Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases, particularly myocardial infarction, remain major causes of mortality worldwide. The limitations of conventional therapies, such as heart transplantation, have shifted attention toward tissue engineering strategies. Among these, electrospinning has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating nanofibrous scaffolds that resemble the native cardiac extracellular matrix.



Methods: This review evaluates studies published over the past two decades on electrospun cardiac patches. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords related to "electrospinning", "cardiac patch", and "nanofibers". Studies assessing electrospun scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering applications were included. Relevant data on polymer type, electrospinning method, and reported outcomes were extracted and categorized.



Results: The findings indicate that electrospun polymeric scaffolds can produce aligned fibrous architectures that closely mimic myocardial extracellular matrix organization. These scaffolds have been shown to enhance adhesion, survival, and differentiation of cardiac-related cells, including cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, thereby supporting cardiac tissue regeneration.



Conclusion: Collectively, the available evidence indicates that nanofibrous scaffolds fabricated through electrospinning hold substantial potential for the development of cardiac patches in tissue engineering. These constructs provide a favorable microenvironment for cardiac cells and promote structural and functional recovery of damaged tissue. Despite remarkable progress, further investigations are needed to optimize material composition, scaffold architecture, and preclinical performance. Overall, electrospinning represents one of the most promising strategies for developing alternative therapeutic approaches to myocardial repair in the near future.