Developing the causal model of self-harming behavior based on attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas in students

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran(Corresponding Author).

3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.

Abstract

Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to develop a causal model of self-harming behaviors based on attachment styles and maladaptive schemas in students.
Methods:The research method in this study was correlational. The statistical population of this study was all secondary school students of West Azarbaijan province in the academic year 2018-19. In this study, 214 people (99 girls and 115 boys) were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Collins and Reed Attachment questionnaire, Yang early maladaptive schema questionnaire and Self-Harm Inventory (SHI) were used for data collection. Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis were used for data analysis.
Results:Path analysis results showed that attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas had a direct and positive effect on the self-harming behavior.
Conclusion:These findings have important implications in the treatment and prevention of self-harm behaviors and can be predicted to be vulnerable to self-harm behaviors by identifying attachment styles, maladaptive schemas.

Keywords

References

 American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth
edition (DSM 5). Washington: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
 Bach, B., Simonsen, E., Christoffersen, P., & Kriston, L. (2017). Te young schema questionnaire
3 short form (YSQ-S3): Psychometric properties and association with personality disorders in a
Danish mixed sample. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 33(2), 134–143.
 Borrill, J., Fox, P., Flynn, M., & Roger, D. (2009). Students who self-harm: Coping style,
rumination and alexithymia. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 22, 361-372.
 Calvete E, Fernández-González L, González-Cabrera JM, Gámez-Guadix M. Continued bullying
victimization in adoles cents: maladaptive schemas as a mediational mechanism. Jour nal of
Youth and Adolescence. 2018; 47(3):650-60.
 Camara, M., & Calvete, E. (2012). Cognitive schemas predicting anxiety and depressive
symptoms: the role of dysfunctional coping strategies. European Psychiatry, 27(1): 1-8.
 Claes, L., Muehlenkamp, J., Vandereycken, W., Hamelinck, L., Martens, H., & Claes, S. (2014).
Comparison of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior and suicide attempts in patients admitted to a
psychiatric crisis unit. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(1), 83–87.
 Davaji, R. B. O., Valizadeh, S., & Nikamal, M. (2010). The relationship between attachment
styles and suicide ideation: the study of Turkmen students, Iran. Procedia - Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1190–1194.
 Evans, R., & Hurrell, C. (2016). The role of schools in children and young people’s self-harm
and suicide: systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research. BMC public
health, 16(1), 401.
 Favazza, A.R. (1998).The coming of age of self-mutilation. Journal of nervous and mental
disease, 186,259-278.
 Gandhi, A., Claes, L., Bosmans, G., Baetens, I., Wilderjans, T. F., Maitra, S. Luyckx, K. (2016).
Non-suicidal self-injury and adolescent's attachment with peers and mother: The mediating role
of identity synthesis and confusion. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(6), 1735–1745
 Hopkins, J. (2014). Adolescence, the transitional years. New York: Academic Press.
 Hopwood CJ, Malone JC, Ansell EB, Sanislow CA, Grilo CM, McGlashan TH, et al. Personality
assessment in DSM-5: empirical support for rating severity, style, and
traits. J Pers Disord. 2011; 25(3):305-20.
 Jacobson, C. M., & Gould, M. (2007). The epidemiology and phenomenology of non-suicidal
self-injurious behavior among adolescents: A critical review of the
literature. Archives of Suicide Research, 11, 129-147.
 Kharsati N, Bhola P. (2016). Self-injurious behavior, emotion regulation, and attachment styles
among college students in India. India Psychiatry Journal. 2016; 25:23-8.
 Levi-Belz, Y., Lev-Ari, L., 2018. Attachment styles and posttraumatic growth among suicideloss survivors. Crisis 1–10.
 Lüdtke, J., In-albon, T., Schmeck, K., Plener, P. L., Fegert, J. M., & Schmid, M. (2017).
Nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents placed in youth welfare and juvenile justice group homes:
Associations with mental disorders and suicidality. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1–
12.
- Marengo. Stacy M. ., Jeffrey Klibert., Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling., Jacob Warren.,
K. Bryant Smalley. (2019). the Relationship of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Anticipated
Risky Behaviors in College Students. Journal of Adult Development, September
2019, Volume 26, Issue 3, pp 190–200
 Mars B, Heron J, Crane C, Hawton K, Kidger J, Lewis G, et al (2014). Differences in risk factors
for self-harm with and without suicidal intent: Findings from the ALSPAC cohort. J Affective
Disorders. 2014; 168:407–14.
 Miniati, M., Callari, A., Pini, S., 2017. Adult attachment style and suicidality. US National
Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, Psychiatr Danub. 2017 Sep; 29(3):250-259.
- Muehlenkamp JJ, Claes L, Havertape L, Plener PL. International prevalence of adolescent nonsuicidal selfinjury and deliberate self-harm. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Mental Health. 2012; 6:10.
 Peterson J, Freedenthal S, Sheldon C & Andersen R. (2008). No suicidal self-harming in
Adolescents.Child/Adolescent Psychiatry Nov; 5(11):20-6.
 Sansone, R. A., Wiederman, M. W. & Sansone, L. A. (1998). The self-harm inventory [SHI]:
Development of a scale for identifying self-destructive behaviors and borderline personality
disorder. J Clin Psychol. 70(54), 937-83.
 Sells, C., & Blum, R. (2013). Current trends in adolescent health. In R. DiClemente, W. Hansen,
& L. Ponton (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent health psychology (pp. 5-34).New York, NY:
Springer.
 Sempertegui GA, Karreman A, Arntz A, Bekker MH. Schema therapy for borderline personality
disorder: A comprehensive review of its empirical foundations, effectiveness and
implementation possibilities. Clinical Psychology Review. 2013; 33(3):426-47.
 Spirito.A. Kittler.J. & Hunt.J. (2008). Psychiatric Correlates of Nonsuicidal Cutting Behaviors in
an Adolescent Inpatient Sample.Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 39(4), 427-438.
 Swannell, S. V., Martin, G. E., Page, A., Hasking, P., & St John, N. J. (2014). Prevalence of
nonsuicidal selfinjury in nonclinical samples: Systematic review, metaanalysis, and
metaregression. Suicide and life-threatening behavior, 44, 273-303.
medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences
Volume 63, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
November and December 2020
Pages 2619-2632

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics