پیش بینی سرمایه روانشناختی بر اساس طرحواره‎های ناسازگار اولیه و عوامل شخصیت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی عمومی‎،گروه روان شناسی، واحد تهران مرکزی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی‎، تهران ، ایران.

2 استادیار ،گروه روان شناسی ، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی‎، تهران ، ایران. )نویسنده مسئول)

3 دانشیار،گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه
هدف پژوهش حاضر پیش بینی سرمایه روانشناختی بر اساس طرحواره‎های ناسازگار اولیه و عوامل شخصیت در مجرمان تبهکار بود.
روش کار
این مطالعه از نوع همبستگی بود. مجرمان دستگیر شده در دو استان تهران و البرز جامعه پژوهش را تشکیل دادند. ۲۹۱مجرم تبهکار نمونه ما بود که به شیوه در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ۴۵ پرسشنامه به علت کامل نبودن حذف و ۲۴۶ پرسشنامه مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. پرسشنامه سرمایه روانشناختی لوتانز(۲۰۰۷)، فرم کوتاه پرسشنامه طرحواره‎های ناسازگار اولیه یانگ (۱۹۹۹) و فرم کوتاه پرسشنامه عوامل شخصیت (۱۹۹۲) استفاده شد.داده ها با روش رگرسیون چندگانه گام به گام  درنرم افزار SPSS26 و سطح معناداری برابر 05/0 تحلیل شد.
نتایج
نتایج همبستگی مثبت بین طرحواره خویشتن داری- خودانضباطی ناکافی با سرمایه روانشناختی (۳۶/۰r= و۵۱/۰=B و ۰۵/۰P<) و عامل توافق پذیری با سرمایه روانشناختی(۰۵/۰P< و۱۵/۰r= و۲/۰=B )را نشان داد.
نتیجه گیری
نتایج به دست آمده از این پژوهش نشانگر آن است که مجرمان تبهکار سرمایه روانشناختی بیش برآورد شده‎ای را گزارش کرده اند که به نظر می‎رسد تحت تاثیر طرحواره ها و عوامل شخصیت است. بر این اساس قبل از هر نوع مداخله و حمایتی، توجه به طرحواره‎ای ناسازگار اولیه و عوامل شخصیت ضروری به نظر می‎رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Predicting psychological capital in criminal offenders based on early maladaptive schemas and personality factors

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sedigheh Samani 1
  • Mahdieh Salehi 2
  • Nur ali Farrokhi 3
1 PhD student General Psychology , Department of Psychology , Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran , Iran.
2 Assistant Professor، Department of Psychology , Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran , Iran. (Corresponding author)
3 Associate Professor ,Department of Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University ,Tehran ,Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction
The aim of the present study was to predict psychological capital based on the initial maladaptive schemas and personality factors in criminals.
Material and Method
This study was correlational.  The criminals arrested in two provinces of Tehran and Alborz formed the research community. There were 291 criminals in our sample who were selected in an accessible way. 45 questionnaires were removed due to incompleteness and 246 questionnaires were analyzed.  Luthans psychological capital questionnaire (2007), the short form of Yang's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (1999) and the short form of the personality factors questionnaire (1992) were used. The data were analyzed by step-by-step multiple regression method in SPSS26 software and the significance level was 0.05.  Were analyzed.
Results
The results showed a positive correlation between insufficient self – control / self-discipline schema with psychological capital (r=0.36) and agreeableness factor with psychological capital (r=0.15).
Conclusion
The results obtained from this research indicate that the group of criminals need to improve their knowledge and related treatments and only social support will not be useful.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Criminals
  • Early Maladaptive Schemas
  • Personality Traits
  • Psychological Capital

1- Dóci E,Knappert L,Nijs S & Hofmans J (2022)  . Unpacking psychological inequalities in organisations: Psychological capital reconsidered  . 21 February 2022 .https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12379.

2- Luthans, F&Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2017). Psychological capital: an evidence-based positive approach. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav. 4, 339–366. doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113324.
3- Newman, A., Nielsen, I., Smyth, R., & Hirst, G. (2018). Mediating role of Psychological capital in the relationship between social support and wellbeing of refugees. International Migration, 56(2), 117-132.
4- Yazdanbakhsh, K.Moradi, A& Bastami, E.(2017).The relationship between psychological capital and hard work with job burnout.  Roish Psychology Journal, 14 (29), 181-202.
5-Savadkohi, A& Motamedi, E. (2016). Relationship between dimensions of psychological capital and job performance.Industrial and Organizational Psychology Studies Journal,4(4), 59-74.
6-Wu,C.M.,&Chen,T.J.(2018).Collective psychological capital: Linking shared leadership,organizational commitment, and creativity. International Journal of HospitalityM anagement, 74, 75-84.
7-Faias J, Caridade S, Cardoso J. (2016) Exposicao a violencia familiar e abuso intimo em jovens: Que relacao? Psychologica 2016; 59(1):7-23.

 8- Angeli F (2020)  How does childhood predict adulthood psychological capital? : early maladaptive schemas and positive psychological capital. 2020. Ricerche di psicologia : 3, 2020 789-933 p.

9- Kizilagac F, Cerit C. (2019) Assessment of early maladaptive schemas in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Dusunen Adam the Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences. 2019; 32(1):14.

10- Borges J, L 1 Aglio, D D D. (2020)   Early maladaptive schemas as mediators between child maltreatment and dating violence in adolescence.2020. Ciênc. saúde coletiva 25 (8) • Aug 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020258.24992018.
11- Sciaraffa MA, Zeanah PD, Zeanah CH. (2018)  Understanding and promoting resilience in the context of adverse childhood experiences. Early Childhood Education Journal. 2018a: 46;343-353.
12- Soltankhah S, Rahmani M, Akbari B, Darvishi F. (2013) Comparison between early maladaptive schema with psychological resiliency of the criminals, murder, drug trafficking, rape. In 3rd World Conference on Psychology, Counselling and Guidance. Elsevier B.V. 2013;84:1105-1109.
13- Suciu N Meliț L E,  Mărginean C O. (2021)   A Holistic Approach of Personality Traits in Medical Students: An Integrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 5;18(23):12822.doi: 10.3390/ijerph182312822.
14- Mann F D. , Atherton O E. DeYoung C G, Krueger R F., and Robins R W. (2021)  Big five personality traits and common mental disorders within a hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology: A longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth.2021. J Abnorm Psychol. 2020 Nov; 129(8): 769–787.doi: 10.1037/abn0000633.
15-Zager K G, Kavčič T, Avsec A. (2021) Resilience matters: explaining the association between personality and psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2021;21:100198.

16-Erkan H. (2017)The relationship between resilience and the Big Five personality traits in adulthood.Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 17 (70), 83-103, 2017.

17-Cam S ، Alkal A. (2020) An Investigation of Interpersonal Problem Solving in University Students in Terms of Personality Traits, European Journal of Educational Sciences, March 2020. edition Vol.7 No.1 ISSN: 1857- 6036. URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/ejes.v7no1a2.

18- Rajaei, A and Nadi, M A and Jafari, A,) 2016(, psychometric characteristics of the positive psychological capital scale among employees of Isfahan city of education and upbringing.
19-Schmidt, N.B.,Joiner, T.E.,Young, J.E.,Telch, M.J.(1995).The Schema Questionnaire: Investigation of psychometric properties and the hierarchical structure of a measure of maladaptive schema. Cognitive Therapy and Research,19(3), 295-321.
20- Ahi, Q. (2006). Normization of the short version of the Young Schema Questionnaire, master's thesis in psychology, Tehran, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University.
21- Costa PT, McCrae RR.The five-factor model of personality and its relevance to personality disorders.Journal of Personality Disorders.1992;6(4):343–59.doi:10.1521/pedi.1992.6.4.343.
22- Birami M.(2008)Comparison of personality traits and coping strategies in students with cases in the university disciplinary committee with normal students,Tabriz University Psychology  .
23-Carmen C and  Calvete E. (2014)  Early Maladaptive Schemas and Personality Disorder Traits in Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence.The Spanish Journal of Psychology Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 February 2014.
24- Petherick W., Sinnamon G.(2017).The psychology of criminal and antisocial behaviour: victim and offender perspectives. Academic Press.
25-Ashley L. Dunne,Flora Gilbert,Stuart Lee,Michael Daffern. (2018) The role of aggression-related early maladaptive schemas and schema modes in aggression in a prisoner sample Aggressive behavior First published: 25 January 2018 https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21747.

26- Cudo A,  Mącik D, Griffiths M D.,  Kuss D J. (2020)  The Relationship between Problematic Facebook Use and Early Maladaptive Schemas.2020 J Clin Med. 2020 Dec; 9(12): 3921.Published online 2020 Dec 3. doi: 10.3390/jcm9123921.

27- Jones, S. E., Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2011). Personality, antisocial behavior, and aggression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39, 329‒337.

28- Lynam, D. R., & Miller, J. D. (2015). Psychopathy from a basic trait perspective: The utility of a five-factor model approach. Journal of Personality, 83, 611‒626.
29- Rolison, J. J., Hanoch, Y., & Gummerum, M. (2013). Characteristics of offenders:The HEXACO model of personality as a framework for studying offenders’ personality. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 24, 71‒82.
30- Walters G D. (2018)  Predicting Short- and Long-Term Desistance from Crime with the NEO Personality Inventory-Short Form: Domain Scores and Interactions in High Risk Delinquent Youth.2018. Journal of Research in Personality. Volume 75, August 2018, Pages 37-45 .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.05.004.
31- I. John, Oliver P. II. Robins, Richard W. III. Pervin, Lawrence A. Handbook of Personality Theory and Research.BF698.H335 2008. 155.2—dc22. © 2008 The Guilford Press .A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. 72 Spring Street, New York, NY 10012.www.guilford.com.
32- Hevani A N. (2020) “Did you watch today’s news?” - The relationship between crime news exposure and fear of crime and the moderating role of psychological capital. June 26th, 2020. Bachelor thesis. University of Twente .