Medical Journal of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Persian Possible Donor Detection Program (PPDDP) to increase the the number of organ donations in brain deaths .
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study conducted at Mashhad University for three years from 2016 to 2019, the PPDDP model communicated by the Ministry of Health were performed by the experts in 4-hour courses for all transplant authorities in Khorasan province (About 1000 people) with the goals of patient identification training , proper brain death care, promotion of organ donation culture to increase satisfaction, increase motivation in related teams, increase survival of recipient patients and familiarity with diagnosis, Confirmation and care of brain death and the number of organ donations before and after the educational intervention was evaluated.
Results: The number of brain deaths proper for transplantation increased from 96 cases in 2016 to 182 cases in 2019 and the number of transplants increased from 56 cases in 2016 to 123 cases in 2019 so that there was 11% increase with statistically significant difference (p = 0.04). The PMP index (the number of organ donor brain deaths per million people) also increased from 12 in 2016 to 20 at the end of 2019.
Conclusion: Conducting training courses and sensitizing the therapists team and gaining support from the authorities can enhance the effectiveness of interventions.

Abstract Introduction
 
Falling injury is one of the most common reasons of trauma around the world. Unfortunately the socioeconomic consequences of falling are remarkable and it is reasonable to prevent these events versus treatment the patients. The first step to prevent of an accident is recognizing of its reasons. This study was conducted to evaluate the preventable reasons and consequences of falling injury
 
Material and Methods
 
This is a retrotrespective study which evaluated 700 patients that managed in a tertiary trauma center of North-East of Iran at 2018. Reasons, type of injures, treatments, rehabilitations and their costs were evaluated.
 
Results
 
According to the results, 24.2% of the causes of falls were domestic accidents, 20.14% were industrial accidents and 25.7% were due to non-observance of occupational safety issues. 63% of patients needed surgery during the treatment process and 3.1% of the victims unfortunately died. 73% of the falls in the study were preventable, which is practically maintainable considering the cost of $ 722.23 for each treatment. On the other hand, 68.1% of patients were under 40 years old, which shows that prevention of falls plays an important role in protecting the active part of the society.
 
Conclusion
 
Education, close observation of supervisory organization and preparing of personal protective equipments can prevent of falling injury and its consequenceseffectively.

Abstract Abstract
Introduction: Gastrointestinal diseases impose a great economic burden and psychological pressure on society and the health care system. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on pain perception and perfectionism in men with irritable bowel syndrome.
Materials and Methods:  This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male patients with irritable bowel syndrome referred to Milad Hospital in Tehran in 1397-98. By available and purpose-based sampling method, 30 people were selected and randomly replaced in two equal groups of 30 people. Data were collected using the revised McGill Pain Form and the Jones Irrational Belief Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), tests related to statistical presuppositions and repeated measures variance with SPSS statistical software version 26.
Results: The results showed that in the post-test stage, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean total score of perfectionism and pain perception in the two groups (P <0.05). This difference was also persistent in the quarterly follow-up phase (P <0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this study can provide a promising outlook for the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on the psychological structures of patients with chronic medical disease, especially irritable bowel syndrome.

Abstract Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system in which the myelin of the central nervous system is damaged. One of the areas that are affected in MS is the cerebellum. Disorders in this structure lead to ataxia, imbalance. Recent studies have shown Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is the application of weak electrical currents (1-2 mA) to modulate the activity of neurons in the brain. However, the main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) on postural control in woman with MS.
Methods: The study samples were 20 women with MS (30 to 40 years).Patients received sham or real anodal tDCS of cerebellar for 5 consecutive days in a randomized, sham-controlled study. Main Outcome Measures: postural control (Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Time up and Go (TUG)), were evaluated. The Neuropsychological evaluation was conducted at baseline and immediately after the ctDCS and one month after the completion of the intervention.
Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for the intragroup analyses and intergroup analyses. Berg Balance Scale and Time up and Go scores improved in after active anodal tDCS only were improved in intervention group.
Conclusion: These preliminary data support the notion that tDCS of the cerebellar combined with balance training improves postural control in women with MS. However Future work has to evaluate potential benefits of cerebellar tDCS on postural control in People with MS.

Abstract Abstrac:
Background and Aim: Anabolic-androgenic steroids are often used by athletes as an anabolic drug to improve athletic performance. The aim of this study was the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and testosterone enanthate consumption on the expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes in liver tissue of female rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 female mice aged 8 weeks and weighing 200 g were prepared from Institut Pasteur (Iran). Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups after 1 week of introduction: 1) control group (n = 8), 2) exercise group (n = 8) and 3) testosterone + exercise group (n = 8). Eight-week resistance training protocol (24-step ladder with weights), five days of training per week with two days of rest per week, in which weights were 40% of female rats' body weight in the first week and 20% of body weight was added every week and two sessions per week Weighing was performed. The mice in the testosterone group were then injected with a steroid (testosterone enanthate at a dose of 20 mg three times a week). Sampling was performed on all animals with completely similar conditions, followed by 12 to 14 hours of fasting and 72 hours after the last training session and testosterone injection. Laboratory analysis of BAX and BCL-2 gene levels of liver tissue was determined using special commercial kits by real-time PCR.
Results: Testosterone injection resulted in a significant increase in the expression of liver BAX gene in resistant female rats. Also, the expression of BCL-2 gene in liver tissue decreased due to testosterone consumption, which was not significant.
Conclusion: It can be thought that testosterone consumption causes apoptosis in liver cells, which may lead to liver disease in resistance-trained rats.

Abstract Introduction: The consumption of sports supplements and their effects on the performance of athletes needs to be evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of L-citrulline supplementation on nitric oxide (NO) and blood lactate in young women after a maximal exercise session.
Methods & Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental with double blind design. After filling out the health questionnaire, 24 voluntary inactive young women with body mass index less than 25 kg/m2 were randomly divided into two groups (n=12) and placebo (n=12). Subjects visited the laboratory twice; in the first session, the first blood samples were taken immediately after the exercise protocol. After 5 minutes of warm-up, the subjects were performed the Bruce treadmill test protocol to time to exhaustion. Then the supplement group consumed 6 grams daily L-citrulline powder and placebo (starch powder) for one week. The second session was performed one week later in the same conditions as the first session. Immediately after the test, time to exhaustion was recorded, blood samples collected and lactate and NO plasma levels measured. Analysis of variance with repeated measures with significant level p < 0.05 was used for analyzing data.
Findings: The results showed that there was no significant difference between time to exhaustion, plasma levels of lactate and NO of two groups (placebo and supplement) in two sessions.
Discussion & Conclusions: It seems that acute supplementation of L-citrulline has no effect on nitric NO and blood lactate in young women after a maximal exercise session.

Abstract Introduction: Chronotropic incompetence is defined as a decrease in the heart rate response to exercise. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the chronic effect of smoking on Chronotropic Response to exhausting exercise in Middle-aged Men.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed on 1045 individual referred to oxygen sports medical center in 2019. In total, 30 smoker and 30 non-smoker cases were selected and evaluated. Required information was extracted from the case file. Independent T-test was used for data analysis.
Results: There was no significant difference in age, physical activity level, maximum heart rate predicted by age, time to exhaustion and Workload tolerance in smokers and nonsmokers (p < 0.05). Smokers heart rate at rest, during submaximal intensity and recovery was significantly higher than non-smokers (p < 0.05). Percentage of heart rate change from rest to sub-maximal intensity and maximum heart rate in smokers was significantly lower than non-smokers (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Cigarette smoking can increase resting heart rate, blunted heart rate response during exercise, and inability to reach the maximum heart rate predicted by age. In addition, cigarette smoking blunted heart rate response during recovery. These findings indicate chronotropic Incompetence in smokers.

Abstract Introduction:The  expression of  adhesion  molecules  in  the  heart  tissue  is  considered  as  an important  indicator  in  the  estimation  of  coronary  artery  disease  risk.  Since  physical  activity  is  effective  in  reducing symptoms of cardiac disease, The purpose of this study was to The effect of intense aerobic training on gene expression ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and RAGE in heart tissue in type 2 diabetes obese rats.
Materials & Methods: During this experiment 14 diabetic rats with High-Dieting Diet Vistar race with an average weight of 220 ±20 grams, were randomly divided into two  groups, including the control group, and the  group intense aerobic.The training program of the intense aerobic training group for 6 weeks was 5 sessions per week in the form of running on a treadmill with 30 second repetitions and 2 minute active rest between each repetition. Blood sampling was performed 48 hours after the last training session. test data were analyzed by Independent  Samples t test.
Results:The results showed that intense aerobic exercise have significant effect on gene expression ICAM-1 and VCAM-1(P=0/001). However, it had  no significant effect on gene expression RAGE(P=0/34).
Conclusion: According to the results, in seems that Intense aerobic  trainings effectively reduce gene expressions ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in left ventricular heart of diabetic rats and therefore can be considered  an  effective way  in reducing  pathogenesis cardiac signaling pathways in the heart of rats with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract Introduction and purpose: The emergence of physiologic and chronic diseases influences the parents’ (especially the mothers’) mental health. Therefore the present study was conducted aiming to compare the effectiveness of teaching resilience and emotion regulation on the life quality and self-efficacy of the mothers of the children suffering from cerebral paralysis.
Material and methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up design. The statistical population included all the mothers of the children with cerebral paralysis in the city of Shiraz in 2017. Non-probable available sampling method and random replacement were used in the present study. After selecting the sample size and replacing them into experimental and control groups, the experimental group received ninety-minute teaching interventions during three months once a week. The applied questionnaires were life quality questionnaire (World Health Organization, 1993) and self-efficacy (Shrer and Adams, 1980). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA.
Findings: The data from the study showed that teaching resilience and emotion regulation has been effective on the life quality and self-efficacy of the mothers of the children with cerebral paralysis while there was not observed any significant difference between effectiveness of these two methods on life quality and self-efficacy.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, resilience and emotion regulation training can be used to improve the quality of life and self-efficacy of mothers with children with cerebral palsy.

Abstract Introduction: The medical education program is one of the necessities of educational opportunities in order to acquire skills and improve the clinical duties of medical students. This study was conducted with the aim of researching the development and improvement of the current general medical education program of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: Design a training program for the Addie five-step model that includes analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation in seven steps.
Results: According to the implemented program, in the revision method, the courses are integrated and presented in 4 semesters. You can also see the obvious results of this design of general medical medical education in 6.5 years, which shows compared to the classic 7 years, ie in the traditional medical method, basic medical sciences will be presented in 5 semesters and in the revised method in 4 semesters.
Conclusion: The advancement of technology and the emergence of new events and happenings require a change in educational patterns in order to make the educational process more efficient and effective than before by modifying and reviewing past methods. This review increased the amount of learning and memory of students. Also, this program can be used by all medical universities in the country as needed.

Abstract Background and purpose: Hemodialysis is the most common treatment in renal patients as it improves the quality of life and reduces the complications of renal failure. Insufficient dialysis is one of the most important causes of disability and death in dialysis patients.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. The number of samples was 41 patients undergoing hemodialysis selected for dialysis for more than three months and were chosen by the census method. Data were collected through a researcher-made demographic questionnaire. Dialysis adequacy was calculated using Kt /v and URR parameters. Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests in SPSS 22 software.
Finding: The results showed that the minimum and maximum KT/V index were 0.24 and 3.12, respectively, the mean was 1.28 ±0.The mean total URR of patients was 66.83 ±14.23, and the lowest URR was 12.60, and the highest was 94.30%. Mean blood urea nitrogen was reported to be 273.63± 0.23 before dialysis and 63.17± 5.23 after dialysis.
Discussion and Conclusion:
The present study showed that more than half of the patients(64%) on hemodialysis had good dialysis adequacy, but in 36% of patients, dialysis adequacy was not sufficient; Therefore, it is necessary to implement interventions to improve the duration of dialysis and blood flow, the type of filter, etc. as the influential primary factors.

Abstract Abstract
Introduction:Various intervention studies have been conducted to reduce adolescent Internet addiction, but a study that assessed the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy based on the adjustment of maladaptive schemas has been neglected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based group therapy with respect to the adjustment of early maladaptive schemas in reducing Internet addiction in high school girls. Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed using a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group. The study population consisted of all adolescent girls in high schools in Tehran in 1398. The sample of this study was 30 adolescent girls who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The research tool was Kimberly Young's Internet Addiction Questionnaire (1998). For the experimental group, mindfulness-based therapy was administered in 8 90-minute sessions due to the modification of early maladaptive schemas (Young and Martin, 2010; Tizdal et al., 2012), but the control group did not receive any intervention. Multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance tests were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that mindfulness-based therapy reduces Internet addiction and its dimensions (spending too much time, dependence on peace of mind, neglect of social life, performance control and neglect of academic work tasks) in the post-test phase and The same dimensions were followed except for neglecting the academic job duties of the course (p <0.01).
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it is recommended that psychologists and counselors use these two treatment approaches to reduce Internet addiction in girl adolescents.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and self-efficacy with psychological well-being through the mediating role of psychological capital in the elderly with cardiovascular disease.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive correlation and statistical population included all elderly men with cardiovascular disease referred to hospitals in Qazvin in 1398, which was performed by targeted sampling. A total of 230 people were selected and then answered four questionnaires of the perceived social support scale of Zimet et al. 1998, the self-sufficiency scale of Jalali et al., The 1989 psychological well-being scale, and the Lutans Psychological Capital Scale. In order to analyze the data, regression analysis test and path analysis method were used using SPSS software version 16.
Results: The results of data analysis showed that there is no significant relationship between perceived social support and self-sufficiency, but there is a significant relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being and between self-sufficiency and psychological well-being of the elderly; Perceived and psychological well-being does not play a mediating role, but acts as a mediator between self-sufficiency and psychological well-being.
Conclusion: This study shows the effective role of perceived social support and self-sufficiency and psychological capital in predicting the psychological well-being of the elderly and it is recommended that psychological and counseling interventions to improve and Promoting the psychological well-being of these people should be considered.

Abstract Introduction: It is very painful and anxious for children to undergo venous and injection procedures. Exposure to severe pain and anxiety can cause mental health problems in children. There are several ways to reduce pain when injecting cocaine. In this study, we examine both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of reducing the severity of pain in children during injection.
Methods: In this study, a systematic review of all Iranian articles published in Persian by searching Sid, Medlib, Google scholar, Magiran and Iran Medex databases with Persian keywords; pain control, vein taking, injection and thought diversion Searched in children. Of the many articles, twenty were reviewed.
Results: In various studies on the role of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods such as; use of spelling cream, thought deviation (music, bubble making, touch, acupressure, musical ball, injection on doll, massage, relaxation methods, exercises Respiratory problems, etc., are among the most common methods used for painful procedures that take a short time. Therefore, interventions should be used to reduce the feeling of pain in children. , Used.
Conclusion: The results of studies showed that non-pharmacological methods have a greater effect on controlling children's pain during injection. Also, because non-pharmacological methods (thought deviation) are much less expensive and cost-effective than pharmaceutical methods (spelling cream), so different methods of thought deviation can be a good alternative to non-pharmaceutical methods such as spelling cream.

Abstract Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is one of the causes of TORCH syndrome )Toxoplasmosis, Others, Hepatitis B, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex Virus) during pregnancy that can cause severe complications in fetus and neonate if left untreated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of pregnant women about Toxoplasmosis in Mashhad in 2018.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 501 pregnant women referred to comprehensive urban health centers. Multistage cluster sampling was used. The data collection tool was a 25-question questionnaire including general information, risk factors, symptoms, complications, prevention and practice of pregnant women about Toxoplasmosis. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20 using t-test, ANOVA and linear regression test.
Results: 31.1% of pregnant women stated that they had heard or read information about toxoplasmosis. The knowledge of 417 people (83.2%) was poor. In multivariate analysis, the number of miscarriages, monthly household income, age and education of pregnant women were significantly correlated with their knowledge about toxoplasmosis. (p <0.05)
Conclusion: Given that only 4.2% of pregnant women in this study had good information about Toxoplasmosis, it is necessary to pay more attention to educational programs to improve the awareness of pregnant women by prenatal caregivers.

Abstract Abstract
Introduction and purpose: burnout brings about numerous psychological and emotional damages for the employees that applying appropriate psychological treatments to decrease these damages is necessary. therefore the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of unified trans-diagnostic treatment on wellbeing and psychological flexibility of the employees with burnout in Water and Sewage Company.
Material and Methods: it was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and control group design and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study includes the total of 500 employees with burnout in Water and Sewage Company in the province of Isfahan in 2019. 30 employees with burnout were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly replaced into experimental and control groups (15 employees in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) in the present study. The experimental group received 10 ninety-minute sessions of unified trans-diagnostic treatment interventions during two-and-a-half months. The applied questionnaires included burnout questionnaire (Meslesh and Jackson, 1981), psychological wellbeing (Ryff, 1980) and psychological flexibility questionnaire (Denis and Vanderwall, 2010). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA.
Findings: the results showed that the unified trans-diagnostic treatment has significant effect on the wellbeing and psychological flexibility of the employees with burnout (p˂0.001).
Conclusion: the findings of the present study showed that the unified trans-diagnostic treatment through employing techniques such as identifying emotions, training emotional awareness, cognitive reevaluation, recognizing emotion avoidance models and investigating behaviors resulting from emotion can be used as an efficient treatment to improve wellbeing and psychological flexibility of the employees with burnout.

Abstract Abstract
Introduction: Due to the various medical and psychosocial consequences of overweight in adolescents, education and prevention are very important; Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness training and emotion regulation along with diet on psychological flexibility and self-regulatory behavior of overweight adolescents.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with multi-group pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of the study included all female overweight adolescents in the first high school of Tonekabon in the academic year of 1998-99. Multi-stage cluster sampling method using random method was divided into three groups of mindfulness training (n = 15), emotion regulation training (n = 15), and control group (n = 15). The research instruments included the self-regulatory questionnaire of Brown et al. (1991), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire et al. (2011). Mindfulness training protocol) and emotion regulation training (8 sessions, once a week) were performed for 90 minutes. Multivariate analysis of covariance and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that mindfulness training and emotion regulation along with diet are effective on psychological flexibility and self-regulatory behavior of overweight adolescents (p <0.01). The mean of flexibility, self-regulatory behavior and weight loss in the emotion regulation training group at the end of the post-test was higher than the mindfulness training group and the control group (p <0.01).
Conclusion: It seems that emotion regulation training had a greater effect on improving flexibility, self-regulatory behavior and weight loss compared to mindfulness training of overweight adolescents.

Abstract introduction: Pneumocephalus may be the result of trauma, surgical interventions, infections, and malignancies. Pneumocephalus can have different clinical symptoms depending on the volume of Pneumocephalus in the patients. In this study, a patient that admitted to emergency department with severe pneumocephalus after endoscopic nasal surgery discussed.
The patient is a 47-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with severe headache and nausea/ vomiting. Patient describe a headache that gradually worsened over the last 2 days, with no response to analgesic treatments. After taking history from the patient he described a history of endoscopic maxillary sinus polypectomy surgery few days ago. After imaging studies in this patient brain CT scan showed severe Pneumocephalus. The patient treatment consist of supportive care and reconstructive surgery. After that symptoms of patient resolved and he discharged from hospital.
Conclusion:
In patients with a history of surgical intervention in the sinus we must pay particular attention to neurologic manifestations and pneumocephalus.

Abstract Introduction: Epidemiological evidence suggests the antioxidant role of berberine in oxidative stress. However, its antioxidant function during or following intense muscle contractions has not been well characterized. The present study aimed to investigate the response of some oxidant or antioxidant indices to intense exercise following berberine supplementation.
Materials and methods: For this purpose, 26 young non-athlete men aged 18-24 years (80 ± 15 kg) were randomly divided into two supplement (n=13) or placebo (n=13) groups. The supplement group performed an intense exercise test after 10 days of berberine supplementation (1200mg/daily) and blood samples were taken before, immediately and 1 hour after the test to determine acute and delayed responses of malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) to berberine loading and compared with placebo group. The placebo group also experienced the conditions but with the maltodextrin placebo. Data were compared using repeated measures ANOVA.
Results: There was a significant difference in the acute and delayed MDA responses to berberine supplementation with the placebo group (p <0.05). In other words, berberine supplementation led to a significant decrease in MDA following an intense exercise test compared to placebo. However, acute and delayed response of CAT to the exercise test was not affected by berberine supplementation.
Conclusion: Emphasizing decreased MDA, it can be concluded that berberine supplementation reduces the oxidative effects of intense exercise in young non-athlete men.

Abstract Introduction: Today, the standard category for different industries and businesses is clearly defined with different qualities and it can be applied globally, but in education, because of the connection between issues and human beings and the complexity of the issue, it is not possible to establish a uniform standard for all countries, because each country has its own climate. And its location on the planet has different cultural, political, social conditions. Even in a country like Iran, due to the size and breadth of the country, a certain standard for education may not be formulated, but education without a standard will not have a place. The present study aims to provide a model for standard education and its explanation.
Material and Methods: This study examines the opinions of experts in the field of education in order to identify the components of education and provide a standard education model. The research method was descriptive-survey. The data were collected in the field. The statistical population was experts and specialists in the field of education. For this purpose, 260 experts and specialists in the field of education in South Khorasan province were selected by cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha, content validity and simultaneous validity were also used to determine the reliability and validity of the measuring instrument.
Results: Fundamental data analysis and quantitative data from descriptive, fit, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze qualitative data. .
Conclusion: The overall results of the study indicate that the proposed model can be verified using AMOS software.

Abstract Introduction: This study aims to study the impact of political culture on mind rumination among Ardebil's public hospital employees.
Method: The present study is applied in terms of application and descriptive-survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of this study includes all employees of public hospitals in Ardabil province. Using Cochran's formula, 351 people were selected as study participants. Simple random sampling method was used for sampling. To collect data, mind rumination inventory and political culture questionnaire were used. Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling method were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results of Pearson correlation test showed that political culture has a significant indirect relationship with rumination (r = -0.342, p < 0.01). The test results of the structural equation model also showed that political culture has an effect on mind rumination with a statistical score (t = 12.9) at a significant level of (0.01). The relationship with the subscales of political culture also showed the results that all three components of cognitive orientation (P <0.01, r = -0.342), emotional orientation (P <0.01, r = -0.342), and evaluative orientation (P <0.01, r = -0.402) is indirectly related to the mind rumination of employees of public hospitals in Ardabil province.
Conclusion: Considering the findings of the research, it is suggested that in order to reduce the mind rumination of employees, attention should also be paid to the political culture of the organization.

Abstract Introduction: Procrastination is the lack of self-regulatory performance and behavioral tendency to delay what is to achieve the goal. In this regard, despite being aware of the unpleasant consequences of this procrastination, the person postpones the start or completion of work and subconsciously continues this procedure, it becomes a habit or behavioral trait. The goal is to predict behavioral procrastination with respect to personality traits and self-regulation in people in their 20s and 40s.
 Methods: The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. The random sampling method is simple and the number of statistical samples is 297. Data were analyzed using a collection tool that included: Solomon and Rothblom (1984) procrastination questionnaire, Garez and Roemer (2004) self-regulation questionnaire, and Neo (1976) 5-factor personality traits. Finally, for data analysis. Multiple regression was used Data were evaluated with Spss software version 22
 
Results: The results showed that the average scores of individuals in the two dimensions of openness of experience and harmony are more than the other three dimensions of personality traits. On the other hand, the results of self-regulatory variable showed that the average scores of individuals in difficulty Other factors have a significant impact
Conclusion: In general, the results showed that the four dimensions of extraversion, harmonization, emotional stability, openness of experience, task-oriented personality traits and five dimensions of emotional responses, difficulty in behavior, difficulty in control, lack of awareness and Limited access is significantly associated with self-regulation

Abstract Abstract
Introduction: Research has shown that athletes' athletic performance depends on their ability to maintain and produce high energy efficiency per unit time; Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training with ginseng supplementation on body composition, muscle strength and oxidative stress in male athletes.
Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population includes athletes aged 20 to 25 who referred to Tavan Sports Club in Gorgan in 2020. Purposeful sampling method and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, 30 eligible people were randomly identified and randomly assigned to 2 groups of 15 people. The research instruments included a body composition device. In this study, SPSS software version 25 was used to analyze the data as well as one-way analysis of variance.
Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the post-test means of all variables in the two groups (P ≤ 0.001). Also, resistance training alone and with the use of ginseng supplement on all variables except the waist to hip ratio of resistance training + ginseng group is significant and is statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that the use of ginseng supplement along with resistance training compared to resistance training alone does not have a double effect on research variables.

Abstract Introduction:The field of human resource management and organizational structure is in the framework of performance appraisal issues in the face of health transformation plan. Therefore, the purpose of research is to design Model of structure development and human resources in Fars University of Medical Sciences based on the needs of health transformation plan programs and its comparison and benefits with previous programs.
Methods: The present research is a survey based on descriptive-correlation methods and has been done in the form of structural equation modeling. The statistical population is all employees of Fars University of Medical Sciences. The statistical sample consisted of 328 people (179 males and 149 females). The method of random sampling was simple. The research tool was a standard researcher-made questionnaire. The face validity of the questions was confirmed by experts and the construct validity was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the questions was also calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method.
Results: The results showed that the relationship between design and development of human resource management model and organizational structure with the Health Transformation Plan program in Fars University of Medical Sciences was confirmed. Other results indicate the rank of the dimensions and indicators as well as the appropriate fit and degree of approximation of the model in the study population.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it seems that the proposed model can be a suitable solution for health development plan and organizational structure with respect to human resource management.

Abstract Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to develop a causal model of self-harming behaviors based on attachment styles and maladaptive schemas in students.
Methods:The research method in this study was correlational. The statistical population of this study was all secondary school students of West Azarbaijan province in the academic year 2018-19. In this study, 214 people (99 girls and 115 boys) were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Collins and Reed Attachment questionnaire, Yang early maladaptive schema questionnaire and Self-Harm Inventory (SHI) were used for data collection. Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis were used for data analysis.
Results:Path analysis results showed that attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas had a direct and positive effect on the self-harming behavior.
Conclusion:These findings have important implications in the treatment and prevention of self-harm behaviors and can be predicted to be vulnerable to self-harm behaviors by identifying attachment styles, maladaptive schemas.

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Iranian women. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and semantic therapy in a group manner on reducing perceived stress and improving the meaning of life in patients with breast cancer. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest test with a control group. The statistical population included 30 patients referred to the oncology radiotherapy department of Imam Reza (AS) Hospital in Kermanshah, who were selected by available sampling method and randomly in the control group (10 people), the first experimental group (10 people), and the second experiment. (10 people) were appointed. Tools include cognitive-behavioral and semantic group therapy sessions and the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale and the Meaning of Life Scale. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and LSD follow-up test. Results: The results showed that both treatments were perceived as stressful and meaningful in life. Conclusion: These two treatments were useful interventions to reduce perceived stress and increase the meaning of life in breast cancer patients.

Abstract Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to develop a model of death anxiety based on belief in a just world and emotional empathy with the mediating role of spirituality in middle-aged people.
Methods: The research method was correlational with structural model approach. The statistical population of this study was all people in the age range 45-65 years old male and female referring to health house in the first half of 1977. Klein method was used to determine the sample size and 464 individuals were selected through multistage random sampling. They were selected and completed the Templar Death Anxiety Questionnaire (1970), Belief in the Just World (2005), Batson's Emotional Empathy (1983), and Spirituality (2009). The results were analyzed using path analysis by the AMOS program.
Results: The results showed that the indirect path coefficient between emotional empathy and negative death anxiety was significant at the 0.01 level (β = -0.263 p <0.01). And there was a significant negative relationship between belief in a just world and death anxiety at the level of 0.01 (β = -0.159, p <0.01). It was thus concluded that spirituality mediates the relationship between emotional empathy, belief in a just world, and death anxiety in a negative and meaningful way.
Conclusion: Therefore, it seems that human fear of death is influenced by various factors such as emotional empathy and belief in a just world and there is a need for a comprehensive examination of one's life from different perspectives.

Abstract Abstract
Introduction: One of the challenges of the 21st century in advanced societies is dedicated to the field of ethics and adherence to its principles. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors promoting students' scientific honesty in the students of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and to examine the approach of articles in this field.
Methods: The research method is qualitative content analysis and documentary analysis. Statistical population of the research; Includes articles related to the scientific honesty of students of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. 18 articles related to the years 2009 to 2020, using purposive sampling method, the desired cases have been selected.
Results: The results showed that the indicators related to the promotion of scientific honesty were identified as 147 indicators, then they were classified into 11 sub-categories by merging common concepts.
Conclusion: It seems that the approach of the majority of researches in the field of scientific honesty is quantitative and they have collected their information mainly through questionnaires.

Abstract Introduction: The most important period of motor development is childhood and One of the most important stages of motor development is the effective development of fundamental motor skills. The aim of this study was to test the validity and responsiveness of MABC-2 in children with autism spectrum disorder in Tehran city.
Materials and Methods: The research method is descriptive-cross sectional. The statistical population consisted of all children and adolescents with autism in Tehran. 100 subjects were selected through available sampling. The research tool was MABC-2 test.  The data was collected tester who were familiar with the test, and according to the manual of the test. The validity of the test was calculated through confirmatory factor analysis of the three-factor and eight-case model and the responsiveness with a two baseline measurements whit interval between the first measurement and the follow-up measurement after 6 months’ of rehabilitation. Data analysis was performed using SPSS And LISREL software (version 23, SPSS). p<0.01 was considered significant.
Results: Based on the results, the factor analysis proposed by Henderson et al confirmed. RMSEA values were 0.43 and 0.06. IFI, GFI, CFI and NFI Indicator are also larger than the desired criterion (0.9).  SRM
 Value were from 0.28 to o.46 for the subscales and 0.35 for the whole scales. The effect size values were from 0.30 to 1.26 for the subscales and 0.57 for the whole scales and The results of the rock curve obtained the optimal cutting point that has the best sensitivity and specificity equal 67.25.
Conclusion: It seems that this test can be used as a valid test with the ability to respond appropriately to measure the motor development of children and adolescents with autism in Tehran.

Abstract Introduction: Research has shown that the process of globalization, rapid and fundamental technological advances, new advances in information technology, rapid changes in consumption and demand patterns, energy resources, scarcity of resources and high costs depend on a series of capabilities. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of business intelligence on the implementation of strategic management components in the pharmaceutical industry.
Methods: The research method is descriptive-correlation. The standard 27-item questionnaire of Hill and Jones (2007) was used to collect data, the validity of which was reaffirmed using the content validity ratio, and the reliability of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was equal to 0.79 which indicated the appropriate reliability of the research tool. The statistical population of this study was all senior managers of sales, marketing and technology of pharmaceutical companies in Alborz and Tehran provinces (360 managers), of which 275 people were selected by available sampling method. Multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) and SPSS software were used for data analysis.
Results: The results showed that organizations with a higher level of intelligence are more successful than other organizations in implementing strategic management components (P≤0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that business intelligence plays a significant role in making correct and timely decisions as well as implementing strategic management in organizations.

Abstract The aim of this study is the effect of Montessori educational method on the academic self-efficacy of preschool children in Bushehr. The statistical population of the present study includes students of Bushehr preschool. The statistical population is 250 people. The sample size by target sampling method is 16 people. Assessment tools include: Montessori educational package and academic self-efficacy questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software version 23. The results showed that the educational method of Montessori has a positive effect on the academic self-efficacy of preschool children in Bushehr. To explain, it can be said that students' high or low interest in learning and learning different subjects is related to their experiences in dealing with these subjects. Learning experiences of students in different subjects, when they are in the form of success or successive failures, create perceptions about the abilities related to learning different subjects and even affect their motivation in relation to similar subjects. If a student sees that he has succeeded in learning the previous material, he will also be interested in learning new material, and his success in learning will make him feel worthy and worthy. Therefore, if students' learning experiences are successful, especially in the first years of school, it will be effective in creating a positive attitude towards themselves and their abilities.