بررسی سنجش استانداردها و مسائل روانی اجتماعی کودکان بی سرپرست در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه روانشناسی، واحد صحنه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، صحنه، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: تحقیقات در زمینه سرپرستی کودکانی که به جهات و علل گوناگون سرپرست خود را از دست داده‎اند در حال توسعه می‎باشد، بنابراین، هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی سنجش استانداردها و مسائل روانی-اجتماعی کودکان بی سرپرست درمراکز شبانه روزی بود.
روش کار:  این پژوهش از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی و علی مقایسه‎ای می‎باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه ی کودکان بی سرپرست بود که طبق آمارهای سازمان بهزیستی کشور 22500 کودک بود. نمونه آماری شامل 360 کودک بی سرپرست و 360 نفر از کودکان عادی به روش تصادفی خوشه‎ای انتخاب شدند. در این تحقیق از 5 پرسشنامه استاندارد اضطراب زونک، عزت نفس کوپر اسمیت، رشد اجتماعی و ایلند، مقیاس هوش ریون خردسالان و بزرگسالان و استرس دوگل که همگی ضریب آلفای کرونباخ بالای 7/0 داشتند انتخاب شدند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون Tمستقل وکای خی دو برای بررسی تفاوت میانگین ها استفاده شد.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که مراکز نگهداری از کودکان بی سرپرست در ایران کاملاً با استانداردهای فیزیکی، فضایی و آموزشی همخوانی ندارد و فاصله ی این مراکز با استانداردها، بویژه در استانهای محروم مرکزی بیشتر به چشم می‎خورد و از منظرمتغیرهای آموزشی و اجتماعی و روانی، مشکلات در کودکان بی سرپرست بیشتر از کودکان تحت حمایت خانواده می‎باشد.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به اینکه میزان رشد اجتماعی کودکان بی سرپرست نسبت به همسالان عادی خود پایین‎تر می‎باشد، توصیه می‎شود با طراحی و با تشکیل اردوهای تفریحی آموزشی شبیه زندگی اجتماعی عادی و واگذاری اداره‎ی این اردوها و با تعریف عملیاتی نقش‎های اجتماعی به این کودکان زمینه رشد اجتماعی آنان فراهم گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Survey of the Assessment of standards and Psycho- Social Issues of Unattended Children in Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • Javad Tajar
Department of Psychology, Sahneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sahneh, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Research into the custody of children who have lost their guardian for a variety of reasons is ongoing; therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the standards and psychosocial issues of orphans in day care centers.
Methods: This research is a descriptive and comparative causal research. The statistical population of the study included all orphans, which according to the statistics of the Welfare Organization was 22,500 children. The statistical sample consisted of 360 orphans and 360 normal children were selected by cluster random sampling method. In this study, 5 standard questionnaires of Zonk Anxiety, Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem, Social Development and Ireland, Raven's IQ scale for children and adults and de Gaulle stress were selected, all of which had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient above 0.7. Independent t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the data to examine the mean differences.
Results:  The results showed that care centers for orphans in Iran do not fully comply with physical, spatial and educational standards and the distance between these centers and standards, especially in deprived central provinces is more visible in terms of educational and social variables and Psychological problems are more common in homeless children than in child-supported chil.
Conclusion: Considering that the rate of social development of orphaned children is lower than their normal peers, it is recommended to design and form educational recreational camps similar to normal social life and hand over the management of these camps and to define the operational roles. Provide social conditions for these children to develop socially.

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