Comparing the effects of aerobic exercise and psilocybin on the histopathological changes caused by methamphetamine in the ovaries of rats

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Student Research Committee, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran

2 Department of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran

10.22038/mjms.2024.77412.4504

Abstract

Introduction: Methamphetamine that is a highly addictive psychoactive substance that has been found to have detrimental effects on the central nervous system and various organs within the human body. Our research aims to explore the impact of methamphetamine, as well as psilocybin (a psychoactive compound found in hallucinogenic fungi), and aerobic exercise on the ovarian tissue of rats.
Materials and Methods: This laboratory experimental study involved the utilization of a total of forty rats, which were allocated into five distinct groups consisting of eight rats each. These groups were categorized as follows: control group, methamphetamine group, methamphetamine group with aerobic exercise, methamphetamine group with psilocybin, and methamphetamine group with exercise and psilocybin. Following the completion of the research investigations, a qualitative visual evaluation was conducted using an optical microscope.
Results: Within the methamphetamine group, a notable decline in the quantity of ovarian tissue cells was observed, accompanied by the disruption of tissue organization and cohesion, as well as the occurrence of thinning or absence of the theca layer. Conversely, in the exercise group, a decrease in cell count and alterations in the ovarian stroma were observed. In the psilocybin group, a reduction in secondary follicles and oocytes was observed, along with thinning of the theca layer, and evidence of localized dilatation and hyperemia.
Conclusion: The implementation of exercise demonstrated a reduction in the histological alterations induced by methamphetamine. However, it is worth noting that the protective effects of psilocybin were comparatively less pronounced when compared to the effects of exercise.

Keywords

References

  1. Yu S, Zhu L, Shen Q, Bai X, Di X. Recent advances in methamphetamine neurotoxicity mechanisms and its molecular pathophysiology. Behavioural neurology. 2015;2015.
  2. Ferrucci M, Limanaqi F, Ryskalin L, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Fornai F. The effects of amphetamine and methamphetamine on the release of norepinephrine, dopamine and acetylcholine from the brainstem reticular formation. Frontiers in neuroanatomy. 2019 May 10;13:48.
  3. Bellot M, Soria F, López-Arnau R, Gómez-Canela C, Barata C. Daphnia magna an emerging environmental model of neuro and cardiotoxicity of illicit drugs. Environmental Pollution. 2024 Mar 1;344:123355.
  4. Stoneberg DM, Shukla RK, Magness MB. Global methamphetamine trends: an evolving problem. International Criminal Justice Review. 2018 Jun;28(2):136-61.
  5. Paknahad S, Akhgari M, Ghadipasha M. An alarming rise in the prevalence of deaths with methamphetamine involved in Tehran, Iran 2011-2018. Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology. 2021 Jun;17(2):208-15.
  6. Schwarzbach V, Lenk K, Laufs U. Methamphetamine‐related cardiovascular diseases. ESC Heart Failure. 2020;7(2):407-14.
  7. Edinoff AN, Kaufman SE, Green KM, Provenzano DA, Lawson J, Cornett EM, Murnane KS, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Methamphetamine use: a narrative review of adverse effects and related toxicities. Health Psychology Research. 2022;10(3).
  8. Papageorgiou M, Raza A, Fraser S, Nurgali K, Apostolopoulos V. Methamphetamine and its immune-modulating effects. Maturitas. 2019;121:13-21.
  9. Wang L, Qu G, Dong X, Huang K, Kumar M, Ji L, Wang Y, Yao J, Yang S, Wu R, Zhang H. Long-term effects of methamphetamine exposure in adolescent mice on the future ovarian reserve in adulthood. Toxicology Letters. 2016 Feb 3;242:1-8.
  10. Lucas JR. The Relationship between Physical Activity, Depression, and Academic Success in University Students: Southeast Missouri State University; 2022.
  11. Zong B, Yu F, Zhang X, Zhao W, Sun P, Li S, Li L. Understanding how physical exercise improves Alzheimer’s disease: cholinergic and monoaminergic systems. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2022 May 18;14:869507.
  12. Arazi H, Dadvand SS, Suzuki K. Effects of exercise training on depression and anxiety with changing neurotransmitters in methamphetamine long term abusers: A narrative review. Biomedical Human Kinetics. 2022;14(1):117-26.
  13. Wang J, Liang M, Shang Q, Qian H, An R, Liu H, et al. Psilocin suppresses methamphetamine‐induced hyperlocomotion and acquisition of conditioned place preference via D2R‐mediated ERK signaling. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 2023;29(3):831-41.
  14. Ling S, Ceban F, Lui LM, Lee Y, Teopiz KM, Rodrigues NB, et al. Molecular mechanisms of psilocybin and implications for the treatment of depression. CNS drugs. 2022;36(1):17-30.
  15. Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Carducci MA, Umbricht A, Richards WA, Richards BD, et al. Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial. Journal of psychopharmacology. 2016;30(12):1181-97.
  16. Ross S, Bossis A, Guss J, Agin-Liebes G, Malone T, Cohen B, et al. Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of psychopharmacology. 2016;30(12):1165-80.
  17. Johnson MW, Garcia-Romeu A, Cosimano MP, Griffiths RR. Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction. Journal of psychopharmacology. 2014;28(11):983-92.
  18. Bogenschutz MP, Forcehimes AA, Pommy JA, Wilcox CE, Barbosa PC, Strassman RJ. Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: a proof-of-concept study. Journal of psychopharmacology. 2015;29(3):289-99.
  19. Brett J, Knock E, Korthuis PT, Liknaitzky P, Murnane KS, Nicholas CR, et al. Exploring psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of methamphetamine use disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2023;14:412.
  20. Safi E, Noori A, Pilehvarian AA. The Effect of Methamphetamine Injection during Post-Lactation on the Ovaries of Adult Rats. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2018 Sep 10;12(7):32-40.
  21. Kalyoncu S, Yilmaz B, Demir M, Tuncer M, Bozdag Z, Ince O, Akif Bozdayi M, Ulusal H, Taysi S. Octreotide and lanreotide decrease ovarian ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats by improving oxidative and nitrosative stress. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2020 Oct;46(10):2050-8.
  22. Sistani MN, Novin MG, Fathabadi FF, Salehi M, Salimi M, Mofarahe ZS, Hadi M. The effect of methamphetamine on oocyte quality, fertilization rate and embryo development in mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH AND REPRODUCTION SCIENCES. 2016 Jan 1;4(1):8-12.
  23. Miri M, Karimi Jashni H, Alipour F. Effect of exercise intensity on weight changes and sexual hormones (androstenedione and free testosterone) in female rats with estradiol valerate-induced PCOS. J Ovarian Res. 2014;7:37.
  24. Lotfi M, Nouri A, Karimi A, Pilehvarian A. The effects of methamphetamine on the development of the testes in immature male rats. SSU_Journals. 2016;24(3):222-31.
Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences
Volume 68, Issue 2
January and February 2025
Pages 259-269

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics