Abstract

AIDS in adolescents presents a significant health challenge that necessitates awareness, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment. By recognizing the symptoms and conducting the necessary tests, the progression of the disease can be halted, and the quality of life for affected adolescents can be enhanced. This case report examines an instance of AIDS in an adolescent. A 17-year-old male patient, with no prior history of underlying health issues, was admitted to the hospital following a hunger strike, which resulted in severe weight loss, anorexia nervosa, bloody diarrhea, and vomiting. The patient received medical nutrition therapy and underwent endo-colonoscopy, subsequently being transferred to the relevant department due to active colitis. Initially suspected to have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), he was ultimately diagnosed with HIV. Team-based treatment measures resulted in partial improvement of symptoms, including reduced appetite, diarrhea, and muscle pain. Optimal nutrition is crucial for maintaining lean body mass, alleviating the severity of HIV-related symptoms, supporting antiretroviral therapy, and enhancing overall quality of life. According to ESPEN guidelines, energy requirements should increase by 20 to 30% during the recovery phase following opportunistic infections. These guidelines also recommend a protein intake of 1.2-1.5 g/kg during both the active and inactive phases of the disease. Additionally, micronutrients, such as vitamins C and D, play a vital role in bolstering immune system health in these patients and can effectively help manage AIDS symptoms, including inflammation and gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea.