بررسی عوامل زمینه ای (جمعیت شناختی، زیستی، خانوادگی، روانی اجتماعی) موثر در بروز نارضایتی جنسیتی در مبتلایان به نارضایتی جنسیتی ارجاع شده به پزشکی قانونی در سال های 1394 تا 1398

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری تخصصی روانشناسی، کارشناس مددکاری اجتماعی دادگستری استان خراسان رضوی (نویسنده مسئول).

2 مهندس نرم افزار کامپیوتر، کارشناس انفورماتیک دادگستری استان خراسان رضوی

3 کارشناس ارشد علوم اجتماعی، عضو مرکز تحقیقات پزشکی قانونی، تهران، ایران، سازمان پزشکی قانونی کشور، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: نارضایتی جنسیتی تمایل قوی و مستمر بیمار برای قرار گرفتن در نقش و وضعیت جنس مقابل است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی عوامل جمعیت شناختی، زیستی، خانوادگی، روانی اجتماعی موثر  در بروز نارضایتی جنسیتی انجام شد.
روش کار: این مطالعه توصیفی از نوع مقطعی در متقاضیان تغییرجنسیت ارجاع شده به سازمان پزشکی قانونی استان خراسان رضوی طی سال های 1398-1394 انجام شد که از میان آنها 238  نفر بصورت نمونه گیری در دسترس در پژوهش شرکت کردند. ابزار گردآوری داده ها، پرسش نامه محقق ساخته همراه با مصاحبه بود. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS 21 و روش های آمار توصیفی (فراوانی و درصد) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.
نتایج: بیشتر متقاضیان تغییرجنسیت زن، مجرد، در رده سنی  22-18 سال، با تحصیلات دیپلم، بیکار، دست غالب راست دست با سابقه خودزنی و مصرف موادمخدر بودند. بیشترین فراوانی در عوامل زیستی مربوط به استرس بارداری، میزان سطح فعالیت در دوران کودکی، سابقه ضربه شدید به جنین و مصرف داروهای هورمونی توسط مادر گزارش شد. در عوامل خانوادگی بیشترین فراوانی مربوط به وضعیت اجتماعی اقتصادی متوسط و ضعیف خانواده، روابط معمولی و سرد والدین با یکدیگر، نقش مشورتی والدین در حوزه تصمیم گیری امور زندگی، رابطه معمولی و سرد والدین با افراد نمونه، فرزند آخر بودن، داشتن حداقل یک خواهر و یک برادر و تولد فرزندی از جنس مخالف قبل از تولد افراد نمونه، تحصیلات و شغل بترتیب دیپلم و آزاد برای پدران و دیپلم و خانه دار برای مادران و سابقه مشکلات روانپزشکی در والدین بود.  در عوامل روانی اجتماعی بیشترین عوامل شامل گوشزد اطرافیان مبنی بر شباهت رفتار و شخصیت به جنسیت مخالف، احساس شبیه بودن به جنس مخالف، رسیدن به هویت واقعی، تقلید رفتارهای جنس مخالف، همبازی و صمیمی شدن با غیرهمجنس، عدم توجه کافی والدین نسبت به انجام بازی های جنس مخالف، ارتباط با والد غیرهمجنس در دوران کودکی، اقدام عملی به قصد خودکشی به خاطر ترنس بودن و آسیب زدن به اندام جنسی اولیه و سایر موارد بود.
نتیجه گیری: براساس یافته های تحقیق می توان امیدوار بود که با آموزش و آگاهی رسانی صریح به خانواده ها و افراد جامعه در خصوص مشکل نارضایتی جنسیتی این قشر از افراد جامعه و نحوه برخورد صحیح با آنها با هدف حمایت خانواده ها از فرزندان مبتلا به نارضایتی جنسیتی و طرد نکردن آنها، حمایت مالی و اجتماعی مناسب سازمان های مربوطه از تراجنسی ها جهت انجام جراحی تغییرجنسیت و درمان های مورد نیاز این قشر از جامعه، در کاهش مشکلات و آسیب های اجتماعی آنان اقدام شایسته صورت پذیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of contextual factors (demographic, biological, familial, psychosocial) affecting the incidence of gender dysphoria in patients with gender dyphoria referring to legal medicine center of Khorasane razavi from 2015 to 2019

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somsye Rrahimi Ahmadabadi 1
  • Zahra Rahimi 2
  • Akram Fotovat 3
1 PhD in Psychology, Social work expert of Khorasan Razavi Justice, Mashhad, Iran.
2 BSc in Computer software engineering, informatics expert Razavi Khorasan Justice. Mashhad, Iran
3 MSc in Social Sciences, Member of Forensic Medicine Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Forensic Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Gender dysphoria is a strong and persistent desire of the patient to be in the role and position of the opposite sex. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the demographic, biological, familial, and psychosocial factors affecting the incidence of gender dysphoria.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among transgender applicants referred to the Forensic Medicine Organization of Khorasan Razavi Province during 2015-2019, of which 238 people participated in the study by available sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with an interview. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and descriptive statistics methods (frequency and percentage).
 Results: Most of the female transgender applicants were single, aged 18-22, with a diploma, unemployed, with the predominant right hand with a history of self-harm and drug use. The highest frequency was reported in biological factors related to pregnancy stress, level of activity in childhood, history of severe trauma to the fetus and use of hormonal drugs by the mother. In family factors, the highest frequency is related to the average and poor socio-economic status of the family, normal and cold relations of parents with each other, parents' advisory role in life decisions, normal and cold relationship of parents with role models, being the last child, having at least one sister And a brother and the birth of a child of the opposite sex before the birth of the sample, education and occupation were respectively diploma and free for fathers and diploma and housewife for mothers and a history of psychiatric problems in parents. In psychosocial factors, most of the factors include reminding others about the similarity of behavior and personality to the opposite sex, feeling similar to the opposite sex, achieving real identity, imitating the opposite sex behaviors, playing and intimacy with heterosexuals, parents' lack of attention to doing Games of the opposite sex, contact with a heterosexual parent as a child, practical suicide attempts for being trans and damaging the primary genitals, and other cases.
Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be hoped that by educating and informing families and individuals in the community about the problem of gender dysphoria of this group of people and how to deal with them properly with the aim of supporting families with children with gender dysphoria and rejection Failure to do so, appropriate financial and social support of transgender organizations to perform gender reassignment surgery and the treatments needed by this segment of society, to take appropriate action to reduce their social problems and harms.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Demographic factors
  • Biological factors
  • Family factors
  • Psychosocial factors
  • Gender dysphoria

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
دوره 65، شماره 1
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1401
صفحه 172-191

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