ساختار عاملی، پایایی و روایی مقیاس ارتقاء یافته اضطراب کودکان اسپنس فرم کوتاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی عمومی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه روانشناسی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران. ( نویسنده مسئول )

3 دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده ادبیات وعلوم انسانی ،دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

4 استاد، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده ادبیات وعلوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه
 اضطراب از جمله اختلالات شایع دوران کودکی می باشد و پیامدهای نامطلوب عملکردی، روانی، اجتماعی  و تحصیلی فرا وانی را برای کودکان به همراه دارد. غربالگری اضطراب کودکان یکی از ضرورتها به شمار می­آیید. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین ساختار عاملی، پایایی و روایی مقیاس ارتقاء یافته اضطراب کودکان Spence فرم کوتاه اجراگردید.
روش کار
پژوهش حاضر از نظر روش­شناسی در دسته پژوهش­های توسعه­ای از نوع توصیفی با طرح پیمایشی می باشد. جامعه آماری کلیه دانش آموزان 8-12 سال مدارس ابتدایی شهر رشت در سال تحصیلی 1398-1399 بود که به روش تصادفی خوشه ای 500 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش مقیاس ارتقاء یافته اضطراب کودکان Spence فرم کوتاه  بود. روایی سازه براساس دو روش تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تحلیل عاملی تأییدی انجام گرفت. جهت تعیین نقطه برش از تحلیل منحنی مشخصه عملکردی استفاده شد. سنجش پایایی پرسشنامه در بخش همسانی درونی با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ، در بخش ثبات از روش آزمون- آزمون مجدد با ضریب همبستگی درون خوشه­ای و در بخش همگنی از همبستگی درونی گویه­ها، همبستگی هر گویه به کل و همبستگی گویه­ها با یکدیگر استفاده شد.
 نتایج
تعداد 275 نفر (55%) از شرکت کنندگان دختر و 225 نفر (45%) پسر بودند. تحلیل عاملی  نشان داد که این مقیاس دارای پنج مؤلفه، پنیک بازار هراسی، اضطراب فراگیر، فوبی خاص، اضطراب اجتماعی و اضطراب جدایی با شاخص­های برازندگی مطلوب است. همچنین مقادیر آلفای کرونباخ برای کل مقیاس 939/0 و به­ترتیب برای ابعاد پنیک بازار هراسی812/0، اضطراب فراگیر 894 /0، فوبی خاص 803/0، اضطراب اجتماعی 709/0 و اضطراب جدایی 801/0 به دست آمد. مناسب ترین نقطه برش مقیاس برابر 5/24 محاسبه گردید.
نتیجه گیری
ساختار عاملی تأییدی، پایایی و روایی مقیاس ارتقاء یافته اضطراب کودکان Spence فرم کوتاه برای کاربردهای پژوهشی، تشخیصی و غربالگری در جامعه ایرانی  مطلوب می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity of the Development of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Short Version

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farideh Amiralsadat Hafshejani 1
  • Bahman Akbari 2
  • Abbas Ali Hosseinkhanzadeh 3
  • Abbas Abolghasemi 4
1 PhD student General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Psychology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.( Corresponding author)
3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
4 Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Anxiety is considered as one of the most common disorders during childhood and is associated with adverse functional, psychological, social and educational consequences for children. It is a necessity to screen children's anxiety. This study aimed to determine the factor structure, reliability and validity of the Development of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Short Version.
Methods and Materials
I terms of methodology, this study is a descriptive developmental one with a survey design. Its statistical population included all students who were 8-12 years old in primary schools in Rasht during the academic year of 2019-2020. Using the cluster random sampling method, 500 students were selected as the statistical sample of this study. The research instrument was the Enhanced Spence Children's Anxiety Scale. The construct validity was performed based on two methods of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Characteristics curve analysis was used to determine the cutting point. Assessing the reliability of the questionnaire in 3 sections of internal consistency, stability and homogeneity was performed using Cronbach's alpha correlation, the test-retest method with intra-cluster internal correlation, and correlation coefficient of each item to the total and correlation of items together, respectively.
 Results
275 (55%) of the participants were female and the other 225 (45%) were male. Factor analysis showed that this scale has five components: Market panic, generalized anxiety, specific phobia, social anxiety and separation anxiety with desirable fitness indices. Also, the values of Cronbach's alpha ​​for the whole scale was 0.939 and for the dimensions of market panic, generalized anxiety, specific phobia, social anxiety, and separation anxiety were 0.812, 0.894, 0.803, 0.709, and 0.801, respectively. The most appropriate cutting point of this scale was 24.5.
Conclusion
The confirmatory factor structure, reliability and validity of the Development of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-short version are desirable for research, diagnostic and screening applications in Iranian society.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Child anxiety
  • factor structure
  • reliability
  • validity
  1. Petersen Julie M. School-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adolescents with Anxiety. All Graduate
    Theses and Dissertations. 2021; 8125.
    2. Mheen M, Legerstee JS, Dieleman GC, Hillegers MHJ, Utens E M W J. Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety
    disorders in young children: A Dutch open trial of the Fun FRIENDS program. Behaviour Change.2020; 37(1):1–
    12.
    3. Zikopoulou O, Rapee RM, Simos GA. Randomized Controlled Trial of a Cognitive Behavior Therapy Program for
    Children with Clinical Anxiety Symptoms. Psychiatry Int. 2021; 2: 211–223.
  2. 4. Grist R, Croker A, Denne M, Stallard P. Technology Delivered Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in
    Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology
    Review.2019; 22(2):147-171.
    5. Karande S, Gogtay NJ, Bala N, Sant H, Thakkar A, Sholapurwala R. Anxiety symptoms in regular school students
    in Mumbai city, India. J Postgrad Med. 2018; 64:92–7.
    6. Karimi J, HomayuniNajafabadi S, HomayuniNajafabadi F. Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional
    Anxiety Scale for Children. JNKUMS. 2015; 6 (4):885-894. (Full Text in Persian).
    7. Ahlen J, Vigerland S, Ghaderi A. Development of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale – Short Version (SCASS). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment.2018; 40:288–304
    8. Schwartz C, Lou Barican J, Yung D, Zheng Y, Waddell C. Six decades of preventing and treating childhood anxiety
    disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis to inform policy and practice. Evid Based Ment Health. 2019;
    22(3): 103–110.
    9. Sharma S, Hucker A, Matthews T et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety in children and young people on
    the autism spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychol. 2021; 9, 151.
    10. Alvarez E. Puliafico, A. Glazier Leonte, K. Albano, A M. Psychotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and
    adolescents. Literature review current through: Aug 2019. ww.uptodate.com.
    11. Shahabizadeh F, Khaje Aminiyan F. The effectiveness of narrative therapy based on cognitive-behavioral
    perspective on anxiety of primary school female students. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2019;
    19 (71): 70-80. (Full Text in Persian).
    12. Zhou X, Zhang Y, Furukawa TA, Cuijpers PPu, Weisz JR, Yang L, Hetrick SE, Giovane CD, Cohen D, James
    AC, Yuan Sh, Whittington C, Jiang X, Teng Teng Andrea Cipriani, Peng Xie. Different Types and Acceptability
    of Psychotherapies for Acute Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents a Network Meta-analysis. JAMA
    Psychiatry. 2019; 76(1):41-50.
    13. Muris P, Simon E, Lijphart H, Bos A, Hale W, Schmeitz K. The Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5):
    Development and First Psychometric Evidence of a New Scale for Assessing Anxiety Disorders Symptoms of
    Children and Adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev.2017; 48(1):1-17.
    14. Hassanzadeh aval M, Mashhadi A, Bigdeli I, Amin Yazdi S A. Investigate the Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders in
    First Grade Students of Malayer City and Its Relationship with Emotional Dysregulation. psj. 2020; 18 (3):53-60.
    (Full Text in Persian).
    15. Derakhshanpour F, Izadyar H, Shahini N, Vakili M A. Anxiety levels in the primary school students in Gorgan .
    pajoohande. 2016; 21 (1):30-34. (Full Text in Persian).
    16. Zarafshan H, Mohammadi MR, Salmanian M. Prevalence of anxiety disorders among children and adolescents in
    Iran: A systematic review. Iran J Psych.2015; 10(1):1-7.
    17. Spence S H. A measure of anxiety symptoms among children. Behaviour Research and Therapy.1998; 36, 545–
    566
    18. Essau, C. A., Sasagawa, S., Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, X., Guzmán, B. O., & Ollendick, T. H. Psychometric
    properties of the Spence child anxiety scale with adolescents from five European countries. Journal of Anxiety
    Disorders.2011; 25, 19–27.
    19. Kline R. Data preparation and psychometrics review. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th
    ed., pp. 64-96). New York, NY: Guilford; 2016.
    20. Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity 1. Personnel psychology. 1975; 28(4):563-75.
    21. Forneel Claes, Larcker David F. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and
    measurement error. Journal of marketing research.1981; 18(1): 39-50.
    22. Hair Jr, Sarstedt M, Hopkins L, & Kuppelwieser VG. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLSSEM): An emerging tool in business research. European business review. 2014.
    23. Hair J F, Anderson RE, Tatham R L, Black W C. Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings; Englewood Cliffs,
    NJ:Prentice Hall. 2005.
    24. Nunnally J, Bernstein I. Psychometric Theory. 3th Edition, McGraw-Hill: New York, 1994.