بررسی الگوی همه‌گیرشناسی و جغرافیایی موارد اقدام به خودکشی در شهر مشهد: 1395

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد آمار زیستی، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 مرکز تحقیقات سم‌شناسی پزشکی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 مدیریت حوادث و فوریتهای پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، ایران.

4 گروه توسعه پایدار شهری و منطقه‌ای جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران

5 کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. گروه آمار زیستی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

6 گروه آمار زیستی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: اقدام به خودکشی یکی از مهم‌ترین معضلات بهداشت عمومی است. مطالعه حاضر به بررسی الگوی همه‌گیرشناسی و جغرافیایی اقدام به خودکشی در شهر مشهد در سال 1395 می‌پردازد.
روش کار: در این مطالعه مقطعی اطلاعات پیش بیمارستانی از مرکز اورژانس 115 شهر مشهد و سایر اطلاعات از بخش مدارک پزشکی بیمارستان امام رضا به‌عنوان تنها بیمارستان مرجع جمع‌آوری گردید. در تجزیه‌وتحلیل آماری داده‌ها از روش‌های مرسوم آماری استفاده گردید. به‌منظور بررسى چگونگى توزیع جغرافیایى موارد اقدام به خودکشی از آنالیز مکانى در نرم‌افزار Arc GIS استفاده گردید.
یافته‌ها: در مجموع 2،785 فرد که 7/64% (1801 نفر) آن‌ها را زنان تشکیل می‌دادند اقدام به خودکشی کرده بودند. بیشترین فراوانی اقدام به خودکشی به ترتیب در دو رده سنی 15 الی 24 (799 نفر، 1/39%) و 25 الی 34 سال (720 نفر، 2/35%) بوده است. به‌طورکلی افراد متأهل (1635 نفر، 7/58%)، با سطح سواد متوسطه (821 نفر، 5/29%) و شغل خانه‌دار (1186 نفر، 6/42%) بیشترین درصد اقدام به خودکشی‌ها را به خود اختصاص داده بودند. شایع‌ترین روش اقدام به خودکشی مسمومیت با داروها بود (1736 نفر، 9/84%). توزیع جغرافیایی اقدام به خودکشی‌ها نشان داد که بیشترین میزان اقدام به خودکشی در مناطق شمال شرقی و حاشیه شهر مشهد رخ داده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد میزان بروز اقدام به خودکشی در گروه سنی جوان و در زنان بسیار بالاتر از سایر گروه ها است. از طرفی میزان بروز اقدام به خودکشی در کل افراد و همچنین به تفکیک زنان و مردان در مناطق جغرافیایی مختلف شهر مشهد متفاوت بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The study of epidemiological and geographical pattern of suicide attempt in Mashhad, Iran: 2016

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Taghi Shakeri 1
  • Bita Dadpour 2
  • Reza Vafaeinezhad 3
  • Hossein Aghajani 4
  • Ali Hadianfar 5
  • Razieh Yousefi 5
  • Maryam Amini 6
  • Toktam Akbari Khalaj 6
1 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Department of Clinical Toxicology Imam Reza(p) Hospital, School of Medicine. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Head of Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
4 Department of Sustainable Development Urban and Regional, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR). Khorasan Razavi Organization, Mashhad, Iran.
5 Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
6 Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction:
The suicide attempt is one of the crucial public health dilemmas. The present study investigated the epidemiological and geographical pattern of suicide attempts in Mashhad in 2016.
Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, pre-hospital information of suicide attempts was registered in the disaster and emergency medical management centers (115) of Mashhad, Iran was collected.
 Other information was obtained from the medical records department of Imam Reza Hospital as the only reference hospital for trauma and poisoning in Mashhad. Conventional statistical methods were used in the statistical analysis of data. Spatial analysis was used in Arc GIS software to investigate the geographical distribution of suicide attempts.
Results:
 A total of 2,785 cases of suicide attempts, 64.7% (1801) of whom were women. The highest frequency of suicide attempts was in the age groups of 15 to 24 (N=799, 39.1%) and 25 to 34 years (N=720, 35.2%). In general, married people (N=1635, 58.7%), high school literacy level (N=821, 29.5%), and homemakers (N=1186, 42.6%) had the highest percentage of suicide attempts. The most common method of suicide was drug poisoning (N=1736 84.9%). The geographical distribution of suicide attempts showed that the highest suicide attempts were reported in the northeastern and suburbs of Mashhad.
Conclusion:
The present study results showed that suicide attempts in young age groups and women are very serious. On the other hand, the incidence of suicide attempts was different in all individuals and also separately for men and women in different geographical areas of Mashhad.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Suicide attempt
  • Geographic Information Systems
  • Poisoning
  • Epidemiology

مراجع

  1. Nazarzadeh M, Bidel Z, Ranjbaran M, Hemmati R,
    Pejhan A, Asadollahi K, Sayehmiri K. Fatal suicide
    and modelling its risk factors in a prevalent area of
    Iran. Archives of Iranian medicine. 2016 Aug
    1;19(8):0-.
    2. W.H.O. Suicide. Fact sheet N°398. September
    2014.from
    URL:http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs
    398/en/. Accessed 26 Aug 2016.
    3. World Health Organization. Suicide [cited 2018
    May 12]. Available from:
    http://www.emro.who.int/healthtopics/suicide/index.html.
    4. Rostami M, Jalilian A, Ghasemi S, Kamali A.
    Suicide mortality risk in Kermanshah Province, Iran:
    a county-level spatial analysis. Epidemiology,
    Biostatistics and Public Health. 2016 Sep 20;13(3).
  2. 5. Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Zamani N. Suicide in
    Iran: The facts and the figures from nationwide
    reports. Iranian journal of psychiatry. 2017
    Jan;12(1):73.
    6. Hajebi A, Ahmadzad-Asl M, Davoudi F, Ghayyomi
    R. Trend of suicide in Iran during 2009 to 2012:
    Epidemiological evidences from national suicide
    registration. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and
    Behavioral Sciences. 2016;10(4).
    7. Shooshtari MH, Malakouti SK, Panaghi L, Mohseni
    S, Mansouri N, Movaghar AR. Factors associated
    with suicidal attempts in Iran: a systematic review.
    Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral
    sciences. 2016 Mar;10(1).
    8. 8Azizpour Y, Asadollahi K, Sayehmiri K,
    Kaikhavani S, Abangah G. Epidemiological survey
    of intentional poisoning suicide during 1993-2013 in
    Ilam Province, Iran. BMC public health. 2016
    Dec;16(1):1-2.
    9. Mahendra J, Little Mahendra JF, Romanos G.
    Prevelance of periodontopathogenic bacteria in
    subgingival biofilm and atherosclerotic plaques of
    patients undergoing coronary revascularization
    surgery. Journal of Indian Society of
    Periodontology. 2013 Nov;17(6):719.
    10. Shirazi HR, Hosseini M, Zoladl M, Malekzadeh M,
    Momeninejad M, Noorian K, Mansorian MA.
    Suicide in the Islamic Republic of Iran: an integrated
    analysis from 1981 to 2007. EMHJ-Eastern
    Mediterranean Health Journal, 18 (6), 607-613,
    2012. 2012.
    11. Cheung YT, Spittal MJ, Pirkis J, Yip PS. Spatial
    analysis of suicide mortality in Australia:
    investigation of metropolitan-rural-remote
    differentials of suicide risk across states/territories.
    Social science & medicine. 2012 Oct 1;75(8):1460-8.
    12. Congdon P. Assessing the impact of socioeconomic
    variables on small area variations in suicide
    outcomes in England. International journal of
    environmental research and public health. 2013
    Jan;10(1):158-77.
    13. Iemmi V, Bantjes J, Coast E, Channer K, Leone T,
    McDaid D, Palfreyman A, Stephens B, Lund C.
    Suicide and poverty in low-income and middleincome countries: a systematic review. The Lancet
    Psychiatry. 2016 Aug 1;3(8):774-83.
    14. Rezaeian M, Dunn G, St Leger S, Appleby L.
    Geographical epidemiology, spatial analysis and
    geographical information systems: a
    multidisciplinary glossary. Journal of Epidemiology
    & Community Health. 2007 Feb 1;61(2):98-102.
    15. Ghaedamini Asadabadi R, Tofighi S, Ghaedamini
    H, Azizian F, Amerieon A, Shokri M. A review of
    some infectious diseases distribution based on
    geographic information system (GIS) in the area of
    Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari. Journal of Police
    Medicine. 2012 Jul 10;1(2):113-24.
    16. Lawson A, editor. Disease mapping and risk
    assessment for public health. Wiley; 1999.
    17. SCI (2016) Official report of statistical survey of
    population in Mashhad city archived by the
    Statistical Center of Iran. http://www.amar.org.ir.
    Accessed 2016.
    18. Khadem Rezaiyan M, Jarahi L, Moharreri F, Afshari
    R, Motamedalshariati SM, Okhravi N, Khajedaluee
    M. Epidemiology of suicide attempts in Khorasan
    Razavi Province, 2014-2015. Iranian journal of
    epidemiology. 2017 Sep 10;13(2):128-35.
    19. Khajeh E, Hosseinpoor M, Sedigh B, Rezvani Y.
    Image of suicide in Hormozgan province, 2012.
    Hormozgan medical journal. 2014;17(1):61-7.
    20. Aliverdinia A, Rezaee A, Peyrou F. Sociological
    analysis of students' tendency to suicide. Applied
    Sociology. 2011;44(4):1-8.
    21. Sharif-Alhoseini M, Rasouli MR, Saadat S, Haddadi
    M, Gooya MM, Afsari M, Rahimi-Movaghar V.
    Suicide attempts and suicide in Iran: Results of
    national hospital surveillance data. Public health.
    2012 Nov 1;126(11):990-2.
    22. MEMARI A, Ramim T, AMIR MF, KHOSRAVI K,
    Goudarzi Z. Causes of suicide in married women.
    23. Rafiei MO, Seyfi AK. Epidemiologic Study of
    Suicide Attempt Referred to Hospitals of University
    of Medical Sciences in Markazi-Province from 2002
    to 2006. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology. 2009;4(4-
    3):59-69.
    24. Mirahmadizadeh A, Rezaei F, Mokhtari AM,
    Gholamzadeh S, Baseri A. Epidemiology of suicide
    attempts and deaths: a population-based study in
    Fars, Iran (2011–16). Journal of Public Health. 2020
    Feb 28;42(1):e1-1.
    25. Mokhtari AM, Gholamzadeh S, Salari A,
    Hassanipour S, Mirahmadizadeh A. Epidemiology
    of suicide in 10–19 years old in southern Iran, 2011–
    2016: A population-based study on 6720 cases.
    Journal of forensic and legal medicine. 2019 Aug
    1;66:129-33.
    26. Nazarzadeh M, Bidel Z, Ranjbaran M, Hemmati R,
    Pejhan A, Asadollahi K, Sayehmiri K. Fatal suicide
    and modelling its risk factors in a prevalent area of
    Iran. Archives of Iranian medicine. 2016 Aug
    1;19(8):0-.
    27. Vitonis AF, Hankinson SE, Hornstein MD, Missmer
    SA. Adult physical activity and endometriosis risk.
    Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2010
    Jan;21(1):16.
  3. 28. Khadem Rezaiyan M, Afshari R. Epidemiology of
    poisoning in northeast of Iran (2004-2013). Int J
    Med Toxicol Forensic Med. 2017;7:54-8.
    29. Shooshtari MH, Malakouti SK, Panaghi L, Mohseni
    S, Mansouri N, Movaghar AR. Factors associated
    with suicidal attempts in Iran: a systematic review.
    Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral
    sciences. 2016 Mar;10(1).
    30. Shakeri MT, Saffari SE, Dadpour B, Aghajani H,
    Hadianfar A, Afshari R. Geospatial analysis of acute
    poisonings at Mashhad, Iran in 2013. Asia Pacific
    Journal of Medical Toxicology. 2019;8(3):83-9.
    31. Shakeri MT, Afshari R, Aghajani H, Dinmohamadi
    E, Hadianfar A. Study geographical distribution of
    poisoning cases referred to the emergency
    department of Imam-Reza Hospital Mashhad: 2013.
    medical journal of mashhad university of medical
    sciences. 2016;59(3):171-8.
    32. Ghaleiha A, Afzali S, Bazyar M, Khorsand F,
    Torabian S. Characteristics of hospitalized patients
    following suicide attempt in hamadan district, iran.
    Oman medical journal. 2012 Jul;27(4):304.
    33.Janghorbani M, Sharifirad GR. Completed and
    attempted suicide in Ilam, Iran (1995–2002):
    Incidence and associated factors.
    34. Ahmadi A. Suicide by self-immolation:
    comprehensive overview, experiences and
    suggestions. Journal of burn care & research. 2007
    Jan 1;28(1):30-41.
    35. Fakhari A, Samadi Rad B, Akhbari Shoja M, Ulfati
    N. The Role of Social and Health Consequences of
    Migration in Suicide Attempts of Tabriz Suburbs:
    An Exploratory Study in the Grounded Theory.
    Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical
    Sciences and Health Services. 2009;31(2):65-72.
مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
دوره 63، شماره 6
بهمن و اسفند 1399
صفحه 3053-3065

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار