بررسی عوامل موثر بر رفتارهای پیشگیری کننده از تب مالت در روستاییان با استفاده از نظریه شناختی اجتماعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آموزش بهداشت و ارتقا سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت،علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران

2 استاد آموزش بهداشت و ارتقا سلامت، گروه آموزش بهداشت و ارتقا سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت،مرکز تحقیقات توسعه اجتماعی و ارتقا سلامت، دانشگاه

3 گروه اپیدمیولوژی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد

4 استادیار آموزش بهداشت و ارتقا سلامت، گروه آموزش بهداشت و ارتقا سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت،مرکز تحقیقات توسعه اجتماعی و ارتقا سلامت،

چکیده

مقدمه: تب مالت یک بیماری با درگیری چند ارگان است. این بیماری در صورت عدم تشخیص و درمان به موقع به سمت یک بیماری مزمن و ناتوان کننده پیشرفت می نماید. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین عوامل موثر بر رفتارهای پیشگیری کننده از تب مالت با استفاده از نظریه شناختی اجتماعی انجام شد.                                                
روش‌کار: این مطالعه یک پژوهش مقطعی می باشد که بر روی  100 نفراز ساکنین روستایی تحت پوشش دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد در سال 1399 انجام شد. نمونه ها با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی دو مرحله ای انتخاب شدند. جمع آوری داده ها توسط پرسشنامه محقق ساخته که شامل اطلاعات جمعیت شناختی، سازه های مدل شناختی- اجتماعی و رفتار بود، انجام گرفت. تحلیل های آماری با نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 16 انجام گرفت.
نتایج: میانگین سنی 70/9 ± 19/35 سال می باشد، 82 درصد از افراد شرکت کننده زن، 93 درصد دارای تحصیلات دیپلم و زیر دیپلم ، 87  درصد  متاهل و 78 درصد زنان خانه دار بودند. بجز سازه درک موقعیت، بین سایر سازه ها و رفتار پیشگیرانه از تب مالت همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری مشاده شد.  نتایج مدل رگرسیونی نشان داد پیش گویی کنندهای رفتار پیشگیرانه از تب مالت شامل سازه های آگاهی، انتظار پیامد، ارزش پیامد، درک موقعیت، خودکارآمدی، خودکارآمدی بر غلبه بر موانع، خود تنظیمی و سازگاری عاطفی می باشد( 05/0 > P).  
نتیجه‌گیری: هر چه میزان آگاهی، انتظار پیامد، ارزش پیامد، درک موقعیت، خودکارآمدی، خودکارآمدی بر غلبه بر موانع، خود تنظیمی و سازگاری عاطفی بیشتر باشد رفتار پیشگیرانه از ابتلا به تب مالت هم بیشتر خواهد بود. اجرای آموزش های پیشگیرانه از تب مالت مبتنی بر تئوری شناختی اجتماعی توصیه می گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Factors affecting preventive behaviors of brucellosis in villagers using social cognitive theory

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tahereh KhosraviAsl 1
  • Mahdi Moshki 2
  • EHSAN MOSAFARKHANI 3
  • Mitra Dogonchi 4
1 Master student of health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
2 Professor of Health Education and Health Promotion, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
3 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
4 Assistant Professor of Health Education and Health Promotion, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Brucellosis is a multi-organ disease involving several organs. This disease progresses to a chronic and debilitating condition if not diagnosed and treated in time. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the factors affecting preventive behaviors of brucellosis in villagers using social cognitive theory.
Material and Method
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 residents of rural areas under the coverage of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2020. The participants were selected using two-stage random sampling. The data in this study were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire that measured demographic information and the constructs of the cognitive-social model. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16).
Results
The participants' mean age was 35.19±9.70 years. Furthermore, 82% of participants were women, and 93% had high school diplomas or lower education. In addition, 87% of the participants were married, and 78% were housewives. Except for the construct of understanding the situation, a positive and significant correlation was observed between other constructs and preventive behavior for brucellosis. The results of the regression model showed that predictors of preventive behaviors for brucellosis were knowledge, outcome expectations, outcome value, self-efficacy, self-efficacy in overcoming obstacles, self-regulation, and emotional adjustment (P <0.05).
Conclusion
Higher levels of knowledge, outcome expectations, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy, self-efficacy in overcoming obstacles, self-regulation, and emotional adjustment are associated with higher levels of preventive behavior for brucellosis. Therefore, preventive education programs can be implemented based on social cognitive theory to prevent brucellosis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Social Cognitive Theory
  • Preventive Behaviors
  • Brucellosis

مراجع

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
دوره 66، شماره 6
بهمن- اسفند 1402
بهمن و اسفند 1402

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