Document Type : Review article
Authors
1
PhD, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2
MD-PhD, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; saberiInternational UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Various studies have focused on the association between copper intake and CVD in epidemiological studies; however, the effects of dietary copper in CVD remains controversial. Some animal model studies have observed a strong association between copper intake and atherogenesis based on molecular pathways, while other studies were unable to confirm this correlation. Clinical trials have not demonstrated a clear link between copper intake and CVD, and the optimal copper intake to reduce the risk of developing CVDs remain unclear. Magnesium is another crucial element that plays essential roles in various biological processes. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have reported that individuals with high magnesium intake have a lower risk of developing CVD. It has been observed that increased magnesium intake reduces the risk of CVD risk factors and CVD. The study also indicated that individuals with high magnesium intake have a lower risk of developing hypertension and diabetes. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on the link between copper and magnesium intake and CVD. Furthermore, more thorough RCTs are required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms involved in the effect of magnesium on cardiovascular health.
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