Introduction: The aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy group and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on self-compassion in hemodialysis patients. 
Methods: The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group with follow-up. The statistical population of this research included all hemodialysis patients referred to the dialysis center of Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Shahrood city in 1402, numbering 211 people. The research sample included 45 people and the purposive sampling method was used. Research tools include; The questionnaire was the self-compassion questionnaire of Neaf (2003), as well as the therapeutic protocol of cognitive-behavioral therapy (Valsaraj et al., 2021) and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness (Segal et al., 2013) was used. The data was analyzed using the statistical test of mixed analysis of variance.
Results: The findings showed that the two intervention methods of cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness had a significant effect on improving self-compassion in hemodialysis patients in the post-test. There was a difference between the scores of the self-compassion in the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up regardless of the type of intervention. Among the two intervention methods of cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy was more effective in increasing self-compassion in hemodialysis patients (P<0.001).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that with both methods of cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, especially cognitive behavioral therapy which was more effective, the recovery in hemodialysis patients can be accelerated.