 3 organizing themes and 10 basic themes. Organizer theme, mobile learning perspective includes basic themes of learning planning, culture improvement, attitude and goals, organizer theme of mobile education enrichment includes basic themes of learning enrichment, performance and implementation of learning, teachers' competence, tools and Methods are the interaction of people involved in training and performance appraisal includes the basic themes of evaluation and improvement of physical condition and evaluation and quality improvement.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It seems that the model can be effective in advancing the goals of education in the field of mathematics with an emphasis on mobile learning.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121The Effect and Comparison of Education on Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Combination Method Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction/ MBSR and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/ tDCS in quality of life of Migraine SufferersThe Effect and Comparison of Education on Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Combination Method Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction/ MBSR and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/ tDCS in quality of life of Migraine Sufferers1785110.22038/mjms.2021.17851FAAli RozbahaniDepartment of psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran000000000000000000Hasan AhadiProfessor,Department of health psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran000000000000000Biuk TajeriDepartment of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.000000000000000000Hadi HashmiraziniAssistant Professor,Department of psychology,Kharazmi University,tehran Iran0000000000000000000Journal Article20210416<strong>Abstract</strong><br /><strong>Introduction:</strong> The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction training and the combination of mindfulness-based stress reduction and brain electrical stimulation on quality of life of migraine sufferers. <br /><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of quasi-experimental data collection. The statistical population of this study was all migraine patients 18-60 years old referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital in year 4. Finally 45 subjects were divided into three groups according to the first group mindfulness-based stress reduction training, the second group combined stress-based stress reduction method. On the consciousness associated with electrical stimulation of the brain from the skull using direct electrical current and the control group as the comparison group received unstructured training programs such as time management and review of their daily and weekly tasks. The pre-test was performed at the end of the post-test and one month after the end of the study. The subjects completed the questionnaire of quality of life. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> Findings of this study using repeated measure statistical analysis showed that mindfulness-based and combination of mindfulness-based and brain electrical stimulation compared to control group increase quality of life. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Accordingly, it can be said that mindfulness-based stress reduction training and the combination of mindfulness-based stress reduction and brain electrical stimulation can be used to enhance quality of life and improve abilities and reduce mental problems in migraine sufferers.<strong>Abstract</strong><br /><strong>Introduction:</strong> The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction training and the combination of mindfulness-based stress reduction and brain electrical stimulation on quality of life of migraine sufferers. <br /><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of quasi-experimental data collection. The statistical population of this study was all migraine patients 18-60 years old referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital in year 4. Finally 45 subjects were divided into three groups according to the first group mindfulness-based stress reduction training, the second group combined stress-based stress reduction method. On the consciousness associated with electrical stimulation of the brain from the skull using direct electrical current and the control group as the comparison group received unstructured training programs such as time management and review of their daily and weekly tasks. The pre-test was performed at the end of the post-test and one month after the end of the study. The subjects completed the questionnaire of quality of life. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> Findings of this study using repeated measure statistical analysis showed that mindfulness-based and combination of mindfulness-based and brain electrical stimulation compared to control group increase quality of life. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Accordingly, it can be said that mindfulness-based stress reduction training and the combination of mindfulness-based stress reduction and brain electrical stimulation can be used to enhance quality of life and improve abilities and reduce mental problems in migraine sufferers.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121The role of emotional fatigue caused by virtual teaching and job stress in predicting burnout of young and middle-aged teachersThe role of emotional fatigue caused by virtual teaching and job stress in predicting burnout of young and middle-aged teachers1962410.22038/mjms.2021.19624FAMansour Sotudeh BavaniAssistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Khoy Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khoy, Iran. (Corresponding Author)Journal Article20220206<strong>Introduction:</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate the role of emotional fatigue caused by virtual teaching and job stress in predicting burnout of young and middle-aged teachers.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>The research method is descriptive and co relational and the statistical population of this study consist of all primary school teachers in Khoy in 1378. According to Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table, 300 people based on stratified random sampling Were selected as a sample. Data were collected using Chen et al. (2019) Emotional Fatigue Questionnaire, Job Stress Questionnaire (HSE) and Brain Burnout Questionnaire and analyzed using multiple regression and independent t-tests.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that the emotional fatigue caused by virtual teaching with (r = 0.58) at a significant level (p <0.01) predicts burnout and teachers' job stress during the corona pandemic with (r = 0.68) at a significant level (p <0.01) predicts burnout in teachers. There was also a difference between job stress and emotional fatigue caused by virtual teaching between young and middle-aged teachers. Between the excitement of virtual teaching between young and middle-aged teachers. Therefore, all research hypotheses were confirmed.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Emotional fatigue seems to have adverse effects on teachers' condition, especially on burnout, during the Covid-19 period.<strong>Introduction:</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate the role of emotional fatigue caused by virtual teaching and job stress in predicting burnout of young and middle-aged teachers.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>The research method is descriptive and co relational and the statistical population of this study consist of all primary school teachers in Khoy in 1378. According to Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table, 300 people based on stratified random sampling Were selected as a sample. Data were collected using Chen et al. (2019) Emotional Fatigue Questionnaire, Job Stress Questionnaire (HSE) and Brain Burnout Questionnaire and analyzed using multiple regression and independent t-tests.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that the emotional fatigue caused by virtual teaching with (r = 0.58) at a significant level (p <0.01) predicts burnout and teachers' job stress during the corona pandemic with (r = 0.68) at a significant level (p <0.01) predicts burnout in teachers. There was also a difference between job stress and emotional fatigue caused by virtual teaching between young and middle-aged teachers. Between the excitement of virtual teaching between young and middle-aged teachers. Therefore, all research hypotheses were confirmed.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Emotional fatigue seems to have adverse effects on teachers' condition, especially on burnout, during the Covid-19 period.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Effectiveness of Couple Therapy Through Act Method on Hope in life and Self-Compassion in the Couples Asking for DivorceEffectiveness of Couple Therapy Through Act Method on Hope in life and Self-Compassion in the Couples Asking for Divorce299330072085910.22038/mjms.2020.46706.2707FAMaryam TajariPhD Student Counseling, Department of Psychology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran.Javad KarimiAssistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran0000-0001-5274-2532Kourosh GoodarziDepartment of Psychology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, borujerd, Iran0000-0002-3908-9175Journal Article20200221Background and purpose: The most significant factor in the family breakdown is a damage called divorce which destroys the individual, the family and the society; therefore, the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of couple therapy through ACT method on hope in life and self-compassion in the couples asking for divorce.<br />Material and methods: A multiple baseline non-concurrent experimental single case study type was used in the present study. The statistical population included all the couples referring to consultation centers in the town of Malayer in 2019. The study samples included 3 couples (6 people) with marital conflict who were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (three couples in each group). ACT protocol was administered in three stages of baseline, twelve-session intervention, and two-month follow-up and the subjects answered the questionnaires of hope in life and self-compassion three times before treatment, three times in the middle of the treatment and twice at the end of the present research. The applied questionnaires in the present study included the questionnaire of hope in life (Schneider, et.al. 1991) and the questionnaire of self-compassion (Neff, 2003). The data from the study were analyzed through visual drawing, reliable change index, and improvement percentage formula. <br />Findings: The results showed that the ACT-based couple therapy has had significant effect on the hope in life and self-compassion of the couples asking for divorce;Background and purpose: The most significant factor in the family breakdown is a damage called divorce which destroys the individual, the family and the society; therefore, the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of couple therapy through ACT method on hope in life and self-compassion in the couples asking for divorce.<br />Material and methods: A multiple baseline non-concurrent experimental single case study type was used in the present study. The statistical population included all the couples referring to consultation centers in the town of Malayer in 2019. The study samples included 3 couples (6 people) with marital conflict who were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (three couples in each group). ACT protocol was administered in three stages of baseline, twelve-session intervention, and two-month follow-up and the subjects answered the questionnaires of hope in life and self-compassion three times before treatment, three times in the middle of the treatment and twice at the end of the present research. The applied questionnaires in the present study included the questionnaire of hope in life (Schneider, et.al. 1991) and the questionnaire of self-compassion (Neff, 2003). The data from the study were analyzed through visual drawing, reliable change index, and improvement percentage formula. <br />Findings: The results showed that the ACT-based couple therapy has had significant effect on the hope in life and self-compassion of the couples asking for divorce;medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Development of sports success model with emphasis on mental and psychological factorsDevelopment of sports success model with emphasis on mental and psychological factors2121310.22038/mjms.2021.21213FASeyed Gholamreza JafariPhD student in sports management, Department of Physical Education, Borujard Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujard, Iran.Hamid ForoghipourAssistant Professor of Sports Management, Department of Physical Education, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran. (Corresponding Author)Assistant Professor of Sports Management, Department of Physical Education, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran. (Corresponding Author)Reza SabunchiAssistant Professor of Sports Management, Department of Physical Education, Borujard Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujard, Iran.Journal Article20221031<strong>Introduction:</strong> The purpose of this research was to present a practical model about the factors affecting sports success with an emphasis on mental and psychological factors.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>This research was done by MAXQDA method and through the data theory design of the foundation. The participants included 11 football experts and university professors who were selected through a combination of theoretical sampling and snowball methods for semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The validity of the findings was done through the use of knowledgeable people and written sources, transferability of research results, maximum extraction and non-duplication of data. To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding was used by MAXQDA 18 software.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results show that there are 140 conceptual codes with 7 subcategories and 2 main categories in the format of 6 dimensions including: causal factors (5), background factors (3), central category (3), strategies (8), intervening conditions (5). , the results (6) were extracted. The integration of the categories based on the existing relationships between them around the factors affecting the success of the highest scoring national football player is a paradigm model.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the results obtained from the research, it can be said that strategies such as intrapersonal factors and extrapersonal factors have consequences such as improving social status, reputation, popularity and success.<strong>Introduction:</strong> The purpose of this research was to present a practical model about the factors affecting sports success with an emphasis on mental and psychological factors.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>This research was done by MAXQDA method and through the data theory design of the foundation. The participants included 11 football experts and university professors who were selected through a combination of theoretical sampling and snowball methods for semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The validity of the findings was done through the use of knowledgeable people and written sources, transferability of research results, maximum extraction and non-duplication of data. To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding was used by MAXQDA 18 software.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results show that there are 140 conceptual codes with 7 subcategories and 2 main categories in the format of 6 dimensions including: causal factors (5), background factors (3), central category (3), strategies (8), intervening conditions (5). , the results (6) were extracted. The integration of the categories based on the existing relationships between them around the factors affecting the success of the highest scoring national football player is a paradigm model.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the results obtained from the research, it can be said that strategies such as intrapersonal factors and extrapersonal factors have consequences such as improving social status, reputation, popularity and success.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Sociological Investigation Of The Relationship Between Management Structure And Social Changes In The Field Of TourismSociological Investigation Of The Relationship Between Management Structure And Social Changes In The Field Of Tourism2153610.22038/mjms.2021.21536FAAmir GhorchianPhD in Sports Sociology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Freedom University, Tehran, Iran0000000000000000000Journal Article20221221<strong>Introduction: </strong>Today, the development of sports tourism in all national, regional and international arenas has received the attention of government and private planners. The aim of the current research was to investigate the sociological role of the management structure in the development of sports tourism in the 22 districts of Tehran city.<br /><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The current study was a mixed method study. In the qualitative stage, direct observation and interviews with the elites were conducted, and in the quantitative stage, information was collected in a prospective and systematic stratified manner. The snowball technique was used for sampling and the number of participants in the qualitative stage was 17 managers and in the quantitative stage 370 people.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The variable analysis of management structure in the standard estimation mode showed that the factor loadings of all indicators are higher than 0.05, which indicates convergent validity. The result of dividing the chi-square index by the degree of freedom is equal to 3.088, which is acceptable compared to the critical value of 5 indices.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It shows that the effective factors on the development of sports tourism that are related to the management structure are: (1) using the capabilities of the local manpower for the development of this industry (2) establishing continuous communication with neighboring cities and countries to conduct events , competitions and... ). (3) Attracting facilities and credits for development (4) Taking advantage of the opportunity of tourists' trust by developing attraction and marketing strategies (5) Holding high-profile and attractive sports events (6) Taking advantage of fun and attractive resources and places by holding various competitions. 7) Encouraging the private sector to invest in this sector and not confronting the government with it through development plans (8) trying to create coordination between different institutions involved in tourism (9) using media support for sports tourism.<strong>Introduction: </strong>Today, the development of sports tourism in all national, regional and international arenas has received the attention of government and private planners. The aim of the current research was to investigate the sociological role of the management structure in the development of sports tourism in the 22 districts of Tehran city.<br /><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The current study was a mixed method study. In the qualitative stage, direct observation and interviews with the elites were conducted, and in the quantitative stage, information was collected in a prospective and systematic stratified manner. The snowball technique was used for sampling and the number of participants in the qualitative stage was 17 managers and in the quantitative stage 370 people.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The variable analysis of management structure in the standard estimation mode showed that the factor loadings of all indicators are higher than 0.05, which indicates convergent validity. The result of dividing the chi-square index by the degree of freedom is equal to 3.088, which is acceptable compared to the critical value of 5 indices.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It shows that the effective factors on the development of sports tourism that are related to the management structure are: (1) using the capabilities of the local manpower for the development of this industry (2) establishing continuous communication with neighboring cities and countries to conduct events , competitions and... ). (3) Attracting facilities and credits for development (4) Taking advantage of the opportunity of tourists' trust by developing attraction and marketing strategies (5) Holding high-profile and attractive sports events (6) Taking advantage of fun and attractive resources and places by holding various competitions. 7) Encouraging the private sector to invest in this sector and not confronting the government with it through development plans (8) trying to create coordination between different institutions involved in tourism (9) using media support for sports tourism.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121Comparison of the effectiveness of schema-based parenting style with need-centered mind-conscious parenting style in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in single-parent familiesComparison of the effectiveness of schema-based parenting style with need-centered mind-conscious parenting style in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in single-parent families1903410.22038/mjms.2021.19034FAAli GhasemiPhD Student in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch, (Khorasgan)0000-0003-2029-7577-Seyedhamid AtashpourAssociate Professor, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan)
Branch, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-5274-1254Ilenaz SajjadianAssociate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan)0000-0003-4257-6967Journal Article20211031<strong><em>Perpuse</em></strong>: Parenting is a natural process for parents, but due to attachment style and inappropriate parenting patterns, it may not be done properly and may cause stress, anxiety and depression. Therefore, according to the theoretical framework of each parenting method, there are different styles and according to the variables of each parenting style, there is a different effectiveness. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema / need-based parenting style with mindful parenting style on reducing stress, anxiety and depression in single parents.<br /><strong><em>Method</em></strong>: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group and the statistical population was 1730 single parents in 1396 in Isfahan city. Three groups (control, schema-based / need-based training and mindfulness training) were assigned. DASS-42 questionnaire was used to measure the research variables. Duplicates were analyzed.<br /><strong><em>Results</em></strong>: Based on the results, it was found that parenting style education in both groups had a significant effect on reducing stress, depression and anxiety of single parents and this effect remained in the follow-up stage. Was.<br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong>: Considering the significant validity of schema / need-based parenting method on reducing depression, stress and anxiety of single parents, the use of this parenting method is recommended to educators, parents and mothers, especially single parents.<strong><em>Perpuse</em></strong>: Parenting is a natural process for parents, but due to attachment style and inappropriate parenting patterns, it may not be done properly and may cause stress, anxiety and depression. Therefore, according to the theoretical framework of each parenting method, there are different styles and according to the variables of each parenting style, there is a different effectiveness. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema / need-based parenting style with mindful parenting style on reducing stress, anxiety and depression in single parents.<br /><strong><em>Method</em></strong>: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group and the statistical population was 1730 single parents in 1396 in Isfahan city. Three groups (control, schema-based / need-based training and mindfulness training) were assigned. DASS-42 questionnaire was used to measure the research variables. Duplicates were analyzed.<br /><strong><em>Results</em></strong>: Based on the results, it was found that parenting style education in both groups had a significant effect on reducing stress, depression and anxiety of single parents and this effect remained in the follow-up stage. Was.<br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong>: Considering the significant validity of schema / need-based parenting method on reducing depression, stress and anxiety of single parents, the use of this parenting method is recommended to educators, parents and mothers, especially single parents.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121A Model of Factors Affecting the Success of Crowdfunding Projects in the Health FieldA Model of Factors Affecting the Success of Crowdfunding Projects in the Health Field2132010.22038/mjms.2021.21320FAMohammad YahyaeiDepartment of Management, Qom branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.Mohammad Reza PourfakharanDepartment of Accounting, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran. (Corresponding Author)Mohammad Hasan MalekiDepartment of Management, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.Hossein IzadiDepartment of Financial Management, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, tehran, IranJournal Article20221119<strong>Introduction:</strong> Financing is one of the most important challenges for entrepreneurs and businesses to start and continue their activities. The crowdfunding method is an innovative approach to attract micro capital in various projects including health. The current research seeks to provide a model of factors affecting the success of crowdfunding in the health field.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>The current research has an applied nature in terms of orientation and its methodology is quantitative. The theoretical population of the research is financing experts in the health field and crowdfunding experts. The sampling method was done in a judgmental manner according to the expertise of experts in the fields of financing and crowdfunding in health projects. The sample size in this study was equal to 10 people. Research factors were extracted through literature review and interviews with experts. In the following, two questionnaires of expert evaluation and effect evaluation were used to screen and analyze the effects of factors, respectively. These questionnaires were analyzed with two methods fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy Dematel.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> 22 factors were extracted through literature review and interviews with experts. Among the research factors, 10 factors had defuzzy values higher than 0.6 and were selected for the final analysis. The effectiveness of the remaining factors was evaluated with fuzzy Dematel. According to the net effect index, the factors of specialized consultations to entrepreneurs in the field of health, entrepreneur's education and expertise, entrepreneur's previous experiences in the field of health, environmental effects of the project and defined project quality respectively had the highest effect.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The practical proposals of the research were presented according to the most effective factors. The practical proposals of the research were: using the capacity of growth centers, science and technology parks and accelerators and FinTechs to increase the capabilities of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs' attention to specialized knowledge in the field of health and related projects, entrepreneurs' focus in advertising on previous experiences, attention to social, cultural and environmental dimensions along with economic factors for project evaluation, and definition and analysis of quality improvement indicators for health projects.<strong>Introduction:</strong> Financing is one of the most important challenges for entrepreneurs and businesses to start and continue their activities. The crowdfunding method is an innovative approach to attract micro capital in various projects including health. The current research seeks to provide a model of factors affecting the success of crowdfunding in the health field.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>The current research has an applied nature in terms of orientation and its methodology is quantitative. The theoretical population of the research is financing experts in the health field and crowdfunding experts. The sampling method was done in a judgmental manner according to the expertise of experts in the fields of financing and crowdfunding in health projects. The sample size in this study was equal to 10 people. Research factors were extracted through literature review and interviews with experts. In the following, two questionnaires of expert evaluation and effect evaluation were used to screen and analyze the effects of factors, respectively. These questionnaires were analyzed with two methods fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy Dematel.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> 22 factors were extracted through literature review and interviews with experts. Among the research factors, 10 factors had defuzzy values higher than 0.6 and were selected for the final analysis. The effectiveness of the remaining factors was evaluated with fuzzy Dematel. According to the net effect index, the factors of specialized consultations to entrepreneurs in the field of health, entrepreneur's education and expertise, entrepreneur's previous experiences in the field of health, environmental effects of the project and defined project quality respectively had the highest effect.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The practical proposals of the research were presented according to the most effective factors. The practical proposals of the research were: using the capacity of growth centers, science and technology parks and accelerators and FinTechs to increase the capabilities of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs' attention to specialized knowledge in the field of health and related projects, entrepreneurs' focus in advertising on previous experiences, attention to social, cultural and environmental dimensions along with economic factors for project evaluation, and definition and analysis of quality improvement indicators for health projects.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401361620190121The Effectiveness of Quality of Life Training on Job Motivation of Welfare Office StaffThe Effectiveness of Quality of Life Training on Job Motivation of Welfare Office Staff134113471606110.22038/mjms.2019.16061FASepideh SookiMaster of Educational Psychology, Azad University, Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, Iran.Maryam KazemiMaster of Educational Psychology, Azad University, Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20200629<strong>Abstract</strong><br /><strong>Introduction:</strong> Targeting is a proven way to improve the quality of your life.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This is an empirical study, of an empirical type, of a proposed design, guidance and budget control group. The statistical population of the research included the staff of the Welfare Office of Tehran during the academic years 97-96. The sample consisted of 2 budget employees who were selected as volunteers and tested in a two-way group with 2 other people. Experimental group of this 2-minute session on quality of life training for both groups about probability and punishment using the Hackman & Oldham Occupational Questionnaire (1975).<br /><strong>Result:</strong> After removing the pre-test effect, between the two groups in the subscale scale of job nature (28/27/87 and P = 0.001, P = 0.001), organizational climate subscale (28 = 31 97 and 1 F, P = 0.001) ) And the subscales of individual differences (28 = 595/40 and 1F, P = 0.001) there is a significant difference (P <0.01).<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>You can destroy your funds by using it Using Counseling Services: You can use your educational facilities.<strong>Abstract</strong><br /><strong>Introduction:</strong> Targeting is a proven way to improve the quality of your life.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This is an empirical study, of an empirical type, of a proposed design, guidance and budget control group. The statistical population of the research included the staff of the Welfare Office of Tehran during the academic years 97-96. The sample consisted of 2 budget employees who were selected as volunteers and tested in a two-way group with 2 other people. Experimental group of this 2-minute session on quality of life training for both groups about probability and punishment using the Hackman & Oldham Occupational Questionnaire (1975).<br /><strong>Result:</strong> After removing the pre-test effect, between the two groups in the subscale scale of job nature (28/27/87 and P = 0.001, P = 0.001), organizational climate subscale (28 = 31 97 and 1 F, P = 0.001) ) And the subscales of individual differences (28 = 595/40 and 1F, P = 0.001) there is a significant difference (P <0.01).<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>You can destroy your funds by using it Using Counseling Services: You can use your educational facilities.