اثر بخشی بازی درمانی بر اختلالات نوشتن در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال نارسائی توجه / بیش فعالی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی بالینی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شیراز،ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی روانشناسی بالینی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان

3 کارشناس پرستاری،مرکز تحقیقات روانپزشکی و علوم رفتاری،دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد

4 کاشناس ارشد روانشناسی ،دانشگاه آزاد سیرجان

چکیده

مقدمه : مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین اثربخشی بازی درمانی بر اختلالات نوشتاری کودکان مبتلا به اختلال نارسایی توجه/بیش فعالی انجام شد.
روش کار:روش پژوهش حاضر آزمایشی با استفاده از طرح پیش آزمون – پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل کلیه دانش آموزان پسر مقطع ابتدائی ناحیه 2 مشهد در سال تحصیلی(1394-95) بودند.  نمونه ای شامل 30 نفر از دانش آموزان پسر پایه سوم ابتدایی مبتلا به اختلال نارسایی توجه/ بیش فعالی از مدارس ابتدائی مشهد  انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در دوگروه (15 نفر گروه آزمایش و15نفر گروه کنترل ) جایگزین شدند. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات شامل فرم ویژه والدین پرسشنامه علائم مرضی کودکان (CSI-4) ، و آزمون اختلال نوشتن فلاح چای بود. گروه آزمایش به مدت 10 جلسه ( 40دقیقه ،2بار در هفته و به مدت 2 ماه) تحت مداخله قرار گرفت و گروه کنترل هیچ مداخله‎ای را دریافت نکرد. سپس مجددا از هر دو گروه آزمون اختلال نوشتاری به عمل آمد.
یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از روش تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد که بازی درمانی بر بهبود املاء نویسی،  بهبود دستخط و بهبود ترکیب نوشتارکودکان مبتلا به اختلال نارسایی توجه/ بیش فعالی موثر است.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به یا فته های پژوهش می توان نتیجه گرفت  بازی درمانی از طریق بهبود توجه و کارکرد های شناختی دیگر موجب اصلاح خطای املاء می شود. همچنین تببین دیگر یافته بدست آمده این است که بازی درمانی از طریق کاهش علایم بیش فعالی/ نقص توجه باعث بهبود خطای املا نویسی شده است

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Play Therapy on Writing Disorders in Children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reyhaneh Mehrabi 1
  • Fateme Eslami 2
  • Sarakhaton Teymorzadeh 3
  • Afsane Golzari 4
1 PhD Student of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Iran
2 M.Sc, Clinical Psychology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
3 Nursing Expert, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
4 Senior Psychologist, Sirjan Azad University
چکیده [English]

Introduction:In this study, the effectiveness of play therapy in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder was studied.
Metod:In this experimental method, a sample of 30 male3 grader students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder were selected from Mashhad primary schools and then randomly assigned to two groups (15 experimental groups and 15 control group). The data gathering instruments included Child Symptom Inventories (CSI-4) teacher‘s form and Fallahchay writing disorder test. The play therapy was administered for experimental group in 10 sessions (40 minutes twise a week for 2months) and control group received no intervention and then again the writing disorder test was performed from both groups.
Results:The results of ANCOVA analysis showed that play therapy is effective on improving spelling, handwriting and writing combination in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity.
Conclusion: According to the research findings or findings, it can be concluded that play therapy can improve spelling error by improving attention and other cognitive functions. Also found is that play therapy has improved spelling error by reducing the symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • play therapy
  • writing disorders
  • children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity
  1.  

    1. 1.     Barkley, R.A.(2006) .Attention  deficit /hyperactivity  disorder.A  handbook for diagnosis and  treatment ( 3rdEd ).New York : Gilford  Press
    2. 2.     Foreman, D. M.(2006). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: legal and ethical aspects. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Arcos-Burgos M, Muenke M (2010). Toward a better understanding of ADHD: LPHN3gene variants and the susceptibility to develop ADHD"". Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. 2(3), 139-47.
    3. 3.     Berninger, T V.W.; B.J. Wolf (2009). Teaching students with dyslexia and dysgraphia: Lessons from teaching and science. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brooks Publishing Co
    4. 4.     Berninger, T V.W.; B.J. Wolf (2009). Teaching students with dyslexia and dysgraphia: Lessons from teaching and science. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brooks Publishing Co
    5. 5.     Alizadeh, Hamid (2007). Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder, Features, Assessment, and Treatment. Tehran: Roshd Publishing
    6. 6.     Safer , D.J., & Allen , R.P. (1976). Hyperactivity  children  : Diagnosis and management . Maryland : University  Park  Press
    7. 7.     Axline, Virginia (1373). Play Therapy. Translated by Ahmad Hajjarian. Tehran: Kayhan.
    8. 8.     Berret D. The effects of play Therapy on the social and psychological adjustment of five to nine years old children [Dissertation]. Abstr Inter; 1975; (36): 20-32Berret D. The effects of play Therapy on the social and psychological adjustment of five to nine years old children [Dissertation]. Abstr Inter; 1975; (36): 20-32
    9. 9.     Rey, D., Bratton, S., Rhine, T., & Jones, L.(2001). The effectiveness of play therapy: responding to the critics. Internatinal  Journal of play therapy , 10, 85-108
    10. 10.            Althy, A.L. (2005). Effects of a trained therapy dog in child- centered play therapy on childrens bio behavioral measures of anxiety. Dissertation.University of north Texas
    11. 11.            Jantian, Sima, Abolghasem Nouri et al. (1). The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Game Therapy on the Signs of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in 5-6 Year Old Male Students. Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences. No. 12, p
    12. 12.            Moore, D.T.(2000). Eye exercises to increase attention and reduce impulsivity. Retrieved from the world wide web.2000: http://www.Altavista.com.
    13. 13.            Lange, Klaus W.; Reichl, Susanne; Lange, Katharina M.; Tucha, Lara; Tucha, Oliver (2010). The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders.
    14. 14.            Landreth, G. L., Ray, D. C., Bratton, S. C.(2009). Play therapy in elementary schools. Psychology in the Schools, 46(3): 281-9
    15. 15.            Siadatian, Seyed Hossein; Abedi, Ahmad and Sadeghian, Alireza. (1393). The Effect of Play Therapy on Boosting Hearing Attention of Students with Spelling Learning Disorders, Journal of Disability Studies, 1 (4), 2-
    16. 16.            Schaefer,C.E.(2008). Prescriptive play therap. In C.E. Schaefer (ED.), Foundations of play      therapy. Hoboken NJ: wiley. (pp. 306-320.
    17. 17.            Tampson&rodelf, B. Y. (2014). The roots of organicity: Genetics and  genograms. In P . J. Accardo, T. A. Blondis, & B.Y. Whitman  (Eds.), attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children  ( pp. 37-56). New York: Marcel Dekker
    18. 18.            Wethinton, H. R., Hahn, R. A., Fugua-Whiteley, D. S., Pe,T. A., Crosloy, A. E., Johnnson, R. L., Liberman, A. M., Mosci chi, E., Price, L. N., Tuma, F. K., Halra, G., Chatto., Padhyay, S. K. (2008). The effectiveness of nterventions to reduce psychology harm form traumatic events among child and adolescents. American Journal of Preventive M
    19. 19.            Falah Chai, Reza. (١٣٧٤). The Study of Reading Disorder and Writing Disorder Among Elementary Students. Master's thesis in Psychology. Tehran: Tarbiat Modarres University. Faculty of Humanities
    20. 20.            Tavakolizadeh, Jahanshir (1996). Epidemiological Study of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders and Attention Deficit Disorder among Students of Gonabad University. Masters Degree in Clinical Psychology. Tehran Psychiatric Institute.
    21. 21.            Happiness, Mehrnaz (1). Which of the symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder changes with yoga and play therapy interventions? Journal of Exceptional Children.
    22. 22.            Ghaderi, Niloufar; Asghar Moghaddam, Mohammad Ali and Shairi, Mohammad Reza (1). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral game therapy on aggression in children with conduct disorder. Tehran: Daneshvar Scientific Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Shahed University
    23. 23.            Mahmoudi Garai, Javad; Bita Mehdi; Yasemi, Mohammad Taghi; Amay, Anahita and Naderi, Fatemeh (1). The effect of group play therapy on symptoms related to mourning and earthquake damage in children aged 2 to 4 years. Tehran: Journal of Pediatric Diseases 6, 7, 8, 9
    24. 24.            Zarei Zavaraki, Ismail (1996). Assessment of motor skills of students with learning problems in mathematics and comparing it with normal third and fourth grade students in Tehran in the academic year of 74-75. Postgraduate Thesis, Allameh Tabatabai University.
    25. 25.            Landers, Gary. L. (2002). Dynamism Therapy Counseling with Children. Translated by Khadija Arian. Tehran: Information.
    26. 26.            Bargly, S. E:Parker, S.R., & Hansen , R.L.(2009). Developmental psychopathological at school: Identifying , assessing and treating ADHD at school, Springer.

     27.Wiener, S. (2004). Textook of Child & Adolescent psychiatry.3 thed Philadelphia: Saunders: 390-450.

      28.Bergen،.,Parker,M.(2005). Child-centered group play therapy with African American boys of the elementary school level. Journal of Counseling& Development, 83,387-396