اثربخشی فراشناخت‌درمانی بر اضطراب و بهزیستی روان‌شناختی بیماران مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی عمومی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران.

2 استاد گروه روان شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه روان شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد رودهن، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: اختلال اضطراب فراگیر زندگی فردی، اجتماعی و شغلی بیماران را با آسیب مواجه می‌سازد. بر این اساس پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی فراشناخت‌درمانی بر اضطراب و بهزیستی روان‌شناختی بیماران مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر انجام گرفت.
روش کار: روش پژوهش حاضر نیمه­آزمایشی با طرح پیش­آزمون-پس­آزمون با گروه گواه و دوره پیگیری دوماهه بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش، شامل تمام افراد مبتلا به اضطراب اجتماعی مراجعه کننده به مراکز مشاوره شهر تهران در سال 1396 بود. در این پژوهش از روش نمونه‌گیری غیراحتمالی هدفمند و گمارش تصادفی استفاده شد. پس از انتخاب حجم نمونه و گمارش آنها در گروه‌‌های آزمایش و گواه، گروه­ آزمایش مداخلات درمانی را طی سه ماه به صورت هفته­ای یک جلسه 90 دقیقه­ای دریافت نمودند. پرسشنامه‌های مورد استفاده در این پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه اختلال اضطراب فراگیر (اسپیتزر و همکاران، 2006)، پرسشنامه اضطراب (بک، اپستین، براون و استیر، 1988)، پرسشنامه بهزیستی روان‌شناختی (ریف، 1980) بود. داده‌های حاصل از پژوهش به شیوه تحلیل واریانس با اندازه­گیری مکرر تجزیه و تحلیل شد.
نتایج: نتایج حاصل از تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد که فراشناخت‌درمانی بر اضطراب و بهزیستی روان‌شناختی بیماران مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر موثر بوده است (p <0.001). بدین صورت که این درمان توانسته منجر به کاهش اضطراب و بهبود بهزیستی روان‌شناختی بیماران مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر شود.
نتیجه‌گیری: مطابق با یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که فراشناخت‌درمانی روشی کارآمد در جهت کاهش اضطراب و بهبود بهزیستی روان‌شناختی بیماران مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر به شمار می‌رود و می‌توان از این درمان برای بیماران مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر بهره برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effectiveness of metacognition therapy on the anxiety and psychological wellbeing of the patients with generalized anxiety

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atefe Abbasi 1
  • Asghar Aghaei Jeshvaghani 2
  • Hosein Ebrahimi moghasam 3
1 phd student of psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Roodehen Branch, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction: generalized anxiety affects patients' personal, social and occupational life anxiety. according to this the present study was to investigate the effectiveness metacognition therapy on the anxiety and psychological wellbeing of the patients with generalized anxiety.
Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, control group design and two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the current study was all the patients with social anxiety referring to consultation centers in the city of Tehran in 2017. Non-probable available and random replacement were used in the present study. After selecting the sample size and replacing them in the experimental and control groups, the experimental group received ninety-minute teaching interventions during three months once a week. The applied questionnaires in the current study included generalized anxiety disorder (Spitner, et.al, 2006), anxiety questionnaire (Beck, Epstein, Brown and Steer, 1988), psychological wellbeing questionnaire (Ryff, 1980). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA.
Results: The results of data analysis showed that metacognition therapy have been effective on the anxiety and psychological wellbeing of the patients with generalized anxiety (p < 0.001). This treatment has been shown to reduce anxiety and improve the psychological well-being of patients with generalized anxiety disorder.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that metacognitive therapy is an effective way to reduce anxiety and improve the psychological well-being of patients with generalized anxiety disorder and can be used for patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • metacognition therapy
  • anxiety
  • psychological wellbeing
  • generalized anxiety

مراجع

  1. Asliazad M, Faramarzi S, Arefi M, Farhadi T, Fakar A. (2013). The effect of metacognitive knowledge training on reducing hyperactivity and increasing attention of primary school children with hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder. New Quarterly Journal of Cognitive Sciences, 16(1), 57-48.
  2. Maalazad, M. (2018). Determining the content validity of the adolescent-oriented mindfulness training package and comparing its effectiveness with metacognitive therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on the symptoms of obsession, emotional creativity, cognitive regulation of emotion, tolerance of ambiguity and fusion of thought and action of students with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Isfahan city. Dissertation for specialized doctorate course, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan).
  3. Basharat, M.A.; Hafizi, A; Ranjbar Shirazi, F. and Ranjbari, T. (2017). Comparison of emotional dyslexia and defense mechanisms in patients with major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and the general population, Scientific Research Quarterly of Psychological Sciences, 17(66): 176-199.
  4. Bayani A., Mohammad Kochki A., Bayani A. (1387). Validity and reliability of RIF psychological well-being scale, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 14 (2): 151-146.
  5. Hosseini Ghafari F, Mohammadkhani P, Pourshahbaz A, Dolatshahi B. (2012). The effectiveness of group metacognitive therapy on metacognitive beliefs, worry and areas of worry in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 5th year, No. 1 (Paeiyi 17), 10-21.
  6. Dashiri G. (2011). The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on anxiety and worry in people with generalized anxiety disorder, Clinical Psychology, 4 (2): 19-28.
  7. Zulfiqari, H. and Ershadimanesh, S. (2016). Effectiveness of teaching metacognitive strategies (SQP4R) in students' metacognitive knowledge, Scientific Research Quarterly of Psychological Sciences, 16(63): 386-401.
  8. Suri, A., Azadmard, Sh., Zahedi, A., Ashuri, J. (2014). The effect of metacognitive therapy and spiritual intelligence component training on students' generalized anxiety disorder. Health Education and Health Promotion, 3(4): 359-349.
  9. Shafiei Sengatash S, Rafeinia P, Najafi M. (2011). The effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on anxiety and metacognitive components of patients with generalized anxiety disorder, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 4 (4): 19-31.
  10. Ashuri c. (2014). Comparing the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and schema therapy on reducing anxiety and depression symptoms of nursing and midwifery students, Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences, 18 (2): 50-61.
  11. Mansoori A, Bakshi Pourrodsari A, Mahmoud Alilou M, Farnam A, Fakhari A. (1390). Comparison of worry, obsession and rumination in people with generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depressive disorder and normal people, Psychological Studies, 7 (4): 74-55.
  12. Mikaili Mani, F. (2010). Investigating the psychological well-being of undergraduate students of Urmia University, Efoq Danesh Magazine, 16(4): 65-72.
  13. Nainian, M.; Shairi, M.; Sharifinia, M. and Hadian, M. (1390). Checking the reliability and validity of the short scale of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7). Clinical Psychology and Personality, 3(4), 41-50.
  14. Nikkhah M. (2013). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety and mental health of students with exam anxiety, master's thesis, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan branch (Khorasgan).
  15. Amir, N., Taboas, W., Montero, M.(2019). Feasibility and dissemination of a computerized home-based treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 120, 103-109.
  16. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA.(1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consulting Clin Psychol, 56: 893-897.
  17. Capobianco, L., Reeves, D., Morrison, A.P., Wells, A. (2018). Group Metacognitive Therapy vs. Mindfulness Meditation Therapy in a Transdiagnostic Patient Sample: A Randomised Feasibility Trial. Psychiatry Research, 259, 554-561.
  18. Chang, S., Abdin, E., Shafie, S., Sambasivam, R., Vaingankar, J.A., Ma, S., Chong, S.A., Subramaniam, M.(2019). Prevalence and correlates of generalized anxiety disorder in Singapore: Results from the second Singapore Mental Health Study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 66, 102-108.
  19. Cho, J., Martin, P., Margrett, J., MacDonald, M. and Poon, L.W. (2011). The Relationship between Physical Health and Psychological Well-Being among Oldest-Old Adults, Journal of Aging Research, 2011, Article ID 605041, 8pages.
  20. Cuijpers, P., Sijbrandij, M., Koole, S., Huibers, M., Berking,M., Andersson, G., 2014. Psychological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 34, 130–140.
  21. Dahlin M, Ryberg M, Vernmark K, Annas N, Carlbring P, Andersson G. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot study. Internet Interventions ,16–21.
  22. Esbjorn BF, Normann N,  Christiansen BM, Reinholdt-Dunne ML. (2018). The efficacy of group metacognitive therapy for children (MCT-c) with generalized anxiety disorder: An open trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 53:16-21.
  23. Hansmeier, J., Exner, C., Rief, W., Glombiewski, J.A. (2016). A test of the metacognitive model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 42-48.
  24. Hayes-Skelton, S.A., Roemer, L., Orsillo, S.M., 2013. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 81, 761–773.
  25. Heiden CVD, Rossen KV, Dekker A, Damstra M,  Deen M. (2016). Metacognitive therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder: A pilot study, Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Volume 9, 24-29.
  26. Hjemdal O, Hagen R, Solem S, Nordahl H, Kennair LEO, Ryum T,  Nordahl HM, Wells A. (2016). Metacognitive Therapy in Major Depression: An Open Trial of Comorbid Cases, Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, In Press, Corrected Proof — Note to users.
  27. Kessler RC, Keller MB, Wittchen HU. The Epidemiology of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2001; 24: 19-39.
  28. Leonard, K., Abramovitch, A.(2019). Cognitive functions in young adults with generalized anxiety disorder. European Psychiatry, 56, 1-7.
  29. Lieb R, Becker E, Altamura C. The epidemiology of generalized anxiety disorder in Europe. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005; 15: 445-452.
  30. Liu, H., Tian, Y., Liu, Y., Nigatu, Y.T., Wang, J.(2019). Relationship between major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and coronary artery disease in the US general population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 119, 8-13.
  31. Ryff, C.D., Singer, B.H. (2008). know they self and become what you are :A Eudemonic Approach to Psychological well-being .Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13-39.
  32. Sirigatti, S., Penzo, I., Giannetti, E., Casale, S., Stefanile, C.(2016). Relationships between humorism profiles and psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 219-224.
  33. Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of internal medicine, 166 (10), 1092-1097.
  34. Wells A. (2009). Metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. New York: The Guilford Press.
  35. Wu, M., Mennin, D.S., Ly, M., Karim, H.T., Banihashemi, L., Tudorascu, D.L., Aizenstein, H.J., Andreescu, C.(2019). When worry may be good for you: Worry severity and limbic-prefrontal functional connectivity in late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 257, 650-657.
مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
دوره 63، شماره 5
آذر و دی 1399
صفحه 2745-2756

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار