medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401356220130522Evaluation of Serum Cardiac “Troponin I” in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)Evaluation of Serum Cardiac “Troponin I” in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)727684510.22038/mjms.2013.845FAFariba RezaeetalabAssociate professor of pulmonary disease, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranAfsoon FazlinejadAssociate professor of Cardiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMohammadTaghi ShakeriAssociate professor of Vital Statistics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-8287-9594Journal Article20130625<em>Introduction</em> <br />Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a limiting air flow disease that does not cure completely, and is estimated that will be the third cause of death until 2020. COPD exacerbation is the main cause of reception of patients with status COPD in hospitals. Life quality in patients with COPD is related to frequency of attacks. Biomarkers such as serum cardiac troponin I, like cardiac diseases, may become positive in COPD during acute attacks and may have a prognostic role in patients admitted due to COPD. <br /><em>Materials and Methods </em><br />Patients with COPD exacerbation presented and admitted in Imam Reza hospital and Research center of pulmonary diseases from Jan 2010 to Mar 2011enrolled for our study. Sample size was determined as non-randomized, simple and available and was estimated 72 patients. <br /><em>Results </em><br />In our patients, cardiac troponin I did not have any relationship with sex or age, mean arterial blood CO2, and FEV1, but mean arterial blood O2 in patients with negative cardiac troponin I, was 44.40±10.25 and in patients with positive cardiac troponin I, was 50.97±15.77 mmHg, that had significant difference (p=0.03). <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />In positive cardiac troponin I patients, arterial blood O2 was more than patients with negative cardiac troponin I; that may be due to prescription of more oxygen due to worse clinical status.<em>Introduction</em> <br />Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a limiting air flow disease that does not cure completely, and is estimated that will be the third cause of death until 2020. COPD exacerbation is the main cause of reception of patients with status COPD in hospitals. Life quality in patients with COPD is related to frequency of attacks. Biomarkers such as serum cardiac troponin I, like cardiac diseases, may become positive in COPD during acute attacks and may have a prognostic role in patients admitted due to COPD. <br /><em>Materials and Methods </em><br />Patients with COPD exacerbation presented and admitted in Imam Reza hospital and Research center of pulmonary diseases from Jan 2010 to Mar 2011enrolled for our study. Sample size was determined as non-randomized, simple and available and was estimated 72 patients. <br /><em>Results </em><br />In our patients, cardiac troponin I did not have any relationship with sex or age, mean arterial blood CO2, and FEV1, but mean arterial blood O2 in patients with negative cardiac troponin I, was 44.40±10.25 and in patients with positive cardiac troponin I, was 50.97±15.77 mmHg, that had significant difference (p=0.03). <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />In positive cardiac troponin I patients, arterial blood O2 was more than patients with negative cardiac troponin I; that may be due to prescription of more oxygen due to worse clinical status.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401356220130522The Effect of Diet and Physical Activity on Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary SyndromeThe Effect of Diet and Physical Activity on Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome778484610.22038/mjms.2013.846FAZahra Mehdizadeh TourzaniMSc of Midwifery, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, IranMani MirfeiziAssistant professor of Midwifery, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, IranSeyedeh Zahra MirfeiziAssistant Professor of Romatology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMohammad Asghari JafarabadiAssistant Professor of Biostatistics, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Faculty of Health and Nutrition,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranShahla HojatAssistant professor of exercise physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, IranJournal Article20130625<em>Introduction</em> <br />Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women before menopause. However, changing the life style is mentioned as the first line of therapeutic strategy; the researches have shown the different results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a conducted program based on diet and physical activity on clinical and laboratory characteristics of obese PCOS women. <br /><em>Materials and </em><em>Methods</em> <br />Fifty women with PCOS randomly divided into two groups. The intervention plan consisted of a 12-week exercise and diet program for one of the group, while the other did not receive such interventions. Participant’s characteristics including demographic, menstrual status, clinical characteristics of hyper-androgenemia, as well as biochemical, hormonal and abdominal ultra-sonography data were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after intervention. <br /><em>Results</em> <br />The mean (Standard deviation) of age and body mass index (BMI) were 25.9 (4.13) year, 22.11 (3.96) year and 31.4 (4.85) kg/m<sup>2</sup> and 28.81 (3.81) kg/m<sup>2</sup> in experimental and control groups respectively. There were significant differences between experimental and control groups for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (p=0.01), total testosterone (p=0.005), free testosterone (p=0.004), estradiol (p=0.03), sex- hormone bounding globulin (SHBG), triiodotyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and TSH (p=0.001), 17 hydroxy progesterone and triglycerides (p=0.03), total cholesterol (p=0.05), BMI (p=0.03), the ultrasound exam, oligomenorrhea, hirsutism and acne (p <0.001) and alopecia (p=0.01). <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />Regular exercise and dietary intervention can be recommended as non-pharmacological interventions to PCOS patients<em>Introduction</em> <br />Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women before menopause. However, changing the life style is mentioned as the first line of therapeutic strategy; the researches have shown the different results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a conducted program based on diet and physical activity on clinical and laboratory characteristics of obese PCOS women. <br /><em>Materials and </em><em>Methods</em> <br />Fifty women with PCOS randomly divided into two groups. The intervention plan consisted of a 12-week exercise and diet program for one of the group, while the other did not receive such interventions. Participant’s characteristics including demographic, menstrual status, clinical characteristics of hyper-androgenemia, as well as biochemical, hormonal and abdominal ultra-sonography data were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after intervention. <br /><em>Results</em> <br />The mean (Standard deviation) of age and body mass index (BMI) were 25.9 (4.13) year, 22.11 (3.96) year and 31.4 (4.85) kg/m<sup>2</sup> and 28.81 (3.81) kg/m<sup>2</sup> in experimental and control groups respectively. There were significant differences between experimental and control groups for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (p=0.01), total testosterone (p=0.005), free testosterone (p=0.004), estradiol (p=0.03), sex- hormone bounding globulin (SHBG), triiodotyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and TSH (p=0.001), 17 hydroxy progesterone and triglycerides (p=0.03), total cholesterol (p=0.05), BMI (p=0.03), the ultrasound exam, oligomenorrhea, hirsutism and acne (p <0.001) and alopecia (p=0.01). <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />Regular exercise and dietary intervention can be recommended as non-pharmacological interventions to PCOS patientsmedical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401356220130522Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Razavi Khorasan province of IranCrimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Razavi Khorasan province of Iran859284710.22038/mjms.2013.847FAAliakbar HeydariAssociate Professor of Infection Disease, Mashhad Universitiy of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMasoudreza Movahed DaneshSpecialist in Infection Disease,
Mashhad, IranJournal Article20130626<em>Introduction</em> <br />CCHF is a health problem in Iran and khorasan. The main purpose of this study was to determine the most important clinical characteristics, complications and risk factors of disease acquisition. <br /><em>Materials and Methods</em>: <br /> In this case-series study, 29 patients with confirmed diagnosis of CCHF, reported to the health center of Khorasan, province of Iran were studied. Epidemiologic, demographic and clinical picture were examined. <br /><em>Results</em> <br />In this study, 12 (41.1%) cases were male and 17 (58.6%) were female, with a mean age of 31 (±15) years. Most of patients were admitted in summer.Clinical features included: high fever (93.1%), nausea & vomiting (75.9%), headache (72.4%), myalgia (72.4%), hemorrhagia (72.4%). Laboratory abnormalities were: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased AST/ALT levels, prolonged bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Contact with livestock, working in slaughterhouse, consumption of Crude liver, and living in the village were risk factors for acquisition of infection. The incubation period was 3 (±1). The most common differential diagnosis was immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenia (17.2%). <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />Contact with livestock, working in slaughterhouse, consumption of raw liver, and living in villages, the short incubation period [3 (±1)] ,further increase in lactate dehydrgenase & aspartate transferase levels, leukocytosis and further reduction in platelet count, are more likely to prove the diagnosis of disease . Risk factors of death included: severe leukocytosis, critical bleeding (respiratory & gastrointestinal).<em>Introduction</em> <br />CCHF is a health problem in Iran and khorasan. The main purpose of this study was to determine the most important clinical characteristics, complications and risk factors of disease acquisition. <br /><em>Materials and Methods</em>: <br /> In this case-series study, 29 patients with confirmed diagnosis of CCHF, reported to the health center of Khorasan, province of Iran were studied. Epidemiologic, demographic and clinical picture were examined. <br /><em>Results</em> <br />In this study, 12 (41.1%) cases were male and 17 (58.6%) were female, with a mean age of 31 (±15) years. Most of patients were admitted in summer.Clinical features included: high fever (93.1%), nausea & vomiting (75.9%), headache (72.4%), myalgia (72.4%), hemorrhagia (72.4%). Laboratory abnormalities were: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased AST/ALT levels, prolonged bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Contact with livestock, working in slaughterhouse, consumption of Crude liver, and living in the village were risk factors for acquisition of infection. The incubation period was 3 (±1). The most common differential diagnosis was immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenia (17.2%). <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />Contact with livestock, working in slaughterhouse, consumption of raw liver, and living in villages, the short incubation period [3 (±1)] ,further increase in lactate dehydrgenase & aspartate transferase levels, leukocytosis and further reduction in platelet count, are more likely to prove the diagnosis of disease . Risk factors of death included: severe leukocytosis, critical bleeding (respiratory & gastrointestinal).medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401356220130522The Comparison of HS-CRP, TG, LDL-c and HDL-c in Active and Non Active Middle-aged WomenThe Comparison of HS-CRP, TG, LDL-c and HDL-c in Active and Non Active Middle-aged Women939884810.22038/mjms.2013.848FAMohammad Reza RamezanpourAssistant professor of Physical Education, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranSeyed Mahmoud HejaziAssistant professor of Physical Education, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranMasoumeh HosseinnezhadM.Sc in Physical Education, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20130626<em>Introduction</em> <br />Results of studies revealed that there is relationship between cardio-vascular diseases and sedentary lifestyle. According to these results, the new markers of cardio-vascular diseases are more sensitive in predicting these diseases. The purpose of this study was to compare the inflammatory marker of HS-CRP and TG, LDL-c and HDL-c in active and non-at HS-CRP, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c, activemiddle-aged women ive and middle-aged women. <br /> <em>Materials and Methods</em> <br />The present research was causal-comparative. A total of 30 women with the mean age of: 41/34±3/51 year, heigh: 158/89±5/136 cm, weight: 76/69±4/749 kg, BMI: 27/61±1/96 kg/m<sup>2</sup> participated in this research. They were randomly divided in to two groups (active group, n=15, non-active group, n=14). Active group of women had regular physical activity for one year and non active group didn`t have any physical activity in the past year. In this study, the Kulumogrof-Smirnof test to assume normality of data and also independent groups T-test were used to compare means. <em>Results</em> <br />Findings showed that there were significant differences in the level of Hs-CRP (P=0/001) and HDL-c (P=0/001) in active and non-active groups. But there was no significant difference between the two groups in the level of LDL-c (P=0/982) and TG (P=0/777). <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />According to the results regular physical activities can probably be effective in preventing cardio-vascular diseases in overweight middle-aged women.<em>Introduction</em> <br />Results of studies revealed that there is relationship between cardio-vascular diseases and sedentary lifestyle. According to these results, the new markers of cardio-vascular diseases are more sensitive in predicting these diseases. The purpose of this study was to compare the inflammatory marker of HS-CRP and TG, LDL-c and HDL-c in active and non-at HS-CRP, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c, activemiddle-aged women ive and middle-aged women. <br /> <em>Materials and Methods</em> <br />The present research was causal-comparative. A total of 30 women with the mean age of: 41/34±3/51 year, heigh: 158/89±5/136 cm, weight: 76/69±4/749 kg, BMI: 27/61±1/96 kg/m<sup>2</sup> participated in this research. They were randomly divided in to two groups (active group, n=15, non-active group, n=14). Active group of women had regular physical activity for one year and non active group didn`t have any physical activity in the past year. In this study, the Kulumogrof-Smirnof test to assume normality of data and also independent groups T-test were used to compare means. <em>Results</em> <br />Findings showed that there were significant differences in the level of Hs-CRP (P=0/001) and HDL-c (P=0/001) in active and non-active groups. But there was no significant difference between the two groups in the level of LDL-c (P=0/982) and TG (P=0/777). <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />According to the results regular physical activities can probably be effective in preventing cardio-vascular diseases in overweight middle-aged women.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401356220130522Correlation of Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio with Gasometric Parameters in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)Correlation of Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio with Gasometric Parameters in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)9910384910.22038/mjms.2013.849FAAbbas Ali ZeraatiAssistant Professor of Nephrology, Kidney transplantation Complications Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad ,Iran0000-0002-2872-6941Fariba RezaeetalabAssociate Professor of pulmonary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranYasamin NosratGeneral Physician, Mashhad, IranFarzaneh SharifipourAssistant Professor of Nephrology, Kidney transplantation Complications Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad ,IranShahrzad Mohammadzadeh LariAssistant Professor of pulmonary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSeyed Seifollah Beladi MousaviAssociate Professor of Nephrology, Chronic Renal Failure Research Center, Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20130626<em>Introduction</em> <br />To assess urinary albumin rate (urinary albumin to creatinine ratio: UACR) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to determine its correlation with gasometrical parameters <br /><em>Materials and Methods</em> <br />In this description cross-sectional study, twenty-one cases (Male: 13, Female: 8) with COPD who had been hospitalized because of an acute exacerbation were included. We measured UACR, arterial blood gas analysis (Pa O₂, pH and pCO2). UACR between 30 to 300 mg/gr was accepted as microalbuminuria. Pearson’s correlation coefficient method was used to assess correlation between UACR with gasometrical parameters. <br /><em>Results</em> <br />The mean age of patients was 64.84 ± 10.20. Microalbuminuria was detected in 9 (56%) subjects. There was a negative correlation between PaO₂ and UACR (r = -0.40, P < 0.001). There was no relation between the UACR values and arterial pH and pCO2. <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />Based on the results in COPD patients, Microalbuminuria was common and may have relation with hypoxemia in them. Further studies are necessary to determine whether these changes are progressive or have any prognostic relevance in patients with COPD<em>.</em> <br /><em> </em><em>Introduction</em> <br />To assess urinary albumin rate (urinary albumin to creatinine ratio: UACR) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to determine its correlation with gasometrical parameters <br /><em>Materials and Methods</em> <br />In this description cross-sectional study, twenty-one cases (Male: 13, Female: 8) with COPD who had been hospitalized because of an acute exacerbation were included. We measured UACR, arterial blood gas analysis (Pa O₂, pH and pCO2). UACR between 30 to 300 mg/gr was accepted as microalbuminuria. Pearson’s correlation coefficient method was used to assess correlation between UACR with gasometrical parameters. <br /><em>Results</em> <br />The mean age of patients was 64.84 ± 10.20. Microalbuminuria was detected in 9 (56%) subjects. There was a negative correlation between PaO₂ and UACR (r = -0.40, P < 0.001). There was no relation between the UACR values and arterial pH and pCO2. <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />Based on the results in COPD patients, Microalbuminuria was common and may have relation with hypoxemia in them. Further studies are necessary to determine whether these changes are progressive or have any prognostic relevance in patients with COPD<em>.</em> <br /><em> </em>medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401356220130522Comparative Effectiveness Relaxation Training on Anger Reduction and Blood Glucose Control in One and Two Diabetics PatientsComparative Effectiveness Relaxation Training on Anger Reduction and Blood Glucose Control in One and Two Diabetics Patients10411285010.22038/mjms.2013.850FAMaryam AsaadiMSc in clinical psychology, Islamic Azad University of sari, Sari, IranAbdolhakim TirgariAssistant professor of medicine, Sari Universitiy of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranRamezan HasanzadehAssociate Professor of psychology, Islamic Azad University of sari, Sari, IranJournal Article20130626<em>Introduction</em> <br />Diabetes is one of the most common and the most complicated disease in the world. This study was done to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of relaxation on blood sugar control and reduce anger in patient with diabetes type one and two. <br /><em>Materials and Methods</em> <br />Statistical society comprised all diabetic patients’ who were members of Tabarestan association located in sari city. Between them 40 people were selected by the available sampling method. In each experimental group 10 people and in each control group 10 people were allocated randomly. In pretest for each patient, the last 6 HbA1c test and anger inventory scores were recorded. The muscle relaxation training techniques for 6 sessions as a weekly 90 minutes in each experimental group was held at the forum. Diabetic patients types one and two were trained in separate groups.Then 3 months after the beginning of training, all patients in the experimental and control groups were tested for HbA1c and they again filled the anger inventory. For data analysis of research and test hypothesis, the descriptive statistics, t independent, Levin test and covariance analysis were used. <br /><em>Results</em> <br />The results showed that relaxation training on glucose control and reduction of anger in patients with diabetes types one and two is effective (P=0/05). And there was no difference between the two groups in the effectiveness of relaxation on controlling the blood glucose (P=0/69) and reduction of anger (P=0/08). <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />Muscle relaxation is effective on reducing the anger and better control of blood glucose. <em>Introduction</em> <br />Diabetes is one of the most common and the most complicated disease in the world. This study was done to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of relaxation on blood sugar control and reduce anger in patient with diabetes type one and two. <br /><em>Materials and Methods</em> <br />Statistical society comprised all diabetic patients’ who were members of Tabarestan association located in sari city. Between them 40 people were selected by the available sampling method. In each experimental group 10 people and in each control group 10 people were allocated randomly. In pretest for each patient, the last 6 HbA1c test and anger inventory scores were recorded. The muscle relaxation training techniques for 6 sessions as a weekly 90 minutes in each experimental group was held at the forum. Diabetic patients types one and two were trained in separate groups.Then 3 months after the beginning of training, all patients in the experimental and control groups were tested for HbA1c and they again filled the anger inventory. For data analysis of research and test hypothesis, the descriptive statistics, t independent, Levin test and covariance analysis were used. <br /><em>Results</em> <br />The results showed that relaxation training on glucose control and reduction of anger in patients with diabetes types one and two is effective (P=0/05). And there was no difference between the two groups in the effectiveness of relaxation on controlling the blood glucose (P=0/69) and reduction of anger (P=0/08). <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />Muscle relaxation is effective on reducing the anger and better control of blood glucose. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401356220130522Prevalence of benign bone tumors in our referral orthopedic clinic over the 10 yearsPrevalence of benign bone tumors in our referral orthopedic clinic over the 10 years11311785210.22038/mjms.2013.852FASeyed Mahdi MazloumiAssociated professor of orthopedic surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMohammad Hosein EbrahimzadehAssociated professor of orthopedic surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranHadi MakhmalbafAssociated professor of orthopedic surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSeyed Ali MahdavianMedical student, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20130626<em>Introduction</em> <br />Benign bone tumors are common in all races and countries. The Prevalence of these tumors is about 1 per 120000 populations. Most of them are asymptomatic and have insidious behavior. Some of them like osteochondroma and giant cell tumor have the ability to transform to malignant Tumors. So it is very important to diagnose as soon as possible to prevent physiological damages to other organs and negative psychological impact of malignant forms. <br /><em>Materials and Methods </em><br />In this retrospective study we considered some factors as age, localization of tumor, sex, city of birth, clinical presentation, treatment and some laboratory data related to bone tumors such as ESR, ALP, hemoglobin, serum calcium in these patients. Analysis of data was done with SPSS. <br /><em>Results </em><br />In this study, 268 patients with bone tumor which admitted to our department between 1999 and 2009, enrolled .Of these, 102 patients had benign bone tumors (38%),117 patients had malignant tumors (44%) and 49 patients with metastatic lesions (18%) was rule out. Osteochondroma and multiple exostosis were the most common benign bone tumors (28.4 %). Femur was the most frequent site of involvement (29.4 %). The most common age was between 18 and 40 (55.9 %). Pain, swelling and tenderness were the most common sign and symptom (40.2 %). Prevalence of benign tumors in men was much more than women as 56.9 percent /43.1 percent respectively. Resection was the most common surgical treatment. A total of (67.6 %). 83.3 percent of patients were from Razavi Khorasan, 6 cases of hypocalcaemia and 14 cases of anemia were detected among these patients. <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />In this study osteochondroma and multiple exostosis (28.4 percent) were the most common benign bone tumors in patients admitted at Ghaem Hospital Medical School in recent 10 years (1999-2009).<em>Introduction</em> <br />Benign bone tumors are common in all races and countries. The Prevalence of these tumors is about 1 per 120000 populations. Most of them are asymptomatic and have insidious behavior. Some of them like osteochondroma and giant cell tumor have the ability to transform to malignant Tumors. So it is very important to diagnose as soon as possible to prevent physiological damages to other organs and negative psychological impact of malignant forms. <br /><em>Materials and Methods </em><br />In this retrospective study we considered some factors as age, localization of tumor, sex, city of birth, clinical presentation, treatment and some laboratory data related to bone tumors such as ESR, ALP, hemoglobin, serum calcium in these patients. Analysis of data was done with SPSS. <br /><em>Results </em><br />In this study, 268 patients with bone tumor which admitted to our department between 1999 and 2009, enrolled .Of these, 102 patients had benign bone tumors (38%),117 patients had malignant tumors (44%) and 49 patients with metastatic lesions (18%) was rule out. Osteochondroma and multiple exostosis were the most common benign bone tumors (28.4 %). Femur was the most frequent site of involvement (29.4 %). The most common age was between 18 and 40 (55.9 %). Pain, swelling and tenderness were the most common sign and symptom (40.2 %). Prevalence of benign tumors in men was much more than women as 56.9 percent /43.1 percent respectively. Resection was the most common surgical treatment. A total of (67.6 %). 83.3 percent of patients were from Razavi Khorasan, 6 cases of hypocalcaemia and 14 cases of anemia were detected among these patients. <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />In this study osteochondroma and multiple exostosis (28.4 percent) were the most common benign bone tumors in patients admitted at Ghaem Hospital Medical School in recent 10 years (1999-2009).medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401356220130522Reliability and Validity of Residents’’ Evaluation of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Faculty Members, in Different Clinical and Para-Clinical GroupsReliability and Validity of Residents’’ Evaluation of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Faculty Members, in Different Clinical and Para-Clinical Groups11812285310.22038/mjms.2013.853FAReza HekmatAssistant professor of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSomaye Salari-BSc in Education, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSeyed Ali AlamdaranAssistant professor of Radiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20130626<em>Introduction</em> <br /><em> </em> <br />Evaluation in education is common, the most complex type of evaluation is the evaluation of professors <br /><em>Materials and Methods</em> <br />Evaluation of 311 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences faculty members, in different clinical and para-clinical groups in the educational year 1390 was performed by 1 to 47 residents in 13 items. Reliability of residents’ evaluation was determined by Cronbach's alpha measurement. Factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the residents’ evaluation. <br /><em>Results</em> <br />Obtained Cronbach's alpha of more than 0.95 demonstrated good reliability of residents’ evaluation of professors. Validity evaluation of the questionnaire showed that only 68% of the total variation was explained by it, also extraction of more than one component for improvement in the interpretation of the results was not possible. None of the 13 items in the questionnaire had eigen-value of more than 1. These results showed that the assessment was without validity. Students may be more affected by the characteristics of the teacher like: reputation, religion, appearance or adornment, political and cultural information, class attendance, administrative position, manner and conduction; than the content and methods of his/her teaching. <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />The questionnaire was completed by respondent bias; had reliability but lacked validity, students may have had evaluated other characteristics of the professors, rather than the 13 questions asked in the questionnaire.<em>Introduction</em> <br /><em> </em> <br />Evaluation in education is common, the most complex type of evaluation is the evaluation of professors <br /><em>Materials and Methods</em> <br />Evaluation of 311 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences faculty members, in different clinical and para-clinical groups in the educational year 1390 was performed by 1 to 47 residents in 13 items. Reliability of residents’ evaluation was determined by Cronbach's alpha measurement. Factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the residents’ evaluation. <br /><em>Results</em> <br />Obtained Cronbach's alpha of more than 0.95 demonstrated good reliability of residents’ evaluation of professors. Validity evaluation of the questionnaire showed that only 68% of the total variation was explained by it, also extraction of more than one component for improvement in the interpretation of the results was not possible. None of the 13 items in the questionnaire had eigen-value of more than 1. These results showed that the assessment was without validity. Students may be more affected by the characteristics of the teacher like: reputation, religion, appearance or adornment, political and cultural information, class attendance, administrative position, manner and conduction; than the content and methods of his/her teaching. <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />The questionnaire was completed by respondent bias; had reliability but lacked validity, students may have had evaluated other characteristics of the professors, rather than the 13 questions asked in the questionnaire.medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences1735-401356220130522Intraabdominal Ruptured Hydatid Cyst in a Pregnant Woman during First TrimesterIntraabdominal Ruptured Hydatid Cyst in a Pregnant Woman during First Trimester12312685410.22038/mjms.2013.854FARoohollah SobhaniGeneral Surgeon, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, IranSamira AlesaeidiInternist, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, IranAlireza MahmoudabadiAssistant Professor of Radiology, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, IranJournal Article20130626<em>Introduction</em> <br />Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection which often present as a liver cyst. In pregnancy, misdiagnosis may happen which may result in cyst rupture, anaphylactic shock and death <br /><em>Case report</em> <br />In this case we presented an 11 weeks pregnant patient who admitted with abdominal pain followed by anaphylactic shock and treated with emergent laparotomy. Multiple cysts were detected in liver, one of them was ruptured. Pathologic and serologic surveys demonstrated Hydatidosis as the cause. Then treatment with albendazole began for patient. Serial monitoring of liver enzymes and abdominopelvic sonography were performed. <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />It is important to consider the hydatid cyst as one of the differential diagnoses of abdominal pain (an acute abdomen) during pregnancy in endemic regions.<em>Introduction</em> <br />Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection which often present as a liver cyst. In pregnancy, misdiagnosis may happen which may result in cyst rupture, anaphylactic shock and death <br /><em>Case report</em> <br />In this case we presented an 11 weeks pregnant patient who admitted with abdominal pain followed by anaphylactic shock and treated with emergent laparotomy. Multiple cysts were detected in liver, one of them was ruptured. Pathologic and serologic surveys demonstrated Hydatidosis as the cause. Then treatment with albendazole began for patient. Serial monitoring of liver enzymes and abdominopelvic sonography were performed. <br /><em>Conclusion</em> <br />It is important to consider the hydatid cyst as one of the differential diagnoses of abdominal pain (an acute abdomen) during pregnancy in endemic regions.