Self-care Behaviors of Patients with Diabetes Referring to Comprehensive Health Centers in Gorgan City: An Application of the Health Belief Model

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Ph.D of Health Education and Promotion, Nursing Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

3 General Physician, International Campus, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

10.22038/mjms.2024.82631.4763

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease across the world. The most important cause of death in diabetic patients is lack of self-care. The present study was conducted to investigate the status of self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes referring to comprehensive rural health centers in Gorgan city in 2023 year.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 400 diabetic patients referred to health houses in Gorgan city were examined. The data collection tool was the standard SDSCA (Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities) questionnaire and the standard self-care behavior questionnaire based on the health belief model.

Results: There was an inverse correlation between age and awareness (p<0.05). A statistically significant and inverse relationship was observed between the perceived severity and self-care behavior (p<0.05). There was an inverse relationship between perceived fasting blood sugar, perceived barriers, and the amount of physical activity (p<0.05).

Conclusion: According to the low level of patient’s awareness, it is suggested that measures be taken to improve the level of awareness of the patients and consequently to increase their perceived sensitivity and severity so that the possible subsequent interventions and routine training of the patients can be carried out more effectively.

Keywords

References

  1. Khin ET, Aung MN, Ueno S, Ahmad I, Latt TS, Moolphate S, et al. Social support between diabetes patients and non-diabetes persons in Yangon, Myanmar: A study applying enriched social support instrument. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(14):7302.
  2. Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet P. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2010;87(1):4-14.
  3. Roglic G, Obstetrics. Diabetes in women: the global perspective. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2009;104:S11-S3.
  4. Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 19e: Mcgraw-hill New York, NY, USA. International Journal of Cardiology. 2015; 209:70-71.
  5. Tol A, Sharifirad G, Shojaezadeh D, Tavasoli E, Azadbakht L. Socio-economic factors and diabetes consequences among patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2013;(1):12.
  6. Hoseinikhah M, Monsheie GH, Ebrahimi A. Prediction of Self-care behavior based on Hardiness, Hope and Dysfunction Attitude among patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences. 2014;12(2):217-25.
  7. Vasli P, Eshghbaz F. Survey condition regarding self-caring of children suffering from diabetes type 1 and It’s relation with family reaction. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2009;19(69):38-44.
  8. Baghaei P, Zandi M, Vares Z, Masoudi Alavi N, Adib-Hajbaghery M. Self care situation in diabetic patients referring to Kashan Diabetes Center, in 2005. Feyz Medical Sciences Journal. 2008;12(1):88-93.
  9. Baghiani M, Taheri G, Fallahzadeh H, Parsa M. The effect of instructional designed SMS based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on adoption of self-care behavior of patients with type II diabetes. 2014.
  10. Barati M. Predicting factors related to self-care behaviors among type 2 diabetic patients based on health belief model. Journal of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences. 2014;1(4):16-25.
  11. Mohammad Sharifi Darani M, Jalili Z, Hassanzadeh A. Impact of Health Belief Model-based Training on Self-care Behavior in Elderly People with Hypertension Referring to Comprehensive Health Services Centers of Daran City, Iran, during 2017-18. Journal of Health System Research. 2019;15(2):107-14.
  12. Azadbakht M, Garmaroodi G, Tanjani PT, Sahaf R, Shojaeizade D, Gheisvandi E. Health promoting self-care behaviors and its related factors in elderly: application of health belief model. Journal of Education and Community Health. 2014;1(2):20-9.
  13. Barati M. Predicting factors related to self-care behaviors among type 2 diabetic patients based on health belief model. Journal of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical. 2014;1(4):16-25.
  14. Sarabian M, Savadian P, Kaldi A. Factors influencing self-care in young adults in Tehran, Iran. Payesh (Health Monitor). 2023;22(4):415-22.
  15. shabibi p, mansourian m, abedzadeh ms, sayehmiri k. The Status of Self-Care Behaviors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the City of Ilam in 2014. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2016;24(2):63-71.
  16. Vosoghi KN, Abootalebi DG, Farahani B. The Study of Self-Care Agency in Patients With Diabetes (Ardabil).Modern Care Journal. 2012;8(4 (32)):197-204.
  17. Fallah Tafti B, Vaezi A, Moshtagh Z, Shamsi F. The assessment of barriers to the self-care behaviors in type 2 diabetic patients of Yazd province in 2014. 2016;15(3):115-29.
  18. Desalu O, Salawu F, Jimoh A, Adekoya A, Busari O, Olokoba AJ. Diabetic foot care: self reported knowledge and practice among patients attending three tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Ghana medical journal. 2011;45(2).
  19. Chellan G, Srikumar S, Varma AK, Mangalanandan T, Sundaram K, Jayakumar R, et al. Foot care practice–The key to prevent diabetic foot ulcers in India. The foot. 2012;22(4):298-302.
  20. Kishore S, Upadhyay AD. Awareness of foot care among patients with diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital. The National Medical Journal of India.2015;28(3):122-5.
  21. Chatterjee S, Davies MJ, Heller S, Speight J, Snoek FJ, Khunti KJ. Diabetes structured self-management education programmes: a narrative review and current innovations. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.2018;6(2):130-42.
  22. Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Azami F, Jalilian F, Hidarnia AJ. Self-care behaviors' glycemic control and its related factors in type II diabetes women patients. 2019;21(3).
  23. Hu Y, Liu H, Wu J, Fang G. Factors influencing self-care behaviours of patients with type 2 diabetes in China based on the health belief model: a cross-sectional study. Public Health. 2022;12(8):e044369.
  24. Daniel M, Messer LC. Perceptions of disease severity and barriers to self-care predict glycemic control in Aboriginal persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada. 2002;23(4):130.
  25. Karimy M, Araban M, Zareban I, Taher M, Abedi AJ. Determinants of adherence to self-care behavior among women with type 2 diabetes: an explanation based on health belief model. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran .2016;30:368.
  26. Jalilian F, Motlagh FZ, Solhi M, Gharibnavaz H. Effectiveness of self-management promotion educational program among diabetic patients based on health belief model. Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2014;3(1):14.
  27. Zhao YC, Zhao M, Song S. Online health information seeking among patients with chronic conditions: integrating the health belief model and social support theory. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2022;24(11):e42447.
  28. Kazeminezhad B, Taghinejad H, Borji M, Tarjoman A. The effect of self-care on glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood sugar levels on adolescents with diabetes. Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics. 2018;9(2).
  29. Ruiz-Gonzalez I, Fernandez-Alcantara M, Guardia-Archilla T, Rodriguez-Morales S, Molina A, Casares D, et al. Long-term effects of an intensive-practical diabetes education program on HbA1c and self-care. Applied Nursing Research. 2016;31:13-8.
  30. Azizi M, Arsalani N, Mohammadi Shahboulaghi F, Hosseinzadeh S, Rajab A. The effect of self-care education on the control of diabetes complications, medications and HbA1C in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Hayat. 2017;22(4):350-
  31. Jemal M, Argaw A, Taye A, Sintayehu T, Kedir S. Dietary self-care and associated factors among diabetic patients in Jimma University Medical Centre, South West Ethiopia; A path analysis. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(8):e0273074.
  32. Ghimire SJISRN. Barriers to diet and exercise among Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients. 2017;2017.
  33. Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. Theory, research, and practice in health behavior and health education. 2008. (4th ed); 23–40.
Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences
Volume 68, Issue 1
March and April 2025
Pages 70-80

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics