Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment with Mindfulness-Based Treatment on Intolerance of Uncertainty and Rumination in Individuals with Insomnia

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Department o of phycology, Ur.C., Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran. Email: azadehsadat.hoseini@iau.ac.ir

2 Department of Psychology, Ur.C., Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran. Email: Ali.khademi@iau.ac.ir

3 Department of Psychology, Ur.C., Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran. Email: f.farshbaf@iau.ac.ir

Abstract

Introduction: Intolerance of uncertainty and Rumination are associated with insomnia and cause sleep disturbance.
Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the Unified Protocol (UP) for Transdiagnostic Treatment and mindfulness-based treatment on intolerance of uncertainty and rumination in individuals with insomnia.
Method: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and a 2-month follow-up, involving two groups. Using a voluntary sampling method, 32 individuals with insomnia who referred to psychiatric centers in Tehran in 1403 were selected and randomly assigned to two groups (16 participants in each group) using a block randomization method. The first group received the UP, and the second group received mindfulness-based treatment. The instruments used included the Rumination Scale, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, and the Sleep Quality Index. SPSS-25 statistical software, repeated measures analysis of variance, and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results of the ANCOVA analysis showed that, in terms of rumination, there was a significant difference between the Up group and the mindfulness-based treatment group at the post-test stage (F = 7.55, p = 0.01) and at the follow-up stage (F = 23.51, p < 0.001). I
Conclusion: Based on the results, it is recommended that mental health professionals consider using both the Unified Protocol and mindfulness-based interventions—according to clients’ individual conditions—to improve intolerance of uncertainty and rumination associated with insomnia.

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References

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Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences
Volume 69, Issue 4
May 2026
Pages 499-517

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