Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences

Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences

The Effectiveness of Emotion Focused Therapy on Resilience and Hope of Patients with Breast Cancer

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Poupak Rahimi 1
Maryam Emamjomeh 2
Zahra Darvishi Bodagh 3
Mozhgan Ghafari Shahir 4
1 Department of Clinical Psychology, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 Family Counseling Department, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Psychology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran.
4 Family Counseling Department, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
10.22038/mjms.2022.21760
Abstract
Introduction: In addition to medical and pharmaceutical intervention and support, women with breast cancer also need psychological intervention. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotion focused therapy (EFT) on the resilience and hope of breast cancer patients.
Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. 35 people as a research sample from the community of women with breast cancer in Region 5 of Tehran city in 2021 were selected using the available method and were randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The required findings were collected using resilience and hope questionnaires in two pre-test and post-test sessions and were analyzed using the covariance method.
Results: The findings of the research showed that the mean scores of the post-test of resilience and hope were different in the experimental group, and the results of covariance analysis showed that EFT is effective in improving the resilience and hope of breast cancer patients (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Therefore, EFT can be used to increase the resilience and hope of breast cancer patients.
Keywords
breast cancer
Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT)
resilience
hope
  1. Singh V, Sheikh A, Abourehab MA, Kesharwani P. Dostarlimab as a miracle drug: rising hope against cancer
    treatment. Biosensors. 2022 Aug 8;12(8):617.
    2. Li Y, Kong X, Xuan L, Wang Z, Huang YH. Prolactin and endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer: The
    next potential hope for breast cancer treatment. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. 2021
    Nov;25(22):10327-48.
    3. Ahmadifard M, Sadeghi M, Gholamrezaei S. The effect of integrative approach logo-therapy and hope therapy
    on the body image fear and social adjustment in the women with breast cancer. IJPN. 2019; 7 (1) :66-74
    4. Yavari P, Mosavizadeh MA, Khodabakhshi R, Madani H, Mehrabi Y. Reproductive characteristics and the risk
    of breast cancer: a case-control study. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology. 2006 Feb 10; 1(3):11-9.
    5. Enayatrad M, Salehiniya H. An investigation of changing patterns in breast cancer incidence trends among
    Iranian women. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci. 2015; 22(1):27-35.
    6. Sabariego C, Brach M, Herschbach P, Berg P, Stucki G. Cost-effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group
    therapy for dysfunctional fear of progression in cancer patients. The European Journal of Health Economics.
    2011 Oct 1; 12(5):489-97.
    7. Akechi T, Okuyama T, Onishi J, Morita T, Furukawa TA. Psychotherapy for depression among incurable cancer
    patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2008 Apr 16; 2008(2):CD005537. doi:
    10.1002/14651858.CD005537.
    8. Emami M, Askarizade G, Faziltpour M. Effectiveness of Cognitive – Behavioral Stress Management Group
    Therapy on Resilience and Hope in Women with Breast Cancer Positive Psychology Research, 2018; 3 (4): 1-
    13.
    9. Liang MZ, Tang Y, Knobf M, Molassiotis A, Chen P, Hu GY, Sun Z, Yu YL, Ye ZJ. Resilience index improves
    prediction of 1-year decreased quality of life in breast cancer. Journal of Cancer Survivorship. 2022 Aug 6:1-0.
    10. Boškailo E, Franjić D, Jurić I, Kiseljaković E, Marijanović I, Babić D. Resilience and quality of life of patients
    with breast cancer. Psychiatria Danubina. 2021 Oct 19;33(suppl 4):572-9.
    11. Bonanno GA, Brewin CR, Kaniasty K, Greca AML. Weighing the costs of disaster. Psychol Sci Publ Interest.
    2010;11(1):1‐ 49.
    12. Hjemdal O, Friborg O, Stiles TC, Rosenvinge JH, Martinussen M. Resilience predicting psychiatric symptoms:
    a prospective study of protective factors and their role in adjustment to stressful life events. Clin Psychol
    Psychother. 2006;13:194‐ 201. 10.1002
    13. Sabariego C, Brach M, Herschbach P, Berg P, Stucki G. Cost-effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group
    therapy for dysfunctional fear of progression in cancer patients. The European Journal of Health Economics.
    2011 Oct 1; 12(5):489-97.
    14. Koral L, Cirak Y. The relationships between fear of cancer recurrence, spiritual well‐ being and psychological
    resilience in non‐ metastatic breast cancer survivors during the COVID‐ 19 outbreak. Psycho‐ Oncology. 2021
    Oct;30(10):1765-72.
    15. Shah M, Ferguson A, Corn PD, Varadhan R, Ariely D, Stearns V, Smith BD, Smith TJ, Corn BW. Developing
    workshops to enhance hope among patients with metastatic breast cancer and oncologists: a pilot study. JCO
    Oncology Practice. 2021 Jun;17(6):e785-93.
    16. Li P, Guo YJ, Tang Q, Yang L. Effectiveness of nursing intervention for increasing hope in patients with cancer:
    a meta-analysis. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem. 2018 Aug 9;26.
    17. Feldman DB, Kubota M. Hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and academic achievement: Distinguishing constructs
    and levels of specificity in predicting college grade-point average. Learning and Individual Differences. 2015;
    37: 210-6.
    18. Du H, Bernardo AB, Yeung SS. Locus-of-hope and life satisfaction: The mediating roles of personal self-esteem
    and relational selfesteem. Personality and Individual Differences. 2015; 83: 228-33.
    19. Mathew J, Dunning C, Coats C, Whelan T. The mediating influence of hope on multidimensional perfectionism
    and depression. Personality and Individual Differences. 2014; 70: 66-71.
    20. Costa DT, Silva DM, Cavalcanti ID, Gomes ET, Vasconcelos JL, Carvalho MV. Religious/spiritual coping and
    level of hope in patients with cancer in chemotherapy. Revista brasileira de enfermagem. 2019 Jun 27;72:640-
    5.
    21. Kuba K, Esser P, Mehnert A, Hinz A, Johansen C, Lordick F, Götze H. Risk for depression and anxiety in longterm survivors of hematologic cancer. Health Psychology. 2019 Mar;38(3):187.
    22. Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, Wilson C, Ward F, Hevey D, Griffin P, Jacobs L, Irwin B. A comparison
    of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder:
    study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2018 Dec;19(1):1-1.
    23. Greenberg LS, Elliott R, Pos A. Special topic: Emotion-focused therapy. European Psychotherapy. 2007;7(1)
  2. 24. Besharat M A, Salehi M, tostamian A, Ghorbani N. Comparing the Effectiveness of Couple-oriented EmotionalCognitive-Behavioral Intervention and Patient-oriented Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention on Improving the
    Quality of Marital Relationship in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study. Iran J Health Educ Health
    Promot. 2015; 3 (2) :95-104
    25. Greenberg LS, Watson JC. Emotion-focused therapy for depression: Canadian contributions. Canadian Journal
    of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement. 2022 Apr;54(2):152.
    26. Soltani M, Shairi MR, Roshan R, Rahimi CR. The impact of emotionally focused therapy on emotional distress
    in infertile couples. International journal of fertility & sterility. 2014 Jan;7(4):337.
    27. Greenman PS, Johnson SM. United we stand: Emotionally focused therapy for couples in the treatment of
    posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012 May;68(5):561-9.
    28. Kraaij V, Pruymboom E, Garnefski N. Cognitive coping and depressive symptoms in the elderly: a longitudinal
    study. Aging & mental health. 2002 Aug 1;6(3):275-81.
    29. Hedayati M, Hajializadeh K, Hedayati M, Fathi E. An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Emotionally-Focused
    Couple’s Group Therapy (EFCT) on Relational Aggression of Couples with Breast Cancer in Wives: A SemiExperimental Study. ijbd 2021; 13 (4) :40-56
    30. Sanagouy Mohrar Gh, Shirazi M, Mohammadi R, Maghsoudlou F. The effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy
    on reducing the symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis (multiple sclerosis).
    Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 2017; 61 (6.1), 190-200.
    31. Faqih S. Kazemi H. The effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy on the tolerance of infertile couples in
    Isfahan. Community Health, 2019; 12 (1): 22-29.
    32. Dillon A, Timulak L, Greenberg LS. Transforming core emotional pain in a course of emotion-focused therapy
    for depression: A case study. Psychotherapy Research. 2018 May 4;28(3):406-22.
    33. McLean LM, Hales S. Childhood trauma, attachment style, and a couple's experience of terminal cancer: Case
    study. Palliative & supportive care. 2010 Jun;8(2):227-33.
    34. Pascual-Leone A, Yeryomenko N, Sawashima T, Warwar S. Building emotional resilience over 14 sessions of
    emotion focused therapy: Micro-longitudinal analyses of productive emotional patterns. Psychotherapy
    Research. 2019 Mar 4;29(2):171-85.
    35. Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐ Davidson resilience scale
    (CD‐ RISC). Depression and anxiety. 2003;18(2):76-82.
    36. Mohammadi M, Jazayeri A, Rafiei A, Jokar B, Poorshahbaz A. Investigation of family and individual variables
    in individuals at risk of drug abuse. Rehabilitation Journal. 2005; 6(1): 31-36.
    37. Aghajani M J, Rahbar T, Moghtader L. The Relationship of hopefulness and hardiness with general health in
    women with breast cancer. Jour Guilan Uni Med Sci. 2018; 26 (104): 41 -9.
    38. Roustaee R, Hajifaraji M, Dezhkam M, Houshiarrad A, Mehrabi Y, Zowghi T. Prevalence of eating disorders
    and some of the factors related to them among high school female students in the city of Tehran, 2010. Iran J
    Nutr Sci Food Technol. 2013; 8(1): 135-44.
    39. Guerrieri R, Stanczyk N, Nederkoorn C, Jansen A. Rewardsensitive women overeat in a varied food
    environment, but only when hungry. Eat Behav. 2012; 13(4): 317–33
    40. Jasinska AJ, Yasuda M, Burant CF, Gregor N, Khatri S, Sweet M, et al. Impulsivity and inhibitory control
    deficits are associated with unhealthy eating in young adults. Appetite. 2012; 59(3): 738-47.
    41. Watson J C & Greenberg L S. Emotion-focused therapy for generalized anxiety. American Psychological
    Association. 2017.
    42. Connolly-Zubot A, Timulak L, Hession N, Coleman N. Emotion-focused therapy for anxiety and depression in
    women with breast cancer. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy. 2020 Jun;50(2):113-22.
Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences
Volume 65, Issue 2
May and June 2022
Pages 856-868