Comparison of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Sleep Problems in Patients Recovered from COVID-19 and Healthy Individuals

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in addition to it's high rate of transmission and high mortality, affects mental health of individuals, and since the rate of psychological trauma of traumatic events is wider and more enduring than that of physical trauma; the purpose of this study was to compare obsessive-compulsive symptoms and sleep problems in patients recovered from COVID-19 and healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive causal-comparative study. 100 patients recovered from COVID-19 and 100 healthy individuals were selected as the research sample by available sampling method from students of Iranian universities of medical sciences. Both groups completed the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including multivariate analysis of variance were used. Results: The results of statistical tests showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in all subscales of obsessive-compulsive symptoms except hoarding subscale and the mean scores of patients recovered from COVID-19 were higher in these components (P<0.05). There was also a significant difference between the two groups in variables of sleep problems in all components except the subjective sleep quality, sleep latency and the use of sleep medication, and patients recovered from COVID-19 suffered more from sleep problems (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, development of appropriate educational and treatment programs to reduce the obsessive-compulsive symptoms and sleep problems in community members especially the patients recovered from COVID-19 is recommended.

Keywords

References

Gao GF. From “A”IV to “Z”IKV: Attacks from Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens. Cell Press 2018; 172(6): 1157-1159.
2. Beiraghi Fard A, Kargar F. The Role of Lifestyle in Health and Prevention of Corona Disease. Journal of Applied Studies in
Social Sciences and Society 2020; 3(1): 47-53. [In Persian].
3. Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett KS, Goldsmith JA, Hsieh CL, Abiona O, Graham BS, McLellan JS. Cryo-EM structure of the
2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science 2020; 367(6483): 1260-1263.
 4. Pan F, Ye T, Sun P, et al. Time Course of Lung Changes On Chest CT During Recovery From 2019 Novel Coronavirus
(COVID-19) Pneumonia. Radiology 2020; 295(3): 200-370.
 5. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical Features Of Patients Infected With 2019 Novel Coronavirus In Wuhan, China.
Lancet 2020; 395(10223): 497-506.
6. Yang X, YuY, Xu J, Shu H, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS CoV-2 pneumonia
in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet 2020; 8: 475-481.
7. Pierce M, Hope H, Ford T, Hatch S, Hotopf M, John A. Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic:
a longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7: 642- 50.
8. Dalir M. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and the outbreak of coronavirus disease: A review of existing knowledge. Rooyeshe-Ravanshenasi 2020; 9(7): 15-24. [In Persian].
9. Jacoby RJ, Leonard RC, Riemann BC, Abramowitz JS. Predictors of quality of life and functional impairment in obsessivecompulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55(5):1195-202.
10. Benatti B, Albert U, Maina G, Fiorillo A, Celebre L, Girone N , Fineberg N, Bramante S, Rigardetto S, Dell’Osso B. What
Happened to Patients With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Multicentre Report From Tertiary
Clinics in Northern Italy. frontiers in Psychiatry 2020; 720(11): 1-5.
11. Rusmussen SA, Eisen JI. Clinical features and Phenomenology of Obsessive-Compulsive disorder. Psychiatric Annals 1989;
19: 67-73.
12. Shafran R, Coughtrey A, Whittal M. Recognising and addressing the impact of COVID-19 on obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7(7): 570-572.
13. Banerjee DD. The other side of COVID-19: Impact on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and hoarding. Psychiatry Res
2020; 288: 112966.
14. Baddeley M. Hoarding in the Age of COVID-19. Journal Behavioral Economics for Policy 2020; 4(S): 69-75.
15. Hayes RD, Martin SA, Sesti AM, Spitzer K. Psychometric properties of the medical outcomes study sleep measure. Sleep
Med 2005; 6: 41-49.
16. Stewart R, Besset A, Bebbington P, Brugha T, Lindesay J, Jenkins R, Singleton N, Meltzer H. Insomnia comorbidity and
impact and hypnotic use by age group in a national survey population aged 16 to 74 years. Sleep 2006; 29(11): 1391-7.
17. Fiorentino L, Ancoli-Israel S. Insomnia and its treatment in women with breast cancer. Sleep medicine Reviews 2006; 10:
419-29.
18. Moran MG, Stoudemire A. Sleep disorders in medically ill patients. J Clin Psychiat 1992; 53(6): 29- 36.
 19. Rezaei Ardani A, Talaei A, Nejati R, Sabouri S, Solooti S, Hoseini SA. Assessment the rules of demographic variables and
body mass index in sleep quality among medical students. J Fundamentals Mental Health 2012; 14: 132-139. [In
Persian].
 20. Reynolds KC, Gradisar M, Alfano CA. Sleep in Children and Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Sleep Med
Clin 2015; 10(2): 133-141.
21. Yazdanpanah F, Teimory S. Compare sleep disorders in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal. Rooyeshe-Ravanshenasi 2018; 7(7): 245-260. [In Persian].
22. Dalir M. The Role of Obsessive Beliefs including Responsibility, Perfectionism, and Importance of Thoughts in Sleep Quality.
Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi 2020; 9(1): 1-8. [In Persian].
23. Paterson, J. L., Reynolds, A. C., Ferguson, S. A., & Dawson, D. Sleep and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Journal of
Sleep Medicine Reviews 2013; 17: 465-474.
24. Foa EB, Huppert JD, Leiberg S, Langner R, Kichic R, Hajcak G, et al. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory:
Developmentand validation of a short version. Psychological Assessment 2002; 14: 485- 96.
25. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for
psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989; 28(2): 193-213.
26. Fontenelle LF, Miguel EC. The Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder. Depression and Anxiety 2020; 6: 510-512.
27. Lacomba-Trejo L, Valero-Moreno S, Postigo-Zegarra, S, Perez-Marin, M, Montoya-Castilla, I. Family adjustment during the
COVID-19 pandemic: a dyad study. Revista De Psicologia Clinica Con Ninos Y Adolescentes 2020; 7(3): 66-
72.
28. Miri Z, Razavi Z, Mohammadi Sh. Evaluation of stress, anxiety, depression and sleep disorders in students of Hamedan
University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 epidemic. Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020; 4(1): 232-238. [InPersian].
29. Altena E, Vrenken H, Van Der Werf YD, van den Heuvel OA, Van Someren EJ. Reduced orbitofrontal and parietal gray
matter in chronic insomnia: a voxel-based morphometric study. Biological Psychiatry 2010, 67(2): 182-185.
30. Timpano KR, Carbonella JY, Bernert RA, Schmidt NB. Obsessive compulsive symptoms and sleep difficulties: Exploring the
unique relationship between insomnia and obsessions. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 57: 101-107. 
medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences
Volume 64, Issue 5
March and April 2022
Pages 4097-4107

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics