بررسی رفتارهای پیشگیری کننده از بیماری سالک در سفیران سلامت:کاربرد تئوری شناختی اجتماعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد.مشهد.ایران

2 دانشجوی دکترای آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر سلامت و کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 استادیارآموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد.مشهد.ایران.

4 استادیار آمار زیستی، گروه اپیدمیولوژی و آمار زیستی، دانشکده بهداشت، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد.مشهد.ایران

5 استادیار آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد.مشهد.ایران(نویسنده مسئول)

چکیده

مقدمه: سالک متاثر از عوامل فردی، رفتاری و محیطی است که هنوز ناشناخته است و شناسایی آنها می تواند در کنترل و پیشگیری از بیماری کمک کند. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین تأثیر عوامل شناختی اجتماعی موثر بر رفتارهای پیشگیری کننده از سالک در سفیران سلامت انجام شد.
روش کار: این مطالعه توصیفی– تحلیلی در مناطق روستایی شهر مشهد، در سال1400 انجام شد. 207 نفر از سفیران سلامت با
نمونه گیری تصادفی چند مرحله ای انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات پرسش نامه محقق ساخته بر اساس سازه های تئوری شناختی - اجتماعی بود که روایی و پایایی آن مورد تایید قرار گرفت. تجزیه وتحلیل داده ها پس از جمع آوری، در نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 26 با استفاده از آزمون های من ویتنی، کروسکال والیس و ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن و رگرسیون خطی انجام شد.
نتایج: بر اساس آزمون رگرسـیون خطـی سازه های سازگاری عاطفی، خودکنترلی و خودکارآمدی در غلبه بر موانع پیش بینی کننده های معنی دار رفتار پیشگیری کننده از سالک بودند و توانستند 7/55 درصد از واریانس این رفتار را پیش بینی کنند. سازگاری عاطفی(347/0β=، 001/0>P) قویترین پیش بینی کننده رفتار بود. بعد از آن به ترتیب خودکنترلی (295/0β=، 001/0>P) و خودکارآمدی غلبه بر موانع (158/0β=، 012/0=P) همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری با رفتار داشتند.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به شناسایی عوامل موثر بر ارتقای رفتارهای پیشگیرانه از سالک با استفاده از استراتژی های سازگاری عاطفی، خود کنترلی و خودکارآمدی در غلبه بر موانع می توان مداخلات موثرتری طراحی نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing preventive Behaviors of Leishmaniasis in health Ambassadors: Application of Cognitive-social Theory

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Fakhar 1
  • Monireh Abdollahi 2
  • Mohammad Tajfard 3
  • Jamshid Jamali 4
  • Mehrosadat Mahdiadeh 5
1 Master student of health education and health promotion, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2 PhD Student of Health Education and Health Promotion, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center & Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Social Factors Affecting Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Center for Research on Social Factors Affecting Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
5 Assistant Professor of Health Education and Health Promotion, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (Corresponding Author).
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is affected by individual, behavioral and environmental factors that are still unknown and their identification can help control and prevent the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of social-cognitive factors affecting leishmaniasis prevention behaviors in health ambassadors.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in rural areas of Mashhad in 1400. 207 health ambassadors were selected by multi-stage random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on cognitive-social theory structures whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed and collected in SPSS software version 26 using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficients and linear regression.
Results: Based on linear regression test, the structures of emotional adjustment, self-control and self-efficacy in overcoming obstacles were significant predictors of preventive behavior of seekers and were able to predict 55.7% of the variance of this behavior. Emotional adjustment (β = 0.347, P <0.001) was the strongest predictor of behavior. After that, self-control (β = 0.295, P <0.001) and self-efficacy of overcoming obstacles (β = 0.158, P = 0.012) had a positive and significant correlation with behavior, respectively.
Conclusion: Findings of this study show that interventions to promote leishmaniasis prevention behaviors using emotional adaptation, self-control and self-efficacy strategies can be effective in overcoming barriers. Therefore, designing and implementing programs to promote leprosy-protective behaviors in this group of society is useful for controlling leishmaniasis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cognitive-social Theory
  • Leishmaniasis
  • Health Ambassador

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
دوره 65، شماره 2
خرداد و تیر 1401
صفحه 680-691

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