Effectiveness of Emotion-Based Therapy on the Anxiety and Psychological Wellbeing of the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Health Psychology Group, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor of Psychology Group, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Health Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor of marvdasht Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.

Abstract

Abstract
Introduction: The chronic physiologic diseases such as diabetes cause psychological damages such as depression in the patients suffering from them. Therefore the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-based therapy on the anxiety and psychological wellbeing of the patients suffering from type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: The research method of the present study was quasi-experimental in pretest, posttest type with control group and six-month follow-up stage. The statistical population of the study included all the patients with type 2 diabetes who referred to the physicians specialized in diabetes 2 in the city of Shiraz in 2019. 60 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 30 patients). The patients in the experimental group received 14 emotion-based therapy sessions during three-and-a-half months. Anxiety questionnaire (Beck, 1988) and the questionnaire of psychological wellbeing (Ryff, 1996) were used in the present study. The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA via SPSS23 statistical software.
Results: The results showed that the emotion-based therapy has significant effect on the anxiety and psychological wellbeing of the patients with type 2 diabetes (p<0.001) in a way that this therapy succeeded in leading to the decrease of anxiety and the improvement of psychological wellbeing in these patients.
Conclusion: Considering the results of the present study, emotion-based therapy can be considered as an efficient therapy to decrease the depression of the patients with type 2 diabetes through concentrating on awareness and emotion management and the people’s awareness of emotional processes.

Keywords


1 .بیانی، ع.ا.، محمدکوچکی، ع.، بیانی، ع. )1681 .)روایی و پایاایی مقیااس بهزیساتی روان شاناختی ریاف، مجلاه روان پزشاکی و
.143-151 :)2(14 ،ایران بالینی روانشناسی
2 .حسینزاده فیروزآباد، ی.، صالح محمدآبادی، م.، موسوی، ا. )1695 ،)بررسی رابطه سالمت روان و کیفیا ت زنادگ ی در بیمااران
مبتال به دیابت، توسعه پرستاری در سالمت، 1(1 ،)33-53.
6 .دشت بزرگی، ز.، موسوی، م. )1693 ،)تاثیر گروه درمانی مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر میزان ضرایب سختی و استرس ادراک شده
بیماران مبتال به دیابت نوع دو، فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سالمت، 5(4 ،)619-611.
4 .شفیعی سنگ آتش، س.، رفیعینیا، پ.، نجفی، م.)1691 .)اثربخشای درماان فراشاناختی بار اضاطراب و مولفاه هاای فراشاناختی
مبتالیان به اختالل اضطراب فراگیر، مجله روانشناسی بالینی، 4(4 :)61-19.
5 .مجیدعلیلو، م.، اسبقیپور، م.، نریمانی، م. )1696 .)رابطه بین ویژگیهای شخصیتی باا رفتارهاا ی خاودمراقبت ی و پیاماد درماان در
بیماران دیابتی، مجله روانپرستاری، 2(6 ،)85-11.
3 .مظلوم، س.ر.، فیروز، م.، حسنزاده، ف. )1694 .)تاثیر مشااوره گروها ی بار بعاد ف یزولوژیا ک خاودمراقبت ی و میا زان هموگلاوب ین
گلیکوزیله بیماران مبتال به دیابت نوع دو، فصلنامه مراقبت مبتنی بر شواهد، 5(15 ،)63-25.
1 .نیکخواه، م.)1696 .)اثربخشی پذیرش و تعهد درمانی بر اضطراب و سالمت روان دانشآموزان دارای اضطراب امتحان، پایان نامه
کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسالمی، واحد اصفهان)خوراسگان(.
8. Alexopoulou, P., Evagelou, E., Mpakoula-Tzoumaka, C., Kyritsi-Koukoulari, E. (2018). Assessing anxiety and
depression in parents of preterm infants. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 24(5), 273-276.
9. Beck, A.T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., Steer, R.A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety:
psychometric properties. Journal Consulting Clinical Psychology, 56: 893-897.
10. Benfer, N., Bardeen, J.R., Clauss, K.(2018). Experimental manipulation of emotion regulation self-efficacy:
Effects on emotion regulation ability, perceived effort in the service of regulation, and affective reactivity.
Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 10: 108-114.
11. Bohlmeijer, E., Prenger, R., Taal, E., Cuijpers, P. (2010). The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction
therapy on mental health of adults with a chronic medical disease: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic
Research, (68): 539-544.
12. Bryant, C., Jackson, H., Ames, D. (2008). The prevalence of anxiety in older adults: methodological
issues and a review of the literature. Journal of Affective Disorders, 109(3), 233-250.
13. Cho, J., Martin, P., Margrett, J., MacDonald, M., Poon, L.W. (2011). The Relationship between Physical
Health and Psychological Well-Being among Oldest-Old Adults, Journal of Aging Research, Article ID
605041, 8pages.
14. Cucu-Ciuhan, G. (2015). Emotion Focused Therapy in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Clinical Case.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 205, 13-17.
15. Deschênes, S.S., Burns, R.J., Schmitz, N. (2018). Comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms and the risk of
type 2 diabetes: Findings from the Lifelines Cohort Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 238, 24-31.
16. Dierendonck, D. (2005). The construct validity of Ryff Scale of psychological well-being its extension with
spritual well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(1), 629-643.
17. Graham, E.A., Deschênes, S.S., Khalil, M.N., Danna ,S., Filion, K.B., Schmitz, N. (2020). Measures of
depression and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders,
265, 224-232.
18. Greenberg, L.S.(2010). Emotion-focused therapy: Theory and practice. Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.
19. Haynos, A.F., Hill, B., Fruzzetti, A.E.(2016). Emotion regulation training to reduce problematic dietary
restriction: An experimental analysis, Appetite, 103: 265-274.
20. Hein, M., Lanquart, J., Loas, G., Hubain, P., Linkowski, P. (2018). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Type 2
Diabetes in Major Depression: A Study on 703 Individuals Referred for Sleep Examinations. Psychosomatics,
59(2), 144-157.
21. Herwig, U., Opialla, S., Cattapan, K., Wetter, T.C., Jäncke, L., Brühl, A.B.(2018). Emotion introspection and
regulation in depression. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 277: 7-13.
22. Hussain, S., Habib, A., Singh, A., Akhtar, M., Najmi, A.K. (2018). Prevalence of depression among type 2
diabetes mellitus patients in India: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 270, 264- 273.
23. Huynh, T., Torquati, J.C. (2019). Examining connection to nature and mindfulness at promoting psychological
well-being. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 66, 101-108.
24. Joormann, J., Stanton, C.H.(2016). Examining emotion regulation in depression: A review and future
directions. Behavior Research and Therapy, 86: 35-49.
25. Kirwan, M., Pickett, S.M., Jarrett, N.L.(2017). Emotion regulation as a moderator between anxiety symptoms
and insomnia symptom severity. Psychiatry Research, 254: 40-47.
26. Kline, G., Honaker, J., Joseph, A., Scheve, k. (2001). Analyzing Incomplete Political Science Data: An
Alternative Algorithm for Multiple Imputation. American Political Science Review, 95, 49-69.
27. Kraaij, V., Garnefski, N.(2019). The Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Development,
psychometric properties and relationships with emotional problems and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation
Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 137: 56-61.
28. Lee, K.W., Ching, S.M., Hoo, F.K., Ramachandran, V., Chong, S.C., Tusimin, M., Nordin, N.M., Devaraj,
N.K., Cheong, A.T., Chia, Y.C. (2020). Neonatal outcomes and its association among gestational diabetes
mellitus with and without depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study.
Midwifery, 81, 102-107.
29. Lei H, Zhang X, Cai L, Wang Y, Bai M, Zhu X.(2014). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies in outpatients
with major depressive disorder, Psychiatry Research Volume 218, Issues 1–2, 15: 87–92.
30. Li, D., Li, D., Wu, N., Wang, Z.(2019). Intergenerational transmission of emotion regulation through parents'
reactions to children's negative emotions: Tests of unique, actor, partner, and mediating effects. Children and
Youth Services Review, 101: 113-122.
31. Malesza, M.(2019). Stress and delay discounting: The mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation.
Personality and Individual Differences, 144: 56-60.
32. Meule, A., Fath, K., Real, GL, Sütterlin, S., Vögele, C., and Kübler, A.(2013). Quality of life, emotion
regulation, and heart rate variability in individuals with intellectual disabilities and concomitant impaired
vision, Psychology of Well-Being: Theory, Research and Practice, 3:1.
33. Purewal, R., Fisher, P.L (2018). The contribution of illness perceptions and metacognitive beliefs to anxiety
and depression in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 136, 16-22.
34. Rathmann, W., Ku, O., Anderson, D., Busch, S., Hahn, M., Engelhard, J., Zou, .M, Kostev, K. (2018).
Increased depression symptom score in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. Psychiatry Research, 261,
259-263.
35. Samuels, S., Menand, E.V., Mauer, E.A., Hernandez, S., Terekhova, D., Mathews, T.L., Albright, A.A., Antal,
Z., Kanellopoulos, D. (2019). Anxiety and Type 1 Diabetes Management: Guardian and Child Report in a
Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic. Psychosomatics, In Press, Corrected Proof.
36. Strandberg, R.B., Graue, M., Wentzel-Larsen, T., Peyrot, M., Wahl, A.K., Rokne, B. (2017). The relationships
among fear of hypoglycaemia, diabetes-related quality of life and psychological well-being in Norwegian
adults with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 124, 11-19.
37. Twenge, J.M., Martin, G.N. (2020). Gender differences in associations between digital media use and
psychological well-being: Evidence from three large datasets. Journal of Adolescence, 79, 91-102.
38. Whiteside, S. P., Brown, A.M. (2008). Exploring the utility of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scales parentand child-report forms in a North American sample Original Research Article. Journal of Anxiety Disorders,
22(8), 1440- 1446.