)1) Montastruc JL, Bagheri H, Gerand T, Lapeyre –Mestre M. Pharmacovigilance of Self-Medication. Thrapies 1997;
52(2): 105-10.
)2) Organization WH: the Role of the Pharmacist in Self Care and Self Medication: report of the fourth WHO
Consultative Group on the Role of the Pharmacist the Hague, the Netherlands .26_28 August 1998.http//www.
who,int/iris handel / 1066/5686.
)3) Bennadi D. Self _medication: A Current College. J Basic clin Pharma 2014; 5(1): 19–23.
)4) Zafar SN, Syed R, Waqar S, Zubairi AJ, Vaqar T, Shaikh M, et al. Self-medication among St University Students Of
Karachi Prevalence, knowledge and attitudes. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. J Pak Med Assoc 2008: 58
(4): 214-7.
)5) Sharifirad Gh. Mohebbi S, Motalebi M, Abbasi MH, Rejati F, Tal A. The prevalence and Effctive Modifiable
factors of Self-medication Based on the Health Belif Model among Elaery Adults in Gonabad in 2009. Health System
Research Journal 2011: 7(4): 411. (persian)
)6) Nunes de Melo M, Madureira B, Nunes Ferreira AP, Mendes Z, Miranda Ada C, Martins AP. Prevalence of selfmedication in rural areas of Portugal. Pharm world Sci 2006; 28 (1):19-25. (persian)
)7) Zardosht M, Dastoorpoor M, Hashemi FB. Estebsari F. Jamshidi E. Abbasi-Ghahraman A. et al. Prevalence and
Causes of Self Medication among Medical Seinces, Kerman. Iran GJHS 2016; 8 (17):150
)8) Najafipour R, Shishehbor F, Ahmadinia H. Rezaeian M. The Frequency of Self –Medication in Medical Students of
Rafsanjan University of medical scinces in 2016. JRUMS 2018; 17 (4): 331-44. (persian)
)9) Haghighi Sh, Ashrafizadeh H, Sayadi N. Self Medication with drug amongest university student of Birjand. Journal
of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences 2016: 3(2): 47-51.
)10) Asseray N, Ballereau F, Trombert-Paviot B, Bouget J, Foucher N, Renaud B, et al. Frequency and severity of
adverse drug reactions due to self-medication: a cross-sectional multicentre survey in emergency departments. Drug
Saf 2013;36:1159–68.
)11) Chafouri M, Yaghubi M, Lashkadoost H, Seyed Sharifi SH. The Prevalence of Self medication among student of
Bojnurd universtes and its factors in 2013. JNKUMS 2014; 5(5): 1129-35 (persian)
)12) Mohammadi A, Abedini S, Montaseri M, Gorgi Z. The prevalence of self medication and identify the reason of itin
woman refering to Iteatheenters in Bandar Abbas. Int Electron J Med 2018; 7(1): 7-11.
)13) Ramezani H. Khalfi A, Heshmati H. Darvishpour K. The study of self- bmedication among university student in
the city of Torbat Heydaryeh in 2014 . Journal of health Breeze 20015; 3(4) ; 24-9 (persian)
)14) Segall A. A community survey of self-medication activites. Med Care 1990; 28 (4): 301-10.
)15) Wilkinson If, Darby DN, Mant A . Self –care and Self-medication : An evaluation of individual health care
decision. Med Care 1987; 25 (10): 965-78.
)16) Tabiei SH, Farajzadeh Z, Eizadpanah AM. Self-medication with drug amongst university students of Birjand. Mod
Care J 2012; 9(4): 371-8. (persian)
)17) Niroomand N, Bayati M, Seif M, Delavari S, Delavari S. Self-medication Pattern and Prevalence Among Iranian
Medical Sciences Students. Curr Drug Saf 2020;15(1):45-52.
)18) Purreza A, Khalafi A, Ghiasi A, Mojahed F, Nurmohammadi M. To Identify Self medication Practice among
Medical Students of Tehran University of Medical Science. IRJE 2013; 8(4): 40-6. (persian)
)19) Ramazani H, Khalfi A, Heshmati H, Darvishpour K. The Study of Self-medication among University Students in
the City of Torbat Heydariyeh in 2014. Journal of health Breeze 2015; 3(4): 24-9. (persian)
)20) Eslami AA, Moazemi Goudarzi A, Najimi A, Sharifirad GHR. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Students in
Universities of Isfahan,Iran toward Self Medication. J Health Syst Res 2012; 7(5): 541-9. (persian)
)21) Abdi A, Faraji A, Dehghan F, Khatony A. Prevalence of self-medication practice among health sciences students
in Kermanshah, Iran. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018; 19: 36.
)22) Ibrahim NK, Alamoudi BM, Baamer WO, AlRaddadi RM. Self-medication with analgesics among medical
students and interns in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31(1):14-8.
)23) Sawalha AF. Assessment of self-medication practice among university students in Palestine: Therapeutic and
toxicity implications. IUGNS 2015; 15(2):67-82.
)24) Bunduki GK, Mumbere M, Mbahweka FK. Assessment of antibiotic self-medication pattern among university
students in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. J Pharm Res Int 2017; 18(1):1-7.
)25) Alkhatatbeh MJ, Alefan Q, Alqudah MA. High prevalence of self-medication practices among medical and
pharmacy students: a study from Jordan. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 54(5): 390-8.
)26) Alshahrani SM, Alavudeen SS, Alakhali KM, Al-Worafi YM, Bahamdan AK, Vigneshwaran E. Self-Medication
Among King Khalid University Students, Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2019; 14(12): 243-9.
)27) Helal RM, Abou-E, Wafa HS. Self-Medication in University Students from the City of Mansoura, Egypt. J
Environ Public Health 2017; 2017:9145193.
)28) Gillani AH, Ji W, Hussain W, Imran A, Chang J, Yang C, Fang Y. Antibiotic Self-Medication among NonMedical University Students in Punjab, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 29;
14(10). E1152.
)29) Sisay M, Mengistu G, Edessa D. Epidemiology of self-medication in Ethiopia: a systematic review and metaanalysis of observational studies. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 10; 19 (1):56.
)30) Alshogran OY, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Farah S. Patterns of self-medication among medical and nonmedical
University students in Jordan. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2018; 12(11):169-76.
)31) Beyraghdar N, Babaee P, Heydari M, Khalkhali Z, Amirabadi M, Samieifard F. Drug Self-medication among
Ghazvin University of edical sciences students. Edrak 2012; 7 (25): 25-32. (persian)
)32) Khaksar A, Nader F, Mosavizadeh K. A survey of the frequency of admin steering drugs without prescription
among the students of medicine and engineering in 2003. JJUMS 2006; 3(3): 21-8. (persian)
)33) Torres NF, Chibi B, Middleton LE, Solomon VP, Mashamba-Thompson TP. Evidence of factors influencing selfmedication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review. Public health 2019;
1(168): 92-101.
)34) Benameur T, Al-Bohassan H, Al-Aithan A, AlBeladi A, Al-Ali H, Al-Omran H, Saidi N. Knowledge, attitude,
behavior of the future healthcare professionals towards the self-medication practice with antibiotics. The Journal of
Infection in Developing Countries 2019; 13(01):56-66.