تعیین دامنه اثرگذاری تمرین مبتنی بر منحنی عملکرد ضربان قلب در مردان جوان فعال

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، اردبیل، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه
سیستم قلبی عروقی یکی از مهمترین بخش های طراحی تمرینات ورزشی به شمار می آید و دامنه اثر گذاری تمرینات ورزشی می تواند از آستانه هوازی تا آستانه بی هوازی اتفاق بیافتد.بنابراین هدف از اجرای تحقیق حاضر، تعیین دامنه اثرگذاری تمرین مبتنی بر منحنی عملکرد ضربان قلب در مردان جوان فعال بود.
روش کار
به همین منظور، تعداد 20 نفر از پسران جوان و فعال با میانگین سنی 5 تا 25 سال به عنوان آزمودنی انتخاب شدند و آزمون درمانده ساز دویدن بر روی نوارگردان را اجرا کردند. ضربان قلب و سطح اسید لاکتیک خون معادل آستانه هوازی و بی هوازی به ترتیب با استفاده از روش Dmax اصلاح شده و دستگاه سنجش لاکتات تعیین گردید. همزمان با استفاده از سیستم تجزیه و تحلیلی گازهای تنفسی، تغییرات حجم اکسیژن مصرفی و دی اکسید کربن تولیدی مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. دراین پژوهش به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از روش های آماری توصیفی مانند دسته بندی کردن اطلاعات و تبدیل آنها به جداول فراوانی، تنظیم درصد فراوانی و میانگین و انحراف استاندارد متغیرها استفاده شد. همچنین برای محاسبه سطح زیر منحنی از عملیات انتگرال گیری مورد استفاده قرار گرفت.
نتایج
نتایج نشان داد که برای تعیین آستانه هوازی و بی هوازی می توان از روش مبتنی بر بیشترین فاصله از منحنی عملکرد ضربان قلب و نیز سطح اکسیژن مصرفی و لاکتات خون استفاده کرد. همچنین منحنی عملکرد ضربان قلب برای تعیین دامنه موثر تمرینی، سطح زیر منحنی و سرعت گام برداری معادل آستانه هوازی و بی هوازی موثر می باشد.
نتیجه گیری
بنابراین می­توان نتیجه گرفت با استفاده از مدل منحنی عملکرد ضربان قلب می­توان دامنه اثرگذاری تمرین را تعیین کرد و به عنوان روشی جدید در ارائه برنامه های تمرینی مورد استفاده قرار داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the range of exercise effect based on heart rate performance curve in active young men

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marefat Siahkouhian 1
  • Afshin Rahbarghazi 2
1 Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
 
Introduction: The cardiovascular system is one of the most important parts of exercise design, and the range of effect of exercise can range from the aerobic threshold to the anaerobic threshold.Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of exercise based on the heart rate function curve in active young men.
 
Subjects & Methods:For this purpose, 20 young and active boys with an average age of 20 to 25 years were selected as subjects and performed the helpless test of running on a treadmill. Heart rate and blood lactic acid level equivalent to aerobic and anaerobic thresholds were determined using the Dmax method and lactate measuring device, respectively. Simultaneously with the use of a respiratory gas analysis system, changes in the volume of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured. In this study, to analyze the data, descriptive statistical methods such as categorizing information and converting them into frequency tables, adjusting the frequency and average percentage and standard deviation of variables were used. Integration operations were also used to calculate the area under the curve.
 
Results: The results showed that to determine the aerobic and anaerobic threshold, the method based on the maximum distance from the heart rate function curve as well as the level of oxygen consumption and blood lactate can be used. The heart rate function curve is also effective in determining the effective range of exercise, the area under the curve, and the step speed equivalent to the aerobic and anaerobic thresholds.
 
Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that using the heart rate function curve model, the range of effectiveness of exercise can be determined and used as a new method in presenting exercise programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anaerobic Threshold
  • Aerobic Threshold
  • Oxygen Consumption
  • Lactate
  • Heart Rate
1. Esfarjani F, Laursen PB. Manipulating high-intensity
interval training: effects on V˙ O2max, the lactate
threshold and 3000 m running performance in
moderately trained males. Journal of science and
medicine in sport. 2007 Feb 1;10(1):27-35.
2. Mujika I. The influence of training characteristics and
tapering on the adaptation in highly trained
individuals: a review. International journal of sports
medicine. 1998 Oct;19(07):439-46.
3. Moosavi J, editor The effect of sport on stress of
the personnel of the Azad Universities of district 3
of the country. 2nd International Congress on
Physical Activity and Public Health Amsterdam
The Netherlands ICPAPH; 2008.
4. Deruelle F, Nourry C, Mucci P, Bart F, Grosbois
JM, Lensel G, Fabre C. Optimal exercise intensity
in trained elderly men and women. International
journal of sports medicine. 2007 Jul;28(07):612-6.
5. Ahmaidi S, Masse-Biron J, Adam B, Choquet D,
Freville M, Libert JP, Prefaut C. Effects of interval
training at the ventilatory threshold on clinical and
cardiorespiratory responses in elderly humans.
European journal of applied physiology and
occupational physiology. 1998 Jun;78(2):170-6.
6. Weston SB, Gray AB, Schneider DA, Gass GC.
Effect of ramp slope on ventilation thresholds and
V˙ O2peak in male cyclists. International journal of
sports medicine. 2002 Jan;23(01):22-7.
7. ÖZÇELİK O, Keleştimur H. Effects of aerobic
exercise training on the heart rate-work rate
relationship and estimation of anaerobic threshold
in obese females. Turkish Journal of Medical
Sciences. 2006 Jul 11;36(3):165-70.
8. Fabre N, Balestreri F, Pellegrini B, Schena F. The
modified Dmax method is reliable to predict the
second ventilatory threshold in elite cross-country
skiers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning
Research. 2010 Jun 1;24(6):1546-52.
9. Bodner ME, Rhodes EC. A review of the concept of
the heart rate deflection point. Sports Medicine.
2000 Jul;30(1):31-46.
10. Rogers RK, Reybrouck T, Weymans M, Dumoulin
M, Gewillig M, Vaccaro P. The relationship
between heart rate deflection and ventilatory
threshold in children following heart surgery.
Pediatric Exercise Science. 1995 Aug 1;7(3):263-9.
11. Smith P, Berger N. Lab and field vo2peak testing in
highly trained cyclists. The Journal of Sport and
Exercise Science. 2020 Jan 24;4(1):1-0.
12. Swain DP, Franklin BA. VO2 reserve and the
minimal intensity for improving cardiorespiratory
fitness. Medicine and science in sports and
exercise. 2002;34(1).
13. Gormley SE, Swain DP, High RE, Spina RJ,
Dowling EA, Kotipalli US, Gandrakota RA. Effect
of intensity of aerobic training on V˙ O2max.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2008 Jul
1;40(7):1336-43.
14. Papadimitriou ID, Eynon N, Yan X, Munson F,
Jacques M, Kuang J, Voisin S, North KN, Bishop
DJ. A “human knockout” model to investigate the
influence of the α-actinin-3 protein on exerciseinduced mitochondrial adaptations. Scientific
reports. 2019 Sep 3;9(1):1-4.
15. Pollock ML, Gaesser G, Butcher JD, Després JP,
Dishman RK, Franklin BA, Garber CE. The
recommended quantity and quality of exercise for
developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and
muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults.
Medicine and science in sports and exercise.
1998;30(6):975-91.
16. Carvalho DD, Soares S, Zacca R, Sousa J, Marinho
DA, Silva AJ, Vilas-Boas JP, Fernandes RJ.
Anaerobic threshold biophysical characterisation of
the four swimming techniques. International journal
of sports medicine. 2020 May;41(05):318-27.
17. Weatherald J, Boucly A, Montani D, Jaïs X,
Savale L, Humbert M, Sitbon O, Garcia G,
Laveneziana P. Gas exchange and ventilatory
efficiency during exercise in pulmonary vascular
diseases. Archivos de bronconeumologia. 2020 Sep
1;56(9):578-85.
18. Binder RK, Wonisch M, Corra U, Cohen-Solal A,
Vanhees L, Saner H, Schmid JP. Methodological
approach to the first and second lactate threshold in
incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2008
Dec 1;15(6):726-34.
19. Seiler KS, Kjerland GØ. Quantifying training
intensity distribution in elite endurance athletes: is
there evidence for an “optimal” distribution?.
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in
sports. 2006 Feb;16(1):49-56.
20. Vučetić V, Šentija D, Sporiš G, Trajković N,
Milanović Z. Comparison of ventilation threshold
and heart rate deflection point in fast and standard
treadmill test protocols. Acta Clinica Croatica.
2014 Jul 1;53(2.):190-202.
21. Siahkouhian M, Meamarbashi A. Advanced
methodological approach in determination of the
heart rate deflection point: S. Dmax versus L.
Dmax methods. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2013
Feb 1;53:27-33.
22. Siahkouhian M, Mamashli E, Behbudi Z, Imani
A. A New Mathematical Method for the
Estimation of Aerobic Threshold in Sports
Physiology. Journal of Advanced Sport
Technology. 2018 Jul 1;2(2):28-34.
23. Duncker DJ, Bache RJ. Regulation of coronary
blood flow during exercise. Physiological reviews.
2008 Jul;88(3):1009-86.
24. Nielsen JJ, Mohr M, Klarskov C, Kristensen M,
Krustrup P, Juel C, Bangsbo J. Effects of
high‐intensity intermittent training on potassium
kinetics and performance in human skeletal
muscle. The Journal of physiology. 2004 Feb
1;554(3):857-70.
25. Bangsbo J, Mohr M, Poulsen A, Perez-Gomez J,
Krustrup P. Training and testing the elite athlete. J
Exerc Sci Fit. 2006;4(1):1-4.
26. Skinner JS, Mclellan TH. The transition from
aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Research
quarterly for exercise and sport. 1980 Mar
1;51(1):234-48.