اثر تمرین ورزشی بر ترکیب بدن، عملکرد حرکتی، اختلال رفتاری و تعادل زنان کم توان ذهنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه ترییت بدنی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران (نویسنده مسئول)

2 گروه ترییت بدنی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

10.22038/mjms.2025.26143

چکیده

مقدمه: تمرینات ورزشی به‌ عنوان یکی از مؤثرترین راهکارهای توان‌بخشی، نقش بسزایی در بهبود وضعیت جسمانی و روانی زنان کم‌توان ذهنی ایفا می‌کنند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر تمرینات قدرتی–تعادلی بر ترکیب بدن، مهارت‌های حرکتی و اختلالات رفتاری زنان کم‌توان ذهنی تربیت‌پذیر بود.
روش کار: روش این تحقیق نیمه‌تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون همراه با گروه‌های کنترل و تجربی بود. جامعه آماری شامل 30 زن کم‌توان ذهنی تربیت‌پذیر (میانگین سنی 25/51 ± 3/84 و میانگین وزنی 63/25 ± 8/06 کیلوگرم) بود که به‌صورت هدفمند و در دسترس انتخاب و به‌طور تصادفی در دو گروه تجربی (15 نفر) و کنترل (15 نفر) تقسیم شدند. تمرینات گروه تجربی شامل حرکات قدرتی و تعادلی بود. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون t مستقل جهت مقایسه بین‌گروهی و t همبسته برای مقایسه درون‌گروهی در سطح معنی‌داری 0/05≥P استفاده شد.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که تمرینات انجام‌شده تأثیر معنی‌داری بر شاخص توده بدن (BMI) (281/0=p) و درصد چربی بدن (112/0=p) نداشتند. با این حال، بین گروه‌های تجربی و کنترل در متغیرهای تعادل ایستا (001/0=p)، تعادل پویا (000/0=p) و عملکرد حرکتی دویدن (001/0=p) تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده شد. همچنین در شاخص‌های اختلال رفتاری، در مؤلفه‌های حواس‌پرتی (041=p) و بی‌قراری (007/0=p) بین دو گروه تفاوت معنی‌داری به دست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان داد که تمرینات قدرتی–تعادلی به مدت 6 هفته می‌توانند باعث بهبود تعادل ایستا و پویا، کاهش اختلالات رفتاری و بهبود عملکرد حرکتی دویدن در زنان کم‌توان ذهنی تربیت‌پذیر شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Physical Exercise on Body Composition, Motor Performance, Behavioral Disorders, and Balance in Women with Intellectual Disabilities

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Elmieh 1
  • Matin Barg Bidi 2
  • Adel Kashkooli Nalkiashari 2
1 Department of Physical Education, Ra.C., Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. (Corresponding Author)
2 Department of Physical Education, Ra.C., Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Physical exercise is considered one of the most effective rehabilitation strategies, playing a crucial role in improving the physical and psychological well-being of women with intellectual disabilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of strength–balance training on body composition, motor skills, and behavioral disorders in educable intellectually disabled women. 
Methods: This semi-experimental study employed a pre-test–post-test design with experimental and control groups. The participants were 30 educable intellectually disabled women (mean age = 25.51 ± 3.84 years; mean weight = 63.25 ± 8.06 kg) who were selected through purposive and convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The training program for the experimental group included strength and balance exercises. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent t-tests for between-group comparisons and paired t-tests for within-group differences, with a significance level set at P ≤ 0.05.
Results: The findings indicated no significant changes in body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.281) and body fat percentage (p = 0.112). However, significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in static balance (p = 0.001), dynamic balance (p = 0.000), and running motor performance (p = 0.001). Furthermore, significant improvements were found in behavioral disorders, specifically inattention (p = 0.041) and restlessness (p = 0.007), in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that six weeks of strength–balance training led to improvements in static and dynamic balance, reduction in behavioral disorders, and enhancement of running motor performance in educable intellectually disabled women.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Strength–balance training
  • Behavioral disorders
  • Intellectually disabled women
  • Balance

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
دوره 68، شماره 3
مرداد-شهریور 1404
مرداد و شهریور 1404
صفحه 617-626

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