The effect of 8 weeks of interval and resistance training on expression PGC 1α,AMPK,TFAM Elderly rat heart cells

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student in Sports Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran (Corresponding Author)

3 Professor of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Physiological changes in the cardiovascular system occur gradually with age These changes cause cardiovascular disease, which is a major cause of death in the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intermittent and resistance training on mitochondrial biogenesis of cardiac myocytes in elderly rats.
Methods: 30 -old rats 23-month weighing 437.2 g were randomly divided into 3 groups: 10, intermittent training (IT), high intensity resistance training (HIRT) and control group (C). Were divided. High-intensity ladder resistance training (80% of MVCC), and intermittent training with 40 to 80% of maximum speed started from the first week and continued with 30 to 110% of maximum speed from the fourth week Exercises were performed for eight weeks and 5 days a week. 72 hours after the last training session, cardiac tissue isolation was performed. Statistical analysis using ANOVA test had a significance level of P ≥ 0.05.
Results: Results The findings of this study showed that aging significantly reduced the expression of AMPK, PGC-1α and TFAM in the heart tissue of elderly rats (P = 0.000). After eight weeks of intervention, the expression of AMPK, PGC-1α, and TFAM increased significantly in both training groups compared to the control group (P = 0.000). Also, there was a significant difference between the training methods on the expression of AMPK, PGC-1α, TFAM (P = 0.000).
Conclusion: The results show that periodicity and resistance improve the expression of proteins associated with mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, having regular levels of intermittent and resistance training can be a good solution for favorable changes in cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly.

Keywords

References

  1. Seres, I., Paragh, G., Deschene, E., Fulop Jr, T., & Khalil, A. Study of factors influencing the
    decreased HDL associated PON1 activity with aging. Experimental gerontology. 2004.39(1),
    59-66.
    2. Raimundo, N. Mitochondrial pathology: stress signals from the energy factory. Trends in
    molecular medicine. 2014. 20(5), 282-292.
    3. Li, X., Liu, J., Lu, Q., Ren, D., Sun, X., Rousselle, T., ... & Li, J. AMPK: a therapeutic target
    of heart failure—not only metabolism regulation. Bioscience reports. 2019.39(1)
    4. Sonjak V, Jacob KJ, Spendiff S, Vuda M, Perez A, Miguez K, et al. Reduced mitochondrial
    content, elevated reactive oxygen species, and modulation by denervation in skeletal muscle of prefrail or frail elderly women. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological
    Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2019; 74(12):1887-95. [DOI:10.1093/gerona/glz066]
    [PMID]
    5. Dominy JE, Puigserver P. Mitochondrial biogenesis through activation of nuclear signaling
    proteins. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology. 2013; 5(1-16).
    6. Garesse R, Vallejo CG. Animal mitochondrial biogenesis and function: a regulatory crosstalk between two genomes. Gene. 2001; 263(1-2):1-16.
    7. Irrcher I, Adhihetty PJ, Sheehan T, Joseph AM, Hood DA. PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha
    expression during thyroid hormone- and contractile activity-induced mitochondrial
    adaptations. American journal of physiology Cell physiology. 2003;284(6):C1669-77.
    8. Wang C, Li Z, Lu Y, Du R, Katiyar S, Yang J, et al. Cyclin D1 repression of nuclear
    respiratory factor 1 integrates nuclear DNA synthesis and mitochondrial function.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
    2006;103(31):11567-72.
    9. Hardie DG. AMP-activated/SNF1 protein kinases: conserved guardians of cellular energy.
    Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology. 2007; 8(10):774-785.
    10. Meirhaeghe A, Crowley V, Lenaghan C, Lelliott C, Green K, Stewart A, et al.
    Characterization of the human, mouse and rat PGC1 beta (peroxisome-proliferator-activated
    receptor-gamma co-activator 1 beta) gene in vitro and in vivo. The biochemical journal.
    2003; 373(Pt 1):155-165.
    11. Jornayvaz FR, Shulman GI. Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Essays in biochemistry.
    2010; 47:69-84.
    12. Islam, H., Hood, D. A., & Gurd, B. J. Looking beyond PGC-1α: emerging regulators of
    exercise-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and their activation by dietary
    compounds. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2020. 45(1), 11-23.
    13. Valle, I., Álvarez-Barrientos, A., Arza, E., Lamas, S., & Monsalve, M. PGC-1α regulates the
    mitochondrial antioxidant defense system in vascular endothelial cells. Cardiovascular
    research.2005 .66(3), 562-573.
    14. REZAEI, R., NOURSHAHI, M., BIGDELI, M. R., KHODAGHOLI, F., & HAGHPARAST,
    A. .Effect of eight weeks continues and HIIT exercises on VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 levels in
    stratum, hippocampus and cortex of wistar rat brain,2015.
    15. de Cássia Marqueti, R., Almeida, J. A., Nakagaki, W. R., Guzzoni, V., Boghi, F., Renner, A.,
    ... & Selistre-de-Araújo, H. S. Resistance training minimizes the biomechanical effects of
    aging in three different rat tendons. Journal of biomechanics, 2017; 53, 29-35.
    16. Rotllan, N., Ramírez, C. M., Aryal, B., Esau, C. C., & Fernández-Hernando, C. Therapeutic
    silencing of microRNA-33 inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis in Ldlr−/− mice—brief
    report. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2013. 33(8), 1973-1977.
    17. Liu, H. T., & Pan, S. S. Late exercise preconditioning promotes autophagy against exhaustive
    exercise-induced myocardial injury through the activation of the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1
    pathway. BioMed Research International, 2019.
    18. Ma, S., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., & Cao, F. The role of the autophagy in myocardial
    ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of
    Disease, 2015; 1852(2), 271-276.
    19. Jokar, M., Sherafati Moghadam, M., Daryanoosh, F. The effect of a period of high-intensity
    interval training on the content of AMPK and PGC-1α proteins in the heart muscle tissue of
    rats with type 2 diabetes. Daneshvar Medicine, 29(1), 23-34. doi:
    10.22070/daneshmed.2021.12950.0
  2. 20. Jokar M, Sherafati Moghadam M, Salesi M. THE EFFECT OF ENDURANCE EXERCISE
    ON THE CONTENT OF AMPK AND PGC-1Α PROTEINS IN THE LEFT
    VENTRICULAR HEART TISSUE OF RATS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES. Ijdld, 2020; 19
    (5) :252-260. URL: http://ijdld.tums.ac.ir/article-1-5941-fa.html
    21. Aghaei Bahmanbeglou N, Sherafati Moghadam M, Amirahmadi M. The Effect of Ampk and
    P53 Proteins On Tor Pathway Following Endurance Training In The Left Ventricle Of The
    Heart Of Diabetic Rats By Streptozotocin And Nicotinamide. ijdld. 2021; 21 (1) :13-23.
    URL: http://ijdld.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6016-fa.html
    22. Esmailee, B., Abdi, A., Abbassi Daloii, A., & Farzanegi, P. The effect of aerobic exercise
    along with resveratrol supplementation on AMPK and MAFbx gene expression of
    myocardial diabetic rats. J Birjand Univ Med Sci, 2020; 27(2), 150-60.
    23. Moini A, Farsi S, Hoseini S, Mehrzad M. The Effect of Resistance Training on the
    Expression of Cardiac Muscle Growth Regulator Messenger Genes in Obese Male Rats.
    Armaghane danesh. 2019; 24 (5) :935-949. URL: http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-2570-
    fa.html
    24. Khalili, A., Nekooeian, A. A., & Khosravi, M. B. (2017). Oleuropein improves glucose
    tolerance and lipid profile in rats with simultaneous renovascular hypertension and type 2
    diabetes. Journal of Asian natural products research, 19(10), 1011-1021.
    25. Horman, S., Beauloye, C., Vanoverschelde, J. L., & Bertrand, L. AMP-activated protein
    kinase in the control of cardiac metabolism and remodeling. Current heart failure reports,
    2012; 9(3), 164-173.
    26. Casuso, R. A., Plaza-Díaz, J., Ruiz-Ojeda, F. J., Aragón-Vela, J., Robles-Sanchez, C.,
    Nordsborg, N. B., ... & Huertas, J. R. (). High-intensity high-volume swimming induces more
    robust signaling through PGC-1α and AMPK activation than sprint interval swimming in m.
    triceps brachii. PLoS One, 2017; 12(10), e0185494.
    27. Daniels, A., Van Bilsen, M., Janssen, B. J. A., Brouns, A. E., Cleutjens, J. P. M., Roemen, T.
    H. M., ... & Van Nieuwenhoven, F. A. Impaired cardiac functional reserve in type 2 diabetic
    db/db mice is associated with metabolic, but not structural, remodelling. Acta physiologica,
    2010; 200(1), 11-22.
    28. Khalafi, M., Mohebbi, H., Symonds, M. E., Karimi, P., Akbari, A., Tabari, E., ... &
    Moghaddami, K. The impact of moderate-intensity continuous or high-intensity interval
    training on adipogenesis and browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese male rats.
    Nutrients, 2020; 12(4), 925.
    29. Sturgeon, K., Muthukumaran, G., Ding, D., Bajulaiye, A., Ferrari, V., & Libonati, J. R.
    Moderate‐intensity treadmill exercise training decreases murine cardiomyocyte
    cross‐sectional area. Physiological reports, 2015; 3(5), e12406.
    30. Onyango, I. G., Lu, J., Rodova, M., Lezi, E., Crafter, A. B., & Swerdlow, R. H. Regulation
    of neuron mitochondrial biogenesis and relevance to brain health. Biochimica et Biophysica
    Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease. 2010.1802(1), 228-234.
    31. Chabi, B., Adhihetty, P. J., Ljubicic, V., & Hood, D. A. How is mitochondrial biogenesis
    affected in mitochondrial disease?. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2005; 37(12),
    2102-2110.
    32. Baghadam, M., Azizbeidi, K., & Baesi, K. THE EFFECT OF 8 WEEKS AEROBIC
    TRAINING ON CARDIAC PGC-1Α AND PLASMA IRISIN IN STZ-INDUCED
    DIABETICS’RATS. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism. 2019. 18(5), 228-235.
    33. Carter, H. N., Pauly, M., Tryon, L. D., & Hood, D. A. Effect of contractile activity on PGC1α transcription in young and aged skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2018.
    124(6), 1605-1615.
  3. 34. Halling, J. F., Ringholm, S., Olesen, J., Prats, C., & Pilegaard, H. Exercise training protects
    against aging-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in mouse skeletal muscle in a PGC-1α
    dependent manner. Experimental Gerontology. 2017. 96, 1-6.
    35. hadidi, V., Kordi, M., Gaeini, A., hadidi, V., Shafie, A., Hajati modaraie, M. Effect of eight
    weeks high intensity interval training on gene expression of PGC-1α, in male healthy rats
    fast-slow twitch muscles. Journal of Sport Biosciences, 2015; 7(4): 661-673. doi:
    10.22059/jsb.2015.57290
    36. Rahimifardin S, Seiahkoheian M, Bolboli L, Farhadi H. The effect of aerobic exercise
    training on hypoxia condition through PGC-1α angiogenesis signaling pathway in heart
    tissue of male westar rats. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. 2020
    Jul 18;42(3):263-72.
    37. Chavanelle, V., Boisseau, N., Otero, Y. F., Combaret, L., Dardevet, D., Montaurier, C., ... &
    Sirvent, P. Effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous
    training on glycaemic control and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in db/db mice.
    Scientific reports, 2017; 7(1), 1-10.
    38. Kandi Asadi RH, Arshadi S, Banaei Far AA, Rasouli MH. The effect of 12-week aerobic
    trainings on mitochondrial biogenesis indicators in skeletal muscle among male rats. Medical
    Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences & Health Services. 2020 Aug 1;42(3).
    39. Taghibeikzadehbadr, P., shabkhiz, F., shahrbanian, S. Expression of PGC-1 alpha isoforms in
    response to eccentric and concentric resistance training in healthy subjects. Journal of Sport
    Biosciences, 2020; 11(4): 447-462. doi: 10.22059/jsb.2019.287895.1360
    40. Damirchi, A., & Ebadi, B. (2019). The effects of the intensity of interval training on
    mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins in the heart of male rats with myocardial infarction.
    Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 14(28), 159-172.
    41. Baghdam, Mohammad, Mohammadzadeh Salamat, Khalid, Azizbeigi, Kamal, Bahazi,
    Kazem. The effect of resistance training on irzin and expression of PGC1α gene in the heart
    muscle of STZ diabetic rats. Community health,1397 ; 12(3): 58-64. doi:
    10.22123/chj.2019.130374.1139
    42. Shabani, M., Choobineh, S., Kordi, M. R., & Afghan, M. The Effect of 8 Weeks of High
    Intensity Interval Training on the Expression of PGC-1α and VEGF Genes in Myocardial
    Muscle of Male Healthy Rats. Journal of Sport Biosciences, 2016; 8(2), 169-176.
    43. Millay, D. P., & Olson, E. N. Making muscle or mitochondria by selective splicing of PGC1α. Cell metabolism, 2013; 17(1), 3-4.
    44. Kang, C., & Ji, L. L. Role of PGC-1α signaling in skeletal muscle health and disease. Annals
    of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2012; 1271(1), 110.
    45. Lowell, B. B., & Shulman, G. I. Mitochondrial dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. Science,
    2005; 307(5708), 384-387.
    46. Ventura-Clapier, R., Garnier, A., & Veksler, V. Transcriptional control of mitochondrial
    biogenesis: the central role of PGC-1α. Cardiovascular research, 2008; 79(2), 208-217.
    47. Berg JM T, Stryer L translated by Mohammadi R. Biochemistry. Aeizh. 2012.
    48. Lee, H., Kim, K., Kim, B., Shin, J., Rajan, S., Wu, J., ... & Park, J. Y. A cellular mechanism
    of muscle memory facilitates mitochondrial remodelling following resistance training. The
    Journal of physiology, 2018; 596(18), 4413-4426.
    49. Wibom , R., Hultman, E., Johansson, M., Matherei, K., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., & Schantz,
    P. G. Adaptation of mitochondrial ATP production in human skeletal muscle to endurance
    training and detraining. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1992; 73(5), 2004-2010.
  4. 50. Hamidie, R. D. R., Yamada, T., Ishizawa, R., Saito, Y., & Masuda, K. Curcumin treatment
    enhances the effect of exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle by increasing
    cAMP levels. Metabolism, 2015; 64(10), 1334-1347.
    51. Kang, C., & Ji, L. L. Role of PGC-1α signaling in skeletal muscle health and disease. Annals
    of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2012; 1271(1), 110.
    52. Wang, C., Li, Z., Lu, Y., Du, R., Katiyar, S., Yang, J., ... & Pestell, R. G. Cyclin D1
    repression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 integrates nuclear DNA synthesis and
    mitochondrial function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2006; 103(31),
    11567-11572.
    53. Theilen NT, Kunkel GH, Tyagi SC. The role of exercise and TFAM in preventing skeletal
    muscle atrophy. Journal of Cellular Physiology. 2017; 232(9):2348-58.
    [DOI:10.1002/jcp.25737] [PMID] [PMCID]
    54. Ahmadi F, Siahkouhian M, Mirdar S, Tapak L. The Effect of a Detraining After Resistance
    Training on the Histochemical Expression of Potassium Channels and Mitochondrial
    Biogenesis of Heart Tissue in Male Rats. Horizon Med Sci. 2021; 27 (2) :230-245. URL:
    http://hms.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-3501-fa.html
    55. Bakhtiyari, A., Gaeni, A., Choobineh, S., Kordi, M., Hedayati, M. The Comparison of the
    Influence of 12-Week High- Intensity Interval Training and Continuous Moderate Intensity
    Training on PGC-1α and Tfam Mitochondrial Proteins Expressions in Gastrocnemius Muscle
    of Elderly Rats. Journal of Animal Biology, 2019; 11(4): 11-20.
    56. Sharafi Dehrhm, F., Soori, R., Rastegar MM, M., & Sadegh, A. The effect of high intensity
    interval training on muscular biomarkers of mitochondrial biogenesis in male rats. Journal of
    Babol University of Medical Sciences, 2017; 19(6), 57-63.
    57. Gahramani M, Karbalaeifar S. Effect of eight weeks high intensity interval training on NRF1, 2 and Tfam gene expressione levels in ST muscles in rats with myocardial infarction.
    Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. 2019 Dec 19;41(6):75-82.
    58. Tabari, E., Mohebbi, H. The effects of high and moderate intensity interval training on
    skeletal muscle of TFAM and NRF1 in type2 diabetic male rats. Journal of Practical Studies
    of Biosciences in Sport, 2021; (): -. doi: 10.22077/jpsbs.2020.3640.1579
    59. Granata, C., Oliveira, R. S., Little, J. P., Renner, K., & Bishop, D. J. Mitochondrial
    adaptations to high‐volume exercise training are rapidly reversed after a reduction in training
    volume in human skeletal muscle. The FASEB journal, 2016; 30(10), 3413-3423.
    O'Hagan, K. A., Cocchiglia, S., Zhdanov, A. V., Tambuwala, M. M., Cummins, E. P.,
    Monfared, M., ... & Allan, B. B. PGC-1α is coupled to HIF-1α-dependent gene expression
    by increasing mitochondrial oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle cells. Proceedings of
    the National Academy of Sciences, 2009; 106(7), 2188-2193.
Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences
Volume 64, Issue 1
March and April 2021
Pages 2511-2528

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics