Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences

Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences

Investigation of the effect of combined training and saffron (Crocus sativus L.) supplementation on serum levels of nitric oxide and erectile function in obese men with type 2 diabetes

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Babak Hooshmand Moghadam 1
Amir Rashidlamir 2
Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini 2
Abbas Ali Gaeini 3
Mojtaba Kaviani 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4 Professor, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Canada.
10.22038/mjms.2023.61296.3586
Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes and obesity cause sexual dysfunction in men by reducing vascular function and erectile dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the independent and interactive effect of 12 weeks of combined training and saffron supplementation on serum levels of nitric oxide and erectile function in obese men with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 60 obese men with type 2 diabetes (age: 39.51±5.02) were randomly divided into four groups: 1) combined training 2) saffron 3) combined training + saffron 4) control. The subjects of the first and third groups performed a combined training protocol (resistance + aerobics) for 12 weeks. Also, the subjects of the second and third groups received one pill of 100 mg of saffron daily and the first group received the same amount of placebo. Blood samples and related questionnaire were collected in two stages of pre-and post-test to measure the biochemical values and erectile function. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of less than 0.05.
5).
Keywords
Physical activity
Saffron
Sexual function
Diabetes
Subjects
  1. Fakhri A, Morshedi H, Soleymanian A, HosainiM. Psychometric Properties of Iranian Version of Male Sexual Function Index. Jundishapur Sci Med J 2014; 12(6):655-663
  2. Trikkalinou A, Papazafiropoulou AK, Melidonis A. Type 2 diabetes and quality of life. World J Diabetes 2017; 8(4):120-129.
  3. Ghorbani M. A Review of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. NCMBJ 2015; 5(18):9-14
  4. Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Giugliano D, Esposito K. From inflammation to sexual dysfunctions: a journey through diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41(11):1249-1258.
  5. Wen Y, Liu G, Zhang Y, Li H. MicroRNA‐205 is associated with diabetes mellitus‐induced erectile dysfunction via down‐regulating the androgen receptor. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine; 2019; 23(5):3257-3270.
  6. Rostami Dovom M, Ramezani Tehrani F. A Review of the Relationship between Obesity and Some Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2020; 21 (5) :319-328
  7. Kizilay F, Gali HE, Serefoglu EC. Diabetes and Sexuality. Sex Med Rev 2017; 5(1):45-51.
  8. Bahojb Soldozi H, Jalili F, Sohrabi M, Keshtmand Z, Jalili C. The effects of crocin on the serum levels of sex hormone and NO in streptozotocin – induced diabetic rats. SJKU 2018; 23 (2):103-113.
  9. Mirzaei F, Khazaei M. Role of Nitric Oxide in Biological Systems: A Systematic Review.J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2017; 27 (150):192-222.
  10. Hooshmand moghadam B, Azarbayjani M A, Mahdian S, Bakhtiyari A, Eskandari M. independent and interactive effect of tribulus terrestris supplementation and resistance training on sexual and erectile function in obese men with type 2 diabetes. ijdld 2019; 18 (6) :322-333
  11. Lanfranco F, Minetto MA. The male reproductive system, exercise, and training: Endocrine adaptations. Endocrinology of physical activity and sport 2013, 121-132.
  12. Teixeira-Lemos, E., et al., Regular physical exercise training assists in preventing type 2 diabetes development: focus on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cardiovascular diabetology, 2011. 10(1): 1-15.
  13. Maleki BH, Tartibian B, Chehrazi M, Effects of Aerobic, Resistance, and Combined Exercise on Markers of Male Reproduction in Healthy Human Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JSCR 2019; 33(4):1130-1145.
  14. Dutta S, Sengupta P. Medicinal herbs in the management of male infertility. Journal of Pregnancy and Reproduction, 2018. 2(1): 1-6.
  15. Hooshmand Moghadam B, Rashid lamir A, Attarzade Hosseini S R, Gaeini A A. A Review on the Effects of Saffron with Physical Activity. J. Med. Plants. 2019; 18 (72) :14-29
  16. Asbaghi, O., et al., Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta‐ Phytotherapy research, 2021. 35(1): 20-32.
  17. Broadhead G.K, et al., Efficacy and safety of saffron supplementation: current clinical findings. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2016. 56(16): p. 2767-2776.
  18. Heidarzadeh S, Azarbayjani M, Matinhomaee H, Hedayati M. A Review of Aphroditic Plants and Physical Activity on Testosterone Concentrations. J. Med. Plants. 2018; 17 (66) :1-26
  19. Razavi BM, Imenshahidi M, Abnous K, Hosseinzadeh H. Cardiovascular effects of saffron and its active constituents: A review article. Saffron agronomy and technology 2014; 1(2): 3-13
  20. Yaribeygi H., et al., Antidiabetic potential of saffron and its active constituents. Journal of cellular physiology, 2019. 234(6): 8610-8617.
  21. Sapanidou V., et al., Antioxidant effect of crocin on bovine sperm quality and in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology, 2015. 84(8): p. 1273-1282.
  22. Moshiri M, Vahabzadeh M, Hosseinzadeh H, Clinical applications of saffron (Crocus sativus) and its constituents: a review. Drug research, 2015. 65(6): 287-295.
  23. Bahojb Soldozi H, Jalili F, Sohrabi M, Keshtmand Z, Jalili C. The effects of crocin on the serum levels of sex hormone and NO in streptozotocin – induced diabetic rats. SJKU. 2018; 23 (2):103-113.
  24. Colberg, S.R., et al., Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care, 2016. 39(11): 2065-2079.
  25. Colberg, S.R., et al., Exercise and type 2 diabetes: the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement. Diabetes care, 2010. 33(12): 147-167.
  26. Oliveira, C., et al., Combined exercise for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2012. 98(2): 187-198.
  27. Brzycki, M., Strength testing—predicting a one-rep max from reps-to-fatigue. Journal of physical education, recreation & dance, 1993. 64(1): 88-90.
  28. Mobasseri, M., et al., Effects of saffron supplementation on glycemia and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial study. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2020. 14(4): p. 527-534.
  29. Ebrahimi, F., et al., Effects of saffron supplementation on inflammation and metabolic responses in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: targets and therapy, 2019. 12: 2107.
  30. Gaeini AA, pournemati P, hooshmand moghadam B. Interactive Effect of Saffron Supplementation and Resistance Training on serum levels of sex hormones in young men. RJMS. 2018; 25 (171):20-30.
  31. Modaghegh MH, Shahabian M, Esmaeili HA, Rajbai O, Hosseinzadeh H. Safety evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus) tablets in healthy volunteers. Phytomedicine 2008; 15:1032‑7
  32. Rosen RC, Riley A, Wagner G, Osterloh IH, Kirkpatrick J, Mishra A. The international index of erectile function (IIEF): A multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology 1997; 49(6): 822-30.
  33. Kiyani-Selmi A, Badami R, Thaghian F. Comparison of the Effect of Resistance Training and Lavender Fragrances on Erection Function in Men during Methadone Treatment of Opioid Dependence. J Isfahan Med Sch 2018; 35(458): 1755-61.
  34. Parastesh M. The Effect of Resistance Training on Serum Levels of Dehydroepiandrosterone, Estradiol and Erectile Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Men. J North Khorasan Univ Med Sci. 2020; 12(1):1-8.
  35. Silva AB, Sousa N, Azevedo LF, Martins C. Physical activity and exercise for erectile dysfunction: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51(19): 1419-24.
  36. Kouidrat Y, Pizzol D, Cosco T, Thompson T, Carnaghi M, Bertoldo A, et al. High prevalence of erectile dysfunction in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 145 studies. Diabet Med. 2017; 34(9):1185-92.
  37. Ghardashi Afousi A, Gaeini A, Gholami Borujeni B.The effect of aerobic interval training on endothelial vasculature function in type 2 diabetes patient. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing. 2016: 2(3).
  38. Asadi MH, Zafari F, Sarveazad A, Abbasi M, Safa M, Koruji M. Saffron improves epididymal sperm parameters in rats exposed to cadmium. Nephrourol Mon.2014; 6: 1-6.
  39. Ranjbar H, Ashrafizaveh Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) on sexual dysfunction among men and women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2019; 9(5): 419–427.
Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences
Volume 67, Issue 6
January and February 2025
Pages 1525-1537