روش های تشخیص بیماریهای ویروسی با تاکید بر زیست حسگرها

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تهران، دانشکده علوم و فنون نوین ، گروه مهندسی علوم زیستی، بخش نانوبیوتکنولوژی

2 گروه مهندسی علوم زیستی،دانشکده علوم و فنون نوین دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

حوادث اخیر مربوط به شیوع ویروس‌های مختلف در چند سال گذشته، که به‌دلیل همه‌گیری ناشی از بیماری ویروس کرونا در سال 2019 (COVID-19) به صورت نمایی افزایش یافته است، نگرانی و جست‌وجوی اطلاعات بیشتر در مورد بیماری های مبتنی بر ویروس را افزایش داده است. در حال حاضر، تشخیص ویروس با استفاده از روش های متکی بر واکنش زنجیره ای پلیمراز (PCR) دارای بالاترین میزان حساسیت برای تشخیص ویروس را فراهم می آورد. با این حال، این روش دارای مشکلاتی است. تحقیقات مربوط به زیست‌حسگرها نیز در حال تبدیل شدن به گسترده‌ترین رشته مورد مطالعه است زیرا زیست‌حسگرها آسان، سریع، کم هزینه، بسیار حساس و انتخابی به پیشرفت داروهای نسل بعدی کمک می‌کنند. بنابراین نانوزیست‌حسگرها ابزاری نویدبخش جدیدی برای تشخیص ویروس هستند. این مقاله مروری یک بررسی مختصر از مسئله تشخیص ویروس، شامل تشخیص ساختار هدف ویروس‌ها مانند اسیدهای‌نوکلئیک یا پروتئین‌ها را ارائه می دهد. این مقاله مروری اصول مختلف تشخیص و روش‌های ساخت هریک از انواع زیست‌حسگر ویروس را پوشش می‌دهد و در نهایت چند کاربرد آنها را در تشخیصی ویروس‌ها معرفی و به این نتیجه می رسد که نانوزیست‌حسگرهای تشخیص ویروس‌ها با حساسیت بالاتر، دقت بیشتر و تشخیص سریع‌تر مطرح شده‌اند و نسبت به روش‌های رایج در حال گسترش هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Methods of viral diseases diagnosis based on biosensors

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahsa Kalantar 1
  • Marjan Malekmohamadi 1
  • Ali hossein Rezayan 2
1 University of Tehran, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Life Science Engineering department
2 Life Science Engineering department, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

The recent events of outbreaks related to different viruses in the past few years, increased exponentially by the pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), raised a concern and increased the search for more information on viruses-based diseases. Currently, the detection of viruses using methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has the highest sensitivity. However, this method has its drawbacks. Research of biosensors is also becoming the most extensively studied discipline because of the easy, rapid, low-cost, highly sensitive, and highly selective biosensors contribute to advances in next-generation medicines. Thus, biosensors represent a new promising tool for virus detection. This review gives a brief survey of the issue of viral detection, comprising diagnostics of a target structure of viruses, such as nucleic acids or proteins. This article reviews the different principles of detection and manufacturing methods for each type of virus biosensors and finally introduces some of their applications in virus diagnosis, expanding compared to conventional methods.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Virus
  • Biosensor
  • Early Virus Diagnosis
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nanoparticle

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
دوره 64، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 6
بهمن و اسفند 1400
صفحه 4064-4086

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