مروری بر ساخت تخمدان مصنوعی با استفاده از زیست مهندسی و عوامل موثر بر بهبود نتایج آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگاه رویان، پژوهشکده زیست شناسی و علوم پزشکی تولید مثل جهاد دانشگاهی، مرکز تحقیقات پزشکی تولید مثل، گروه جنین شناسی، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد فناوری سلول‌های بنیادی و بازسازی بافت، دانشکده علوم و فناوری های نوین زیستی، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران

3 پژوهشگاه رویان، پژوهشکده زیست شناسی و علوم پز شکی تولید مثل جهاد دانشگاهی، مرکز تحقیقات پزشکی تولید مثل، گروه اندوکرینولوژی و ناباروری زنان، تهران، ایران

4 گروه زنان و زایمان، بیمارستان آرش، تهران، ایران

5 گروه زنان و زایمان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تلاش به منظور حفظ توانایی باروری و افزایش کیفیت زندگی بازماندگان مبتلا به سرطان، نارسایی زودرس تخمدان (POF)، بیماری‌های خود ایمنی (1) و افرادی با نقایص ژنتیکی نظیر بیماری ترنر (Turner Syndrome) توجه ویژه ای را به خود اختصاص داده است و به دلیل آثار گنادوتوکسیک درمان‌ سرطان، حفظ باروری پیش از آغاز دوره درمان، به یک ضرورت بالینی و اخلاقی مبدل شده است (2). روش‌های معمول حفظ توانایی باروری مانند انجماد تخمک یا جنین در حال حاضر برای کمک به بیماران با نارسایی زودرس تخمدان کافی نیست و امکان استفاده از آن و به ویژه برای دختران نابالغ مبتلا به سرطان، وجود ندارد. از طرفی خطر بازگشت سلول‌های بدخیم در روش انجماد و پیوند بافت تخمدان نیز وجود دارد. در این شرایط، ایجاد تخمدان‌های مصنوعی با کمک روش‌های مهندسی بافت که ویژگی های تخمدان‌های طبیعی را بازسازی می‌کنند، دارای اهمیت بسیاری هستند. مهندسی بافت تخمدان یک سیستم سه بعدی به منظور کمک به رشد فولیکول و از سرگیری میوز تخمک و یک راهبرد جدید برای درمان از کار افتادگی تخمدان را پیش رو قرار می‌دهد (3).
برای محقق شدن ایده‌ی‌ ایجاد تخمدان مصنوعی، وجود یک داربست مناسب برای حمایت از سلول‌های سوماتیک تخمدان و مجموعه‌ی فولیکولی برای تولید تخمک بالغ‌ و همچنین بهره‌گیری از عواملی که بتوانند به بهبود عملکرد تخمدان مصنوعی کمک کرده و تا حد زیادی آن را به نمونه‌ طبیعی نزدیک‌تر نمایند، ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. تحقیقات مختلف استفاده از مایع فولیکولی و محیط کشت القایی سلول‌های کومولوسی.را برای نیل به این هدف، مفید دانسته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A review on artificial ovary fabrication using bioengineering and factors affecting the improvement of its outcomes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Rezasoltani 1 2
  • Farideh Eivazkhani 1
  • Somayeh Tavana 1
  • Ashraf Moieni 3 4 5
  • Firoozeh Ghaffari 3
  • Rouhollah Fathi 1
1 Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Stem Cells Technology and Tissue Regeneration, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Hospital, Tehran, Iran
5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Efforts to preserve fertility and improve the quality of life for cancer survivors, patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), individuals with autoimmune diseases (1), and those with genetic disorders such as Turner syndrome have gained increasing attention. Due to the gonadotoxic effects of cancer treatments, preserving fertility prior to remedy has become a clinical and ethical imperative in cancer care (2). Egg and embryo freezing are standard methods of fertility preservation and aren’t used to prevent premature ovarian failure, particularly in young girls. Additionally, there is a risk of malignant cell recurrence with ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation. In this context, artificial ovary that mimics ovarian natural condition holds great importance. Ovarian tissue engineering provides a three-dimensional system to support follicular growth and oocyte meiosis resumption, and a new strategy for treating the ovarian failure (3). To realize the idea of artificial ovary, a suitable scaffold is necessary to support somatic cells and follicular complex for production of competence oocyte, and identification and use of factors can improve the performance of artificial ovaries and bring them closer to natural samples. Various studies have found the use of follicular fluid and cumulus cells conditioned medium to be useful in achieving this goal.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Artificial Ovary
  • Follicular Fluid
  • Cumulus Cells Conditioned Medium
  • Tissue Engineering

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
دوره 68، شماره 5
آذر-دی1404
آذر و دی 1404
صفحه 1457-1482

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