Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by memory impairment, cognitive decline, and progressive neuronal degeneration. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the onset and progression of this disease. Reduced mitochondrial biogenesis, impaired ATP production, and increased oxidative stress are among the major contributors to neuronal damage in Alzheimer’s disease.
Material and Methods: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of combined aerobic–resistance training and Coenzyme Q10 supplementation on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in the hippocampus of an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease. Molecular markers including the gene expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM, as well as mitochondrial DNA mtDNA) content and ATP levels, were evaluated.
Results: The findings demonstrated that combined training and Coenzyme Q10 supplementation significantly improved indices associated with mitochondrial biogenesis. Increased expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM genes, along with elevated mtDNA content and ATP levels, indicated enhanced energy production capacity and improved mitochondrial function in the hippocampus. Moreover, the greatest improvement was observed in the group receiving both combined training and Coenzyme Q10 supplementation simultaneously, suggesting a synergistic effect of these two interventions.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the combination of regular physical activity and Coenzyme Q10 supplementation may contribute to reducing Alzheimer’s-related neuronal damage by improving mitochondrial function, attenuating metabolic dysfunction, and enhancing neuronal energy capacity. Therefore, this approach may serve as a promising non-pharmacological strategy for neuroprotection and preservation of cognitive function.