Ovarian Masses and Cysts in Infants: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Management

Articles in Press

Document Type : Review article

Authors

1 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.

2 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

10.22038/mjms.2025.81450.4687

Abstract

Introduction
Ovarian masses and cysts in infants are rare but clinically significant conditions that can lead to serious complications. Early diagnosis and proper management are crucial for preventing these complications.
Materials and Methods
In this systematic review, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar using keywords and MeSH terms such as "ovarian masses in infants," "ovarian cysts in neonates," "pediatric ovarian tumors," "diagnosis of ovarian cysts in infants," and "management of ovarian masses in infants." Studies that focused on infants aged 0-12 months and addressed the diagnosis, treatment, or outcomes of ovarian masses were included.
Results
The review found that the prevalence of ovarian cysts is approximately 30 per 100,000 live births, with functional cysts being the most common type. Ultrasound is the primary diagnostic tool, while MRI and serum markers (AFP and β-hCG) are used in complex cases. Management includes conservative monitoring for small, asymptomatic cysts and surgical intervention for large or suspicious cysts.
Discussion
The reviewed studies highlighted the effectiveness of ultrasound in diagnosis and the diversity of management approaches. Outcomes for benign cysts were generally positive, but prognosis for malignant tumors depended on the stage of diagnosis and treatment efficacy.
Conclusion
Ovarian masses and cysts in infants require accurate diagnosis and careful management. Further research is needed to establish standardized guidelines and improve the prognosis for malignant tumors.

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Main Subjects

Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 29 June 2025

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