رهیافتی پدیدارشناسانه به واکنش‌های رفتاری و مقابله‌های پزشکان مبتلا به کووید-19

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه روانشناسی تربیتی و مشاوره دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه مشاوره دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشجوی دکتری مشاوره، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: پزشکان و پرستاران در خط اول مبارزه با  بیماری کووید-19 می­باشند. این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی واکنش­های رفتاری و مقابله­های پزشکان بهبود یافته از بیماری کووید-19 انجام شد.
روش کار: در پژوهش حاضر از شیوه پدیدارشناسی استفاده شد. جامعه این پژوهش شامل کلیه پزشکان بهبودیافته از بیماری کووید-19 در بیمارستان شهید صدوقی یزد در بازه زمانی اسفند 98 تا خرداد 99  بود.  نمونه گیری به صورت هدفمند  انتخاب و از طریق مصاحبه­های عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند و نمونه گیری تا اشباع نظری ادامه پیدا کرد. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از روش کلایزی استفاده شد.
نتایج: تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها منجر به شناسایی 2 مضمون اصلی، 8 مضمون فرعی و 30 مفهوم اولیه گردید. مضمون اصلی نخست «واکنش‌های رفتاری کارآمد» بود. واکنش‌های رفتاری کارآمد شامل مجموعه واکنش­هایی بود که مضمون‌های فرعی 1- خود مدیریتی، 2- رفتارهای حمایت­گرانه، 3- مدیریت روابط، 4- مقابله­های کارآمد هیجان محور و 5- مقابله مساله محور را دربر می‌گرفت. مضمون اصلی دوم «واکنش‌های رفتاری ناکارآمد» بود. واکنش‌های رفتاری ناکارآمد شامل مجموعه واکنش­هایی بود که مضمون‌های فرعی 1- رفتارهای اجتنابی، 2- رفتارهای مرضی و 3- تمرد و کاهلی را شامل می­شد.
نتیجه ­گیری: در مجموع نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که تجربه پزشکان مبتلا به کووید-19 دارای پیامدهای سخت و ناگوار و بعضاً رشد محوری است که در دو محور اصلی واکنش‌های رفتاری کارآمد و و واکنش‌های رفتاری ناکارآمد دسته بندی شد. این مقاله رهیافتی برای ادامه بررسی واکنش­های روان­شناختی و تدوین پروتکل­های مداخلاتی روان­شناختی می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Phenomenological Study of the Behavioral Reactions and Coping of Physicians with Covid-19

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadhasan Asayesh 1
  • Masoud Mohsenalhosseini 2
  • Fahimeh Bahonar 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Master student of family counseling, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Ph.D. Student in Counseling, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Doctors and nurses are at the forefront of the fight against Covid-19 disease. The aim of this study was to identify behavioral reactions and coping physicians' improvements in Covid-19 disease.
Methods: In the present study, the phenomenological method was used. The population of this study included all physicians who recovered from Covid-19 disease in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd between March 2020 and June 2020.Sampling was purposefully selected and studied through in-depth semi-structured interviews and sampling continued until theoretical saturation. Colaizzi method was used to analyze the data.
Results: Data analysis led to the identification of 2 main themes, 8 sub-themes and 30 basic concepts. The first theme was "Effective Behavioral Reactions." Effective behavioral reactions included a set of reactions that included sub-themes: 1- self-management, 2- supportive behaviors, 3- relationship management, 4- effective emotion-based coping, and 5- problem-based coping. The second major theme was "dysfunctional behavioral reactions." Dysfunctional behavioral reactions included a set of reactions that included sub-themes: 1- avoidance behaviors, 2- pathological behaviors, and 3- rebellion and laziness.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that the experience of physicians with Covid-19 has severe and adverse consequences and sometimes growth, which were classified into two main axes of efficient behavioral reactions and dysfunctional behavioral reactions. This article is an approach to continue the study of psychological reactions and the development of psychological intervention protocols.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Behavioral reactions
  • Covid-19 disease
  • physicians
  • phenomenological study
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