Mental, behavioral and emotional disorders of children are formed under the influence of various factors. Among the factors affecting this process, we can mention the psychological characteristics of mothers. Based on this, the aim of this research was to predict children's mental disorders based on the personality traits and attachment styles of mothers. The research was of applied type and descriptive-correlation research method. The statistical population included mothers of preschool children and their children in the fall of 2021. From among the statistical population, 50 people were selected as a sample using available sampling method. The research tools included the attachment style questionnaire (Hazan and Shaver, 1987), the big 5 personality factor questionnaire (Costa and McCrae, 1995) and the children's abilities and problems questionnaire (Goodman, 1997). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression using SPSS version 23 software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between mothers' neuroticism and all children's mental disorders. Also, the results indicated that mothers' secure attachment has a significant relationship with all children's mental disorders except behavior problems. In addition, mothers' avoidant attachment has a significant relationship with all children's mental disorders, except the problem with peers. Ambivalent attachment in mothers showed a significant relationship only with behavior problems, hyperactivity problems and the total score of mental disorders. Finally, regression analysis in this research showed that mothers' neuroticism and agreeableness can predict children's mental disorders.