The effect of swimming training and curcumin supplementation on antioxidant indices inactive young men

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract

Abstract
Introduction: Curcumin has an effective protective and therapeutic role in antioxidants that can play an important role during exercise. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of swimming training and curcumin supplementation on antioxidant indices inactive young men.
 
Subjects & Methods:In this quasi-experimental study, 40 young men with an age range of 25-20 years were randomly and purposefully selected and divided into four groups of exercise with curcumin, exercise, curcumin, and control. Curcumin was administered orally at a dose of 80 mg nano-micelles daily for four weeks by the groups. Swimming exercises were held for one week for four weeks and three days a week. Blood samples were taken at baseline after the last training session. Paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis of data.
 
Results: The results showed that SOD, CAT, and GPx enzymes increased in the exercise group with curcumin (P≤0.05). In addition, curcumin was able to improve the levels of SOD and CAT enzymes (P≤0.05). Also, no difference was observed in the training and control groups in all three enzymes (P> 0.05).
 
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be suggested to use curcumin supplements to increase the effects of swimming exercises to improve the level of antioxidant enzymes.

Keywords


  1. Rahbarghazi A, Siahkouhian M, Rahbarghazi
    R, Ahmadi M, Bolboli L, Mahdipour M, et al. Melatonin
    and prolonged physical activity attenuated the
    detrimental effects of diabetic condition on murine
    cardiac tissue. Tissue and Cell. 2021;69:101486.
  2. 2. Rahbarghazi A, Siahkouhian M, Rahbarghazi
    R, Ahmadi M, Bolboli L, Keyhanmanesh R, et al. Role
    of melatonin in the angiogenesis potential; highlights on
    the cardiovascular disease. Journal of Inflammation.
    2021;18(1):1-10.
    3. Powers SK, Jackson MJ. Exercise-induced
    oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on
    muscle force production. Physiological reviews.
    2008;88(4):1243-76.
    4. Veskoukis AS, Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D.
    Dietary oxidative stress and antioxidant defense with an
    emphasis on plant extract administration. Cell Stress and
    Chaperones. 2012;17(1):11-21.
    5. Gomes EC, Silva AN, Oliveira MRd. Oxidants,
    antioxidants, and the beneficial roles of exerciseinduced production of reactive species. Oxidative
    medicine and cellular longevity. 2012;2012.
    6. Blokhina O, Virolainen E, Fagerstedt KV.
    Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation
    stress: a review. Annals of botany. 2003;91(2):179-94.
    7. Tran TL. Antioxidant supplements to prevent
    heart disease: real hope or empty hype? Postgraduate
    Medicine. 2001;109(1):109-14.
    8. Hartmann A, Niess AM. Oxidative DNA
    damage in exercise. Pathophysiology.
    1998;1001(5):112.
    9. Williams M. Dietary supplements and sports
    performance: herbals. Journal of the international
    society of sports nutrition. 2006;3(1):1-6.
    10. Lamina S, Ezema CI, Theresa AI, Anthonia
    EU. Oxidants and Antioxidants in Medical Science.
    2013.
    11. Aggarwal BB, Kumar A, Bharti AC.
    Anticancer potential of curcumin: preclinical and
    clinical studies. Anticancer research. 2003;23(1/A):363-
    98.
    12. Jagetia GC, Aggarwal BB. “Spicing up” of the
    immune system by curcumin. Journal of clinical
    immunology. 2007;27(1):19-35.
    13. López‐Lázaro M. Anticancer and carcinogenic
    properties of curcumin: considerations for its clinical
    development as a cancer chemopreventive and
    chemotherapeutic agent. Molecular nutrition & food
    research. 2008;52(S1):S103-S27.
    14. Jayaprakasha GK, Jena BS, Negi PS, Sakariah
    KK. Evaluation of antioxidant activities and
    antimutagenicity of turmeric oil: a byproduct from
    curcumin production. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C.
    2002;57(9-10):828-35.
    15. Inadera H. The usefulness of circulating
    adipokine levels for the assessment of obesity-related
    health problems. International journal of medical
    sciences. 2008;5(5):248.
    16. Zhang L, Fiala M, Cashman J, Sayre J,
    Espinosa A, Mahanian M, et al. Curcuminoids enhance
    amyloid-β uptake by macrophages of Alzheimer's
    disease patients. Journal of Alzheimer's disease.
    2006;10(1):1-7.
    17. Cleary K, McFeeters RF. Effects of oxygen and
    turmeric on the formation of oxidative aldehydes in
    fresh-pack dill pickles. Journal of agricultural and food
    chemistry. 2006;54(9):3421-7.
    18. Braakhuis AJ, Hopkins WG, Lowe TE. Effect
    of dietary antioxidants, training, and performance
    correlates on antioxidant status in competitive rowers.
    International journal of sports physiology and
    performance. 2013;8(5):565-72.
    19. Takahashi M, Suzuki K, Kim H, Otsuka Y,
    Imaizumi A, Miyashita M, et al. Effects of curcumin
    supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress in
    humans. International journal of sports medicine.
    2014;35(06):469-75.
    20. Kawanishi N, Kato K, Takahashi M, Mizokami
    T, Otsuka Y, Imaizumi A, et al. Curcumin attenuates
    oxidative stress following downhill running-induced
    muscle damage. Biochemical and biophysical research
    communications. 2013;441(3):573-8.
    21. Ji L. Hormesis and exercise: how the cell copes
    with oxidative stress. Am J Pharmacol Toxicol.
    2008;3:44-58.
    22. Hamedinia M, Davarzani Z, Hosseini kakhk
    A, Peeri M. The Effect of one Session of Swimming and
    Running Training on Hunger Rate and Ghrelin, Insulin
    and Cortisol Hormones of the Plasma in the Healthy
    Girls. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and
    Metabolism. 2011;13(1):82-89.(In Persian)
    23. Amirkhani Z, Azarbayjani MA, Homaei HM,
    Peeri M. Effect of combining resistance training and
    curcumin supplementation on liver enzyme in inactive
    obese and overweight females. Iranian Journal of
    Diabetes and Obesity. 2016;8(3):107-14.
    24. Avci G, Kadioglu H, Sehirli AO, Bozkurt S,
    Guclu O, Arslan E, et al. Curcumin protects against
    ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat skeletal muscle.
    Journal of Surgical Research. 2012;172(1):e39-e46.
    25. Kalpana C, Sudheer A, Rajasekharan K,
    Menon V. Comparative effects of curcumin and its
    synthetic analogue on tissue lipid peroxidation and
    antioxidant status during nicotine-induced toxicity.
    Singapore medical journal. 2007;48(2):124.
    26. Takahashi M, Suzuki K, Kim H, Otsuka Y,
    Imaizumi A, Miyashita M, et al. E̵ects of Curcumin
    Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress
    in Humans. Int J Sports Med. 2013;34:1-7.
    27. Rinaldi B, Corbi G, Boccuti S, Filippelli W,
    Rengo G, Leosco D, et al. Exercise training affects ageinduced changes in SOD and heat shock protein
    expression in rat heart. Experimental gerontology.
    2006;41(8):764-70.
    28. Chevion S, Moran DS, Heled Y, Shani Y,
    Regev G, Abbou B, et al. Plasma antioxidant status and
    cell injury after severe physical exercise. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2003;100(9):5119-
    23.
    29. Al-Tahtawy RHM, El-Bastawesy A, Monem
    MA, Zekry Z, Al-Mehdar H, El-Merzabani M.
    Antioxidant activity of the volatile oils of Zingiber
    officinale (ginger). Spatula DD. 2011;1(1):1-8.
    30. Jurenka JS. Anti-inflammatory properties of
    curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: a
    review of preclinical and clinical research. Alternative
    medicine review. 2009;14(2).
    31. Gorzi A, Tofighi A, Amiri B. The effects of
    curcumin supplementation on oxidative stress induced
    during strenuous endurance training on the kidney and
    lung tissues. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University
    of Medical Sciences. 2018;23(5):1-11.
    32. Pingitore A, Lima GPP, Mastorci F, Quinones
    A, Iervasi G, Vassalle C. Exercise and oxidative stress:
    potential effects of antioxidant dietary strategies in
    sports. Nutrition. 2015;31(7-8):916-22.
    33. Urso ML, Clarkson PM. Oxidative stress,
    exercise, and antioxidant supplementation. Toxicology.
    2003;189(1-2):41-54.
    34. Kiefer D. Superoxide dismutase: boosting the
    body? s primary antioxidant defence. Life Extension
    Magazine. 2006;6:73-8.
    35. Ahmadi P, Rahpeyma F, Bageri N, editors.
    Length of Curcumin Supplementation on Antioxidant
    Capacity of Adolescent Taekwondo Players.
    International Symposium for Taekwondo Studies; 2017
    36. Marchiani A, Rozzo C, Fadda A, Delogu G,
    Ruzza P. Curcumin and curcumin-like molecules: from
    spice to drugs. Current medicinal chemistry.
    2014;21(2):204-22.
    37. Sahebkar A, Serban M-C, Ursoniu S, Banach
    M. Effect of curcuminoids on oxidative stress: A
    systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized
    controlled trials. Journal of functional foods.
    2015;18:898-909.
    38. Banach M, Serban C, Aronow WS, Rysz J,
    Dragan S, Lerma EV, et al. Lipid, blood pressure and
    kidney update 2013. International urology and
    nephrology. 2014;46(5):947-61.
    39. Panahi Y, Alishiri GH, Parvin S, Sahebkar A.
    Mitigation of systemic oxidative stress by curcuminoids
    in osteoarthritis: results of a randomized controlled trial.
    Journal of dietary supplements. 2016;13(2):209-20.
    40. Stoilova I, Krastanov A, Stoyanova A, Denev
    P, Gargova S. Antioxidant activity of a ginger extract
    (Zingiber officinale). Food chemistry. 2007;102(3):764-
    70.
    41. Modir M, Daryanoosh F, Firouzmand H,
    Yosefie H. Effect of moderate period of progressive
    anaerobic training on serum level of superoxide
    dismutase and Catalase in female rats. Journal of Gorgan
    University of Medical Sciences. 2016;18(2).
    42. Hosseinimehr SJ. A review of preventive and
    therapeutic effects of curcumin in patients with cancer.
    J Clin Excellence. 2014;2(2):50-63.