Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences

Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences

The effect of six weeks of high-intensity interval training and fenugreek supplementation on indicators of immune system in overweight and obese women.

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Khadije Ebrahimi 1
Mahdi Mogharnasi 2
1 Graduate of Master of Exercise Physiology, , University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
2 Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.(Corresponding Auther)
10.22038/mjms.2022.62338.3676
Abstract
Introduction: The immune system acts as the body's defense mechanism against invasion, protecting people through a variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intense intermittent exercise and fenugreek supplementation on some immune system indices in overweight and obese women.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study (RCT), (age range, 25±5 years and BMI, 30±2.5kg/m2), were selected purposefully and Using Power software, they were divided into four groups of exercise + fenugreek supplement(n=12), exercise + placebo(n=12), fenugreek supplement(n=12) and placebo(n=12). The exercise group + fenugreek supplement and exercise + placebo performed the shuttle thigh test at maximum speed for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week. The fenugreek and placebo supplement group did not participate in any sport program. Blood samples (for assessment of Leukocytes, lymphocytes and immunoglobulins levels) were collected before, immediately after training. Data were analyzed using Shapro wick test, one-way analysis of variance, dependent t-test and Scheffe post hoc at a significant level (p< 0.05).
Results: In this study, IGM, IGA and lymphocyte levels changed meaning and IgG and leukocyte levels increased significantly after 6 weeks of intense intermittent training and fenugreek supplementation (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of the current study, High -intensity interval training and fenugreek supplementation affects the levels of immunoglobulins, lymphocytes and leukocytes.
Keywords
High-intensity interval training
fenugreek supplement
immune system
overweight and obese women

  1.  

    1. Cheraghpour M, Shahsavani B, Zand H, Davoodi H, Homayounfar R, Ehrampoush E. Obesity and immunity. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology. 2013 :7(5):669-678.
    2. Mackinnon LT. Immunity in athletes. Int J Sports Med.1999: 18 Suppl 1: S62-8.
    3. Jaheway J, Travers T.Immunobiology:The Immune System in Health and Disease. Garland Publishing Inc.: New York.1997.
    4. Malm C, Ekblom O, Ekblom B. Immune system alteration in response to two consecutive soccer games. Acta Physiol Scand,2004: 180(2): 143-55.
    5. De Meirelles L, Mendes‐Ribeiro A, Mendes M, Da Silva M, John Clive Ellory J, Mann G, et al. Chronic exercise reduces platelet activation in hypertension: upregulation of the l‐argininenitric oxide pathway. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.2009: 19(1): 67-74.
    6. David B, Leslie H, Cris A, Andrew H, Leslie K, Janet L ,et al. Ten weeks of high-intensity interval walk training is associated with reduced disease activity and improved innate immune function in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study. Arthritis Research & Therapy.2018:20(127).
    7. Alizad R, Mottaqian A, Moradi L. The effects of 8 weeks of high intensity interval resistance training on E-selectin and white blood cell indices.2019:6(1):45-52.
    8. Daniels SR, Arnett DK, Eckel RH, Gidding SS, Hayman LL, kumanyika S, et al. Overweight in children and adolescent’s pathophysiology, consequences, prevention and treatment. Circulation Journal. 2005:11(6):1999–2012.
    9. Meydani M, Hasan ST. Dietary polyphenols and obesity. Nutrients.2010: 2(7):737-51.
    10. Mohammadzadeh maraninchi-M. henry M. Armougomf . Richet H . »carrier P – et al . ob essty – associated gut microbiota is enriched in cactobacillus reuteri and deplefed in bifidobacterium animalis and methanobrevibacter smithii«. Intj obes(lond) . 2017: 36(6):817-25.
    11. Yoo KM, Lee CH, Lee H, Moon B, Lee CY. Relative antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of common herbs. Food Chemistry. 2008; 106:929–936.
    12. Mullaicharam, AR; Geetali Deori; Uma Maheswari R. Medicinal Values of Fenugreek – A Review. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences,2013: 4 (1), 1304-1313.
    13. Shokrzadeh Wentz.L.M.» The compelling link between physical activity and the bodyis defense system«. J.Sport Heal. 2017:  Sci,201-217.
    14. F.A.Guardiola .C.Messina A.Mahdhi R.Cerezuela A.Santulli A.Bakhrouf M A.Esteban. Effects of dietary administration of fenugreek seeds, alone or in combination with probiotics, on growth performance parameters, humoral immune response and gene expression of gilthead seabream .Sparus aurata L.2017: 50-58.
    15. Awad E, Cerezuela R, Ángeles Esteban R. Effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) on gilthead seabream, immune status and growth performance. .Sparus aurata L. Aug 2015: 45(2):454-64.
    16. Aziz Beigi, Mahnaz; Nazar Ali, Parvaneh; Hedayati, Mehdi; Ramadan Khani, Azam» The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise on the level of leptin, vaspin and some indicators of oxidative stress in obese middle-aged women«. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bimonthly Journal of the Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center. 1396: 16 (2): 118-111.
    17. D. S.Ollis.S. Young. J.D. Thomas.N.E. Cooper.S.M. Tong.T.K.et al. The effects of time and intensity of exersice on novel and established markers of CVD in adolescent youth. American Jornal of Human Biology . 2011: 23(4).517-526.
    18. Gunga HC, Machotta A, Schobersberger W, Mittermayr M, Kirsch K, Koralewski E, Röcker L. Neopterin, IgG, IgA,IgM, and plasma volume changes during long-distance running. Pteridines 2002;13(1):15-20.19.
    19. Asadbakhty A, Choobine S, Kordi MR. The effect of a training session soccer simulation on the concentration of IgA,IgG, IgM and cortisol in male soccer players. Sport Physiol 2012;4(15):83-96. [Full Text in Persian]
    20. Dennis P,  Zinner Ch, Billy S. The Mucosal      Immune Function Is Not Compromised during a Period of High-Intensity Interval Training. Is It Time to Reconsider an Old Assumption. Front Physiol. 2017; 8: 485.
    21. Daniel SR, Arnett DK, Eckel RH, Gidding SS, Hayman LL, kumanyika S, et al. Overweight in children and adolescent’s pathophysiology, consequences, prevention and treatment. Circulation Journal. 2005;11(6):1999–2012.
    22. Córdova A, Sureda A, Tur JA, Pons A. Immune response to exercise in elite sportsmen during the competitive season. Journal of Physiology and biochemistry. 2010; 66(1): 1-6.
    23. Azizbeigi K, Azarbayjani MA, Peeri M, Agha-Alinejad H, Stannard S. The effect of progressive resistance training on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in erythrocytes in untrained men.Int J Sport NutrExercMetab. 2013:23(3):230-8.
    24. Shirvani H, Ghahreman Tabrizi K , Sobhani V. Effects of high intensity intermittent exercise on serum response in Immunoglobulin’s and Complement system youth soccer players. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2013; 20 (3): 233-243
    25. Safaei M , Mujtahid H,  Ghorbani F,  Qara Daghi N.The effect of eight weeks of intermittent aerobic exercise on immunoglobulin levels M and G, A, plasma of obese and normal men. Sports Life Sciences.2016:8(2):221-230.
    26. Karampour S, Valizadeh R, Darakhshannezhad M, Hedayatmanesh Z.Comparison of Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) and Cortisol Serum Response Following Resistance and High Intensity Interval Exercises. Jundishapur Sci Med J 2017;16(1):13-23.
    27. Vahid I, Valiollah S, Mehdi A. The effects of physical activity on homoral immune system (IgA, IgG, IgM). Procedia- Soc Behav Sci 2009;1(1):2718-21.
    28. McKune A, Smith L, Semple S, Wadee A. Influence of ultra-endurance exercise on immunoglobulin isotypes and subclasses. Br J Sports Med. 2005; 39(9): 665-70.
    29. Shirvani H, Sobhani V. The study of immunoglobulin A, G and cortisol serum response in two consecutive soccer match and vitamin C supplements. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences.2015; 22(133): 70-99.
    30. Gonçalves CAM, Dantas PMS, Dos Santos IK, Dantas M, da Silva DCP, Cabral BGAT, et al. Effect of Acute and Chronic Aerobic Exercise on Immunological Markers: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Physiology. 2020; 10:1602. 10:1602.
    31. Mohr M, Draganidis D, Chatzinikolaou A, Barbero-Álvarez JC, Castagna C, Douroudos I, et al. Muscle damage, inflammatory, immune and performance responses to three football games in 1 week in competitive male players. European journal of applied physiology.2016: 116(1):179-93.
    32. Bilal Bin-Hafeez , Rizwanul Haque, Suhel Parvez, Suwarna Pandey, Iqbal Sayeed, S Raisuddin. Immunomodulatory effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract in mice. Feb2003, 3(2):257-65.
    33. Taylor L, Poole Ch, Pena E, Lewing M, Kreider R, Foster C, Wilborn C.Effects of Combined Creatine plus Fenugreek Extract vs. Creatine plus Carbohydrate Supplementation on Resistance Training Adaptations. J Sports Sci Med. 2011:10(2): 254–260.
    34. Wankhede S, Mohan V, Thakurdesai P.Beneficial effects of fenugreek glycodide supplementation in male subjects during resistance training: A randomized controlled pilot study. J Sport Health Sci.2016: 5(2):176-182.
    35. Hosseini S A, Hamzavi Kh, Salehi O.Interactive effect of swimming training and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract on glycemic indices and lipid profile in diabetic rats.2020.
    36. Lee NH, Jung HC, Lee S. Red Ginseng as an Ergogenic Aid: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Journal of Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry. 2016; 31; 20(4):13-19.
Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences
Volume 65, Issue 1
May and June 2022
Pages 193-203