پیش‌بینی بخشش بر اساس ویژگی‌های شخصیتی: نقش میانجیگر عواطف خودآگاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه روانشناسی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران

2 استادیار گروه روانشناسی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، رودهن، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: بخشش، میلی درونی است که افراد را به سوی بازداری از پاسخ های ناخوشایند ارتباطی و رفتارکردن به طور مثبت، نسبت به کسی که به طور منفی با آن ها رفتار کرده است، متمایل می سازد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش میانجی­گری عواطف خودآگاه در رابطه بین ویژگی های شخصیتی با بخشش بود.
روش کار: طرح پژوهش حاضر توصیفی (غیرآزمایشی) از نوع  مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری بود. نمونه پژوهش شامل 411 نفر به شیوه نمونه گیری تصادفی از جمعیت مراجعه کنندگان به خانه های سلامت شهر کرج در تابستان سال 1397 بود. این شرکت کنندگان به پرسشنامه های پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت  (BFI)، سومین نسخه تجدیدنظرشده مقیاس عاطفه خودآگاهی برای بزرگسالان (TOSCA-3) و مقیاس بخشش رای و همکاران (2001) پاسخ دادند.
یافته ها: نتایج مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که گشودگی و توافق پذیری به طور مستقیم بر بخشش اثر مثبت معنی دار داشتند. اثر مستقیم روان رنجورخویی بر بخشش منفی و معنی دار بود. عواطف خودآگاه شرم و گناه بر بخشش اثر منفی و غرور بر بخشش اثر مثبت معنی دار داشت. اثرات غیرمستقیم ویژگی های شخصیت بر بخشش معنی دار بود و این نشان دهنده نقش میانجی گری عواطف خودآگاه است.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان می دهد که بخشش به عنوان یک برونداد رفتاری مثبت، می تواند حاصل تعامل ساختاری ویژگی های شخصیتی و عواطف خودآگاه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigate the mediating role of self-conscious emotions in the relationship between personality traits and forgiveness

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tahereh Golanian 1
  • Hayede Saberi 2
  • Smin Bashardoust 2
1 PhD Student in Psychology, Depatment of psychology, Roudehen branch, Islamic azad university, Roudehen, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor in Depatment of psychology, Roudehen branch, Islamic azad university, Roudehen, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Intrudoction: Forgiveness is an inner desire that leads people to refrain from unpleasant communication responses and to behave positively towards someone who has treated them negatively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-conscious emotions in the relationship between personality traits and forgiveness.
Methods: The design of the present study was a descriptive (non-experimental) type of structural equation modeling. The sample consisted of 411 people who were randomly sampled from Karaj health centers in summer of 1977. The participants responded to the Big Five Personality Inventory (BFI) questionnaire, the third revised version of the Adult Self-Awareness Scale (TOSCA-3), and the Vote et al. (2001).
Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that openness and agreeableness had a direct positive effect on forgiveness. The direct effect of neuroticism on forgiveness was negative and significant. Self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt had a positive effect on forgiveness and pride had a positive effect on forgiveness. The indirect effects of personality traits on forgiveness were significant, indicating the mediating role of conscious emotions.
Conclusion: The results show that forgiveness as a positive behavioral outcome can be a result of the structural interaction of personality traits and self-conscious emotions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forgiveness
  • personality traits
  • and self-conscious emotions
  1. Dugatkin LA. Cooperation in animals: an evolutionary overview. Biology and Philosophy. 2002 Sep;17(4):459-76.
    2. Aureli F, Cords M, Van Schaik CP. Conflict resolution following aggression in gregarious animals: a predictive
    framework. Animal behaviour. 2002 Sep 1;64(3):325-43.
    3. Pickering MJ, Garrod S. An integrated theory of language production and comprehension. Behavioral and brain sciences.
    2013;36(04):329-47.
    4. Freedman, S. R., Enright, R. D. Forgiveness as an intervention goal with incest survivors. J Consulting and Clinical
    Psychology 1996; 64 (1): 510–517.
    5. McCullough, M., E., Fincham, F. D., Tsang, T. Forgiveness, forbearance and time: The temporal unfolding of
    transgression-related interpersonal motivations. J. Personality Social Psychology. 2003; 84(1): 540-557.
    6. Woodyatt, L., Wenzel, M., & de Vel-Palumbo, M. Working through psychological needs following transgressions to arrive
    at self-forgiveness. In Handbook of the psychology of self-forgiveness . (2017) ; pp. 43-58.
    7. Worthington Jr, E. L., Lavelock, C., van Oyen Witvliet, C., Rye, M. S., Tsang, J.-A., & Toussaint, L. Chapter 17 -
    Measures of Forgiveness: Self-Report, Physiological, Chemical, and Behavioral Indicators A2 - Boyle, Gregory J. In D. H.
    Saklofske & G. Matthews (Eds.), Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs.2015;pp. 474-502.
    8. Backus, L. N. Establishing the link between desecration forgiveness and Marital quality during pregnancy. master of art
    dissertation, graduate college of Bowliny green state university;2009.
    9. Sell, A. J. Applying the intentional forgetting process to forgiveness. J Applied Research in Memory and Cognition.
    2016;5(1), 10-20.
    10. Luyten P, Fontaine JR, Corveleyn J. Does the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA) measure maladaptive aspects of
    guilt and adaptive aspects of shame? An empirical investigation. Personality and individual differences. 2002 Dec
    1;33(8):1373-87.
    11. Gilbert, P. (2004). Evolution, attractiveness, and the emergence of shame and guilt in a self-aware mind: A reflection on
    Tracy and Robins. [Commentary]. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 126–170.
    12. Bell, C. M., Davis, D. E., Griffin, B. J., Ashby, J. S., & Rice, K. G. The promotion of self-forgiveness, responsibility, and
    willingness to make reparations through a workbook intervention. The J Positive Psychology. 2017;12(6), 571–578.
  2. 13. Carpenter, T. P., Tignor, S. M., Tsang, J.A., Willett, A. Dispositional self-forgiveness, guilt- and shame-proneness, and the
    roles of motivational tendencies. Personality and Individual Differences, 98(Supplement C. 2016; 53-61.
    14. Stuewig, J., Heigel, C., Harty, L., Mccloskey, L. Shaming blaming and maiming: functional links among the moral
    emotions, externalization of blame and aggression. J Research in Personality.2010; 44, 91-102
    15. Hequembourg, A.L., Dearing, R.L. Exploring shame, guilt, and risky substance use among sexual minority men and
    women. J Homosex, 2013;60(4), 615-638.
    16. Sznycer D, Tooby J, Cosmides L, Porat R, Shalvi S, Halperin E. Shame closely tracks the threat of devaluation by others,
    even across cultures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016 Mar 8;113(10):2625-30.
    17. Khalipur, Arian. Organizational Behavior Management (Individual Behavior). Tehran: Organization for the Study and
    Development of Humanities Textbooks for Universities (Position).2016. [In Persian].
    18. Ajmal, A., Amin, R., & Bajwa, R. S. (2016). Personality Traits as Predictors of Forgiveness and Gratitude. Pakistan
    Journal of Life & Social Sciences, 14(2).
    19. Saatchi, Mahmoud; Kamkar, Kambiz; Asgarian, Mahnaz. Psychological tests. Tehran: Editing publication ;2016.
    20. Sadock, B.J., Sadock, V. A. Ruiz, P. Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Wolters Kluwer ; 2017.
    21. Pouraftari, Negin; Moez, Ruqiyya, Atadakat, Akbar.. The Relationship of Five Fundamental Factors of Personality with
    Students' Self-Righteousness, Forgiveness, and Self-Disclosure. Third Conference of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences,
    Tehran, Farzanegan Iranian Knowledge Development Company.2016.
    22. Pourassemali, Asghar-Birami, Mansour-Hashemi, Toraj. The Relationship between Personality Factors and the
    Components of Forgiveness Among Students. Journal of Thought and Behavior in Clinical Psychology, Vol. 6, No. 23, pp.
    93-83.2015.
    23. Di Domenico, S. I., & Ryan, R. M. Commentary: Primary emotional systems and personality: An evolutionary perspective.
    Frontiers in psychology.2017;8, 1414.
    24. Bastin, C. et al.Feelings of shame, embarrassment andguilt and their neural correlates: A systematic review.
    Neurosci.,Biobehav. Rev.2016; 71, 455–471
    25. John OP, Srivastava S. The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin &
    O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality theory and research.1999; pp. 102–138.
    26. Shukri., h. A Comparison of the Causal Relationship Patterns of Antecedents and Consequences of Academic Stress in
    Male and Female Students in Individualistic and Collective Cultural Paradigms. PhD thesis. Department of Educational
    Psychology, Teacher Training University of Tehran.2010.
    27. Tangney, J. P., Dearing, R. L., Wagner, P. E., Gramazow, R. The Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 (TOSCA-3). George
    Mason University, Fairfax, VA.2000.
    28. Roshan C, R., Perfume F., M., Validation and Reliability of the "Third Revised Version of Adult Self-Awareness Scale"
    (TOSCA-3). Quarterly J Clinical and Personality Psychology.2009; 25, ( 1) pp. 46-31.
    29. Rye, M. S., Loiacono, D. M., Folk, C. D., Olszewski, B. T., Heim, T. A., Madia, B. P. Evaluation of the psychometric
    properties of two forgiveness scales. Current Psychology: Development. Learning Personality.2001; 20(1) 260-277.
    30. Hamidipour, R.,Sanaei Zaker., B.,Nazari, A.,Farahani, . The effect of forgiveness-based group couple therapy on marital
    satisfaction. J Social Psychological Studies in Women.2010 ; 8( 4)pp. 73-49.
    31. Hagh shenas, Hassan Nemati, Saeed. Personality Psychology: Neo Tests, Test of Nature and Character, Personality
    Disorders. Shiraz: Fars University of Medical Sciences Publications,2014.
    32. Ehteshamzadeh, P.,Ahadi, H.,Enayati, M. Developing and validating a scale to measure interpersonal forgiveness. Iranian J
    Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology.2010 ; 16( 4).pp. 45-43.
    33. Muris, P., Meesters, C., & van Asseldonk, M. Shame on me! Self-conscious emotions and Big Five personality traits and
    their relations to anxiety disorders symptoms in young, non-clinical adolescents. Child Psychiatry & Human
    Development.2018 ; 49(2), 268-278.
    34. Peterson, C., Seligman, M. E. P. Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Washington, DC, US:
    American Psychological Association; New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press, 2004.