Predicting the tendency to divorce based on socio-cultural factors, cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation and early maladaptive schemas in Iranian couples living in Iran and Canada

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to predict the tendency to divorce based on cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation and early maladaptive schemas in Iranian couples living in Iran and Canada. This research is a applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of implementation and data collection method. The statistical population of the study is all Iranian couples who are in Iran and living in Canada and have been living together for 5 years. From the statistical population of the study, 240 couples (140 couples living in Iran and 110 Iranian couples living in Canada) were selected by convenience sampling method. In order to collect data, Johnson & Moro (1986) Divorce Tendency Questionnaire, Young Schematic Questionnaire (Short Form, Third Edition, 90 items), Dennis and Vanderwall Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (2010) (CFI) and Gross and John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2003) was used. In order to analyze the data, correlation and regression tests were used. The results of correlation test showed that there is no relationship between cultural and social components with marital divorce and the relationship between early maladaptive schemas with a tendency to positive divorce and correlation between cognitive flexibility and regulation. Emotion with a tendency to divorce is negative

Keywords

References

  1.  
  1. Abbott, B. V. (2005). Emotion dysregulation and re-regulation: Predictors of relationship intimacy and distress (Doctoral dissertation, Texas A&M University).
  2. Arab, S. M., Ebrahimzadeh Pezeshki, R., & Morovati Sharifabadi, A. (2015). Designing a meta-synthesis model of factors affecting divorce by systematic review of previous studies. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology, 10(4), 10-22.
  3. Bahari, F. (2011). Interpersonal relationship conflict management style and marital conflict divorce city of Esfahan. Counseling Research and Developments, 10(39), 125-38.
  4. Ballard, R. H., Holtzworth‐Munroe, A., Applegate, A. G., & D'Onofrio, B. (2011). Factors affecting the outcome of divorce and paternity mediations. Family Court Review, 49(1), 16-33.
  5. Bernstein, D. P. (2005). Schema therapy for personality disorders. Handbook of personology and psychopathology, 462-477.
  6. Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., ... & Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior therapy, 42(4), 676-688.
  7. Bravo, I. M. & White Lumpkin, P. (2010). The complex case of marital infidelity: An explanatory model of contributory processes to facilitate psychotherapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 38(5), 421-432.‌
  8. Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wlhelm, F. H., Smith, N. C., Erickson, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2003). The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion, 3(1), 48.
  9. Carbonella, J. Y., & Timpano, K. R. (2016). Examining the link between hoarding symptoms and cognitive flexibility deficits. Behavior therapy, 47(2), 262-273.
  10. de Vuijst, E., Poortman, A. R., Das, M., & van Gaalen, R. (2017). Cross-sibling effects on divorce in the Netherlands. Advances in Life Course Research, 34, 1-9.
  11. Dennis, J. P., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010). The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive therapy and research, 34(3), 241-253.
  12. Dunham, S. M. (2008). Emotional skillfulness in African American marriage: Intimate safety as a mediator of the relationship between emotional skillfulness and marital satisfaction (Doctoral dissertation, University of Akron).
  13. Dush, C. M. K., & Taylor, M. G. (2012). Trajectories of marital conflict across the life course: Predictors and interactions with marital happiness trajectories. Journal of family issues, 33(3), 341.
  14. Epstein, N. B., Chen, F., & Beyder‐Kamjou, I. (2005). Relationship standards and marital satisfaction in Chinese and American couples. Journal of marital and family therapy, 31(1), 59-74.
  15. Fardis, M., & Waltz, J. (2004). Emotion regulation and the quality of romantic relationships. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Montana, Missoula
  16. Gan, Y., Liu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2004). Flexible coping responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related and daily life stressful events. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 7(1), 55-66.
  17. Goetter, E. M. (2010). An Empirical Investigation of Depressive Rumination: Implications for Cognitive Flexibility. Problem Solving and Depression.
  1. González, L., & Viitanen, T. K. (2017). The effect of divorce laws on divorce rates in Europe. European Economic Review, 53(2), 127-138.
  1. Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (2000). The timing of divorce: Predicting when a couple will divorce over a 14‐year period. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(3), 737-745.
  2. Hamamci, Z. (2005). Dysfunctional relationship beliefs in marital conflict. Journal of rational-emotive and cognitive-behavior therapy, 23(3), 245-261.
  3. Hamidpoor, H., & Andooz, Z. (2000). The relationship between early maladaptive schema, attachment style and marital satisfaction in couples. In Second Congress of Family Pathology in Iran.
  4. Hayes, S. C., Levin, M. E., Plumb-Vilardaga, J., Villatte, J. L., & Pistorello, J. (2013). Acceptance and commitment therapy and contextual behavioral science: Examining the progress of a distinctive model of behavioral and cognitive therapy. Behavior therapy, 44(2), 180-198.
  5. Katz, A. M., Czech, S. J., & Orsillo, S. M. (2014). Putting values into words: An examination of the text characteristics of values articulation. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(1), 16-20.
  6. Kendrick, H. M., & Drentea, P. (2016). Marital adjustment. Encyclopedia of Family Studies, 1-2.
  7. Martin, M. M., Staggers, S. M., & Anderson, C. M. (2011). The relationships between cognitive flexibility with dogmatism, intellectual flexibility, preference for consistency, and self-compassion. Communication Research Reports, 28(3), 275-280.
  8. Mirecki, R. M., Chou, J. L., Elliott, M., & Schneider, C. M. (2013). What factors influence marital satisfaction? Differences between first and second marriages. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 54(1), 78-93.
  9. Nimtz, M. A. (2011). Satisfaction and contributing factors in satisfying long-term marriage: A phenomenological study (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Liberty University.(1496).
  10. Richards, J. M., Butler, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2003). Emotion regulation in romantic relationships: The cognitive consequences of concealing feelings. Journal of social and personal relationships, 20(5), 599-620.
  11. Rusbult, C. E. Johnson, D. J. & Morrow, G. D. (1986). Impact of couple patterns of problem solving on distress and nondistress in dating relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(4), 744.‌
  12. Ryan, K. D., Gottman, J. M., Murray, J. D., Carrère, S., & Swanson, C. (2002). 13 Theoretical and Mathematical Modeling of Marriage. Emotion, development, and self-organization: Dynamic systems approaches to emotional development, 349.
  13. Sbarra, D. A., & Coan, J. A. (2017). Divorce and health: Good data in need of better theory. Current opinion in psychology, 13, 91-95.
  14. Siffert, A., & Schwarz, B. (2011). Spouses’ demand and withdrawal during marital conflict in relation to their subjective well-being. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 28(2), 262-277.
  15. Tashiro, T. (2005). Positive emotion and attributions in close relationships (Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, 2005). Dissertation Abstracts International, 65, 4307.
  16. Thimm, J. C. (2013). Early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal problems: A circumplex analysis of the YSQ-SF. International journal of psychology and psychological therapy, 13(1), 113-124.
  17. Titelman, P. (2014). Emotional cutoff: Bowen family systems theory perspectives. Routledge.
  18. Young, J. E. (1999). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach. Professional Resource Press/Professional Resource Exchange.
  19. Young, J. E., & Brown, G. (2005). Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form; Version 3. Psychological Assessment.
  20. Zarb, J. M. (2017). Developmental cognitive behavioral therapy with adults. Taylor & Francis.
  21. Zolfaghari, M., Fatehi Zadeh, M., & Abedi, M. R. (2008). Determining relationships between early maladaptive schemas and marital intimacy among Mobarakeh Steel Complex personnel. Journal of family research, 4(3), 247-61.
  22. Zong, J. G., Cao, X. Y., Cao, Y., Shi, Y. F., Wang, Y. N., Yan, C., ... & Chan, R. C. (2010). Coping flexibility in college students with depressive symptoms. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 8(1), 66.
medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences
Volume 64, Issue 5
March and April 2022
Pages 4213-4228

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics