The effect of endurance, resistance and combined training on HIF1 gene expression, plasma PGC1a levels and body composition of overweight elderly men

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD candidate, Sport Medicine Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad.Iran

2 Assistant professor, Sport Medicine Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad. Iran (Corresponding Author)

3 Assistant professor, Sport Medicine Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad. Iran.

4 Assistant professor, Sport Medicine Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad. Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Nowadays, obesity and overweight are known as one of the causes of many diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance, resistance and combined exercises on HIF1 gene expression, PGC1a plasma levels and body composition of overweight elderly men.
Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were 40 overweight elderly men who were randomly divided into four endurance groups (n=12), resistance training group (n=12), combined training group (n=12) and control group (n=12) with age ranges. 60.75 ± 3.42 (years), weight 92.06 ± 2.84 (kg), height 1.73 ± 3.25 (m), body mass (kg/m2) 30.51 ± 1.59, the percentage of fat was 28.38 ± 1.40. The resistance training group (60-80% 1RM), the endurance training group (60-75% VO2max) and the combined training group performed their exercises for eight weeks (3 sessions per week). In order to measure HIF1 gene expression in white blood cells, Real-time PCR method and ELISA method was used for PGC1a plasma levels. To analyze the data, one-way Anova and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used at a significance level of 0.05.
Findings: The results showed that all three types of exercise significantly increased HIF1 gene expression (P<0.001), increased PGC1a (P<0.001), decreased fat mass (P<0.001), and a significant decrease in body mass index (BMI) (P<0.001) compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the experimental groups.
Conclusion: It seems that endurance, resistance and combined exercises increase factors related to the health of the elderly.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Hajam YA, Rani R, Ganie SY, Sheikh TA, Javaid D, Qadri SS, et al. Oxidative stress in human pathology and aging: molecular mechanisms and perspectives. Cells. 2022;11(3):552.
  2. Aron L, Zullo J, Yankner BA. The adaptive aging brain. Current opinion in neurobiology. 2022;72:91-100.
  3. Murach KA, Dimet‐Wiley AL, Wen Y, Brightwell CR, Latham CM, Dungan CM, et al. Late‐life exercise mitigates skeletal muscle epigenetic aging. Aging cell. 2022;21(1):e13527.
  4. Hancková M, Betáková T. Pandemics of the 21st Century: The Risk Factor for Obese People. Viruses. 2021;14(1):25.
  5. Gilanipour A, Shojaeifar S, Alidoosti F, Nematy M, Moghaddaszadeh Bazzaz M. Comparing cognitive and impulsive processes in obese and non-obese people. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2021;23(6):417-24.
  6. Ciobârcă DM, Cătoi AF, Copăescu C, Miere D, Crişan G. Nutritional status prior to bariatric surgery for severe obesity: a review. Medicine and Pharmacy Reports. 2022;95(1):24.
  7. Cheng D, Zhao X, Yang S, Cui H, Wang G. Metabolomic signature between metabolically healthy overweight/obese and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese: a systematic review. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 2021;14:991.
  8. Fernandez CJ, George AS, Subrahmanyan NA, Pappachan JM. Epidemiological link between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer. World Journal of Methodology. 2021;11(3):23.
  9. Mezu-Ndubuisi OJ, Maheshwari A. The role of integrins in inflammation and angiogenesis. Pediatric research. 2021;89(7):1619-26.
  10. Chao Y, Zhong Z-F, Sheng-Peng W, Chi-Teng V, Bin Y, Yi-Tao W. HIF-1: structure, biology and natural modulators. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines. 2021;19(7):521-7.
  11. Babaei A, Moradi S, Hoseinkhani Z, Rezazadeh D, Dokaneheifard S, Asadpour R, et al. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor1-α in varicocele disease: A comprehensive systematic review. Reproductive Sciences. 2021:1-13.
  12. Heidarpour S, Ghahramani M, Hosseinpour Delavar S. Effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training on the expression of HIF-1 and VEGF genes in the myocardium of male rats with myocardial infarction. Armaghane danesh. 2021;26(4):0-.
  13. Kon M, Ebi Y, Nakagaki K. Hormonal, metabolic, and angiogenic responses to all-out sprint interval exercise under systemic hyperoxia. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2022;63:101445.
  14. Slivka DR, Heesch MW, Dumke CL, Cuddy JS, Hailes WS, Ruby BC. Human skeletal muscle mRNA response to a single hypoxic exercise bout. Wilderness & environmental medicine. 2014;25(4):462-5.
  15. Nakazawa H, Ikeda K, Shinozaki S, Kobayashi M, Ikegami Y, Fu M, et al. Burn-induced muscle metabolic derangements and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with activation of HIF-1α and mTORC1: Role of protein farnesylation. Scientific reports. 2017;7(1):1-14.
  16. Korbecki J, Simińska D, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Listos J, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, et al. Chronic and cycling hypoxia: Drivers of cancer chronic inflammation through HIF-1 and NF-κB activation: A review of the molecular mechanisms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021;22(19):10701.
  17. Chandel NS. Signaling and metabolism. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2021;13(2):a040600.
  18. Soori R, Amini AA, Choobineh S, Eskandari A, Behjat A, Ghram A, et al. Exercise attenuates myocardial fibrosis and increases angiogenesis-related molecules in the myocardium of aged rats. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry. 2022;128(1):1-6.
  19. Bokov R, Popov D. Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Human Skeletal Muscles Induced by Aerobic Exercise and Disuse. Human Physiology. 2022;48(3):261-70.
  20. Krammer UD, Sommer A, Tschida S, Mayer A, Lilja SV, Switzeny OJ, et al. PGC-1α Methylation, miR-23a, and miR-30e Expression as Biomarkers for Exercise-and Diet-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Capillary Blood from Healthy Individuals: A Single-Arm Intervention. Sports. 2022;10(5):73.
  21. Ağaşcioğlu EA, Thirupathi A. Aging and Exercise-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species. Redox Signaling and Biomarkers in Ageing: Springer; 2022. p. 97-114.
  22. dos Santos JAC, Veras ASC, Batista VRG, Tavares MEA, Correia RR, Suggett CB, et al. Physical exercise and the functions of microRNAs. Life Sciences. 2022:120723.
  23. Lewis Luján LM, McCarty MF, Di Nicolantonio JJ, Gálvez Ruiz JC, Rosas-Burgos EC, Plascencia-Jatomea M, et al. Nutraceuticals/drugs promoting mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis may combat the mitochondrial dysfunction driving progression of dry age-related macular degeneration. Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1985.
  24. Huang L-P, Yao M, Wang Y-L, Davie A, Zhou S. A comparison of PGC-1α mRNA and protein expression in response to 1-week endurance training on alternate days or 4 consecutive days. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2015;40(11):1210-3.
  25. Gibala MJ, McGee SL, Garnham AP, Howlett KF, Snow RJ, Hargreaves M. Brief intense interval exercise activates AMPK and p38 MAPK signaling and increases the expression of PGC-1α in human skeletal muscle. Journal of applied physiology. 2009;106(3):929-34.
  26. Alavizadeh NS, Rashidlamir A, Hejazi SM. Effect of eight weeks aerobic and combined training on serum levels of sirtuin 1 and PGC-1α in coronary artery bypass graft patients. Medical Laboratory Journal. 2018;12(5):50-6.
  27. Little JP, Safdar A, Wilkin GP, Tarnopolsky MA, Gibala MJ. A practical model of low‐volume high‐intensity interval training induces mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle: potential mechanisms. The Journal of physiology. 2010;588(6):1011-22.
  28. Terada S, Kawanaka K, Goto M, Shimokawa T, Tabata I. Effects of high‐intensity intermittent swimming on PGC‐1α protein expression in rat skeletal muscle. Acta physiologica scandinavica. 2005;184(1):59-65.
  29. Leick L, Wojtaszewski JF, Johansen ST, Kiilerich K, Comes G, Hellsten Y, et al. PGC-1α is not mandatory for exercise-and training-induced adaptive gene responses in mouse skeletal muscle. American journal of physiology-endocrinology and metabolism. 2008;294(2):E463-E74.
  30. Heywood S, Wadley G, McConell G. The effect of acute exercise on skeletal muscle SIRT1. Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory. 2011;59(6):177-84.
  31. Zarezadehmehrizi A, Rajabi H, Gharakhanlou R, Naghdi N, Azimidokht SMA. Effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on genes expression of hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiostatin in hippocampus of male rats with wistar model. SSU_Journals. 2020;27(11):2063-75.
  32. Frändin K, Mellström D, Sundh V, Grimby G. A life span perspective on patterns of physical activity and functional performance at the age of 76. Gerontology. 1995;41(2):109-20.
  33. Kazeminasab F. The effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and resveratrol on expression of genes involved in thermogenesis and lipid profile in male C57BL/6 mice. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology. 2022;9(1):164-75.
  34. Liu H-W, Chang S-J. Moderate exercise suppresses NF-κB signaling and activates the SIRT1-AMPK-PGC1α Axis to attenuate muscle loss in diabetic db/db mice. Frontiers in physiology. 2018;9:636.
medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences
Volume 66, Issue 2
July and August 2023
Pages 286-298

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics