Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences

Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences

Comparison of the Utility of Urine and Bile Samples in Detection of Morphine and Codeine in Bodies Referred to Fars Province General Administration of Forensic Medicine

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Maryam Hosseini 1
Asieh Hashemi 2
Tahereh Tarian 3
Alireza Doroudchi 4
Reza Khoshnod 5
Abdol Rasoul Malekpour 6
Mohammad Zarenezhad 7
Navid Kalani 8
1 PhD in Pharmacy, Expert of Fars Forensic Medicine Laboratory, Forensic Medicine Research Center, National Forensic Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
2 Master of Toxicology, Expert of Fars Forensic Medicine Laboratory, Forensic Medicine Research Center, National Forensic Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
3 Master of Chemistry, Expert of Fars Forensic Medicine Laboratory, Forensic Medicine Research Center, National Forensic Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
4 PhD in Forensic Medicine, Director General of Fars Forensic Medicine, Forensic Medicine Research Center, National Forensic Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
5 PhD in Pharmacy, in charge of Fars Forensic Medicine Laboratory, Forensic Medicine Research Center, National Forensic Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
6 PhD in Veterinary Medicine, Expert in Research, Forensic Medicine Research Center, National Forensic Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
7 Forensic Physician, PhD in Medical Genetics, Fars Forensic Medicine Research Officer, Forensic Medicine Research Center, National Forensic Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
8 Master of Health Services Management, Center for Social Systems Research, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
10.22038/mjms.2020.15974
Abstract
Introduction: Morphine as a basic opioid is a full agonist of brain receptors exerts its activity. Initial symptoms of morphine abuse are respiratory depression through direct central nervous system depression and can ultimately lead to apnea or complete respiratory arrest. Toxic dose of morphine suppresses the central nervous system and can cause coma. For the analysis of drugs abuse, often examples such as blood, liver, bile and urine are used.
Materials and Methods: In this study, urine and bile samples of 635 unknown samples were tested for morphine and codeine using thin layer chromatography and to biologic samples were compared.
Results: Meanwhile, aside from the negative examples and statistical analysis was performed between positive samples. The results showed that morphine levels in bile are many times more than in the other samples. In cases that a drug or its metabolites in the blood and other samples cannot be detected, it can be detected in the bile.
Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that bile samples as a supplement along with other samples such as urine can be used in detection and documentation of morphine and codeine.
Keywords
Morphine
Forensic toxicology
Bile
Thin Layer Chromatography
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Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences
Volume 63, Issue 2
July and August 2020
Pages 2300-2308