مقایسه افسردگی و اضطراب بیماران مبتلا به ام اس، دیابت، روماتیسم مفصلی و نارسایی کلیوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه روانشناسی، واحد بروجرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بروجرد، ایران.

2 گروه روان شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه
بیماری مزمن یکی از شایع‎ترین مشکلات در جامعه امروزی است که هزینه‎های درمانی سنگینی را به بار می‎آورد و اثرات منفی بر عملکرد فرد می‎گذارد و مسائل روانشناختی یکی از مهمترین عوامل در تشدید و تداوم مزمن است. این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه افسردگی و اضطراب بیماران مبتلا به ام اس، دیابت، روماتیسم مفصلی و نارسایی کلیوی انجام شد.
روش کار
روش این پژوهش از نوع پس رویدادی و علی مقایسه‎ای بود. از جامعه 568 نفری بیماران مزمن (ام اس، دیابت، روماتیسم مفصلی و نارسایی مزمن کلیوی) مراجعه کننده به مراکز درمانی شهرستان خرم آباد (انجمن بیماران ام اس، مرکز دیابت، مرکز تخصصی روماتولوژی و بیمارستان شهدای عشایر) با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری در دسترس 120 بیمار انتخاب شدند (هر گروه از بیماران ام اس، دیابت، روماتیسم مفصلی و نارسایی مزمن کلیوی شامل 30 نفر بود). روش اجرا بدین ترتیب بود که بعد از هماهنگی با مسئولان مراکز درمانی و بیماران، پرسشنامه افسردگی و اضطراب (لاویبوند و باویبوند، 1995) روی بیماران اجرا شد. برای تحلیل از روش ناپارامتریک کروسکال والیس و یومان-ویتنی با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 21 به تحلیل یافته­ها پرداخته شد.
نتایج
مقادیر به دست آمده برای آماره Z مربوط به مقایسه افسردگی بیماران دیابتی با سایر بیماران معنی­دار است.همچنین تفاوت بین بیماران نارسایی کلیوی و ام اس در افسردگی معنی­دار است (005/0≥p). بدین ترتیب وضعیت افسردگی بیماران روماتیسم مفصلی و نارسایی کلیوی از بقیه بیماران بالاتر است سپس بیماران ام اس و دیابت در رتبه­های بعدی قرار دارند. مقایسه اضطراب نیز نشان می­دهد که بیماران نارسایی کلیوی، روماتیسم، ام و اس و دیابت به ترتیب بالاترین اضطراب را دارند.
نتیجه‌گیری
در کنار مداخلات پزشکی، پیشنهاد می­شود با مداخلات روانشناختی و آموزش مهارت­های زندگی، به سلامت روان و کاهش افسردگی و اضطراب بیماران مزمن توجه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of depression and anxiety in patients with MS, diabetes, rheumatism, and renal failure

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Darvishi Bodagh 1
  • Hasanali Veiskarami 2
1 Department of Psychology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran.
2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Chronic disease is one of the most common problems in today's society, which incurs heavy treatment costs and has negative effects on a person's performance, and psychological issues are one of the most important factors in chronic exacerbation and continuation. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing depression and anxiety in patients with MS, diabetes, rheumatism, and renal failure.
Method: The method of this research was post-event and causal comparative. From the community of 568 chronic patients (MS, diabetes, rheumatism and chronic renal failure) referring to the treatment centers of Khorram Abad city (MS patient’s association, diabetes center, rheumatology specialized center and Shahadai Ashair hospital) using sample method. 120 patients were selected (each group of patients with MS, diabetes, rheumatism, and chronic renal failure included 30 people). The implementation method was as follows, after coordinating with the officials of the medical centers and the patients, the depression and anxiety questionnaire (Lavibond and Bavibond, 1995) was implemented on the patients. For the analysis, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Yeoman-Whitney methods were used to analyze the findings using SPSS version 21 software.
Results: The values obtained for the Z statistic related to the comparison of depression of diabetic patients with other patients are significant. Also, the difference between renal failure and MS patients in depression is significant (p≤0.005). Thus, the depression status of patients with rheumatism and renal failure is higher than other patients, then MS and diabetes patients are in the next ranks. The comparison of anxiety also shows that patients with renal failure, rheumatism, MS and diabetes have the highest anxiety respectively.
Conclusion: In addition to medical interventions, it is suggested to pay attention to mental health and reduce depression and anxiety of chronic patients with psychological interventions and life skills training.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • chronic disease
  • depression
  • anxiety
1. Sharma A, Kudesia P, Shi Q, Gandhi R. Anxiety and depression in patients with osteoarthritis: impact and
management challenges. Open access rheumatology: research and reviews. 2016 Oct 31:103-13.
2. Goh ZS, Griva K. Anxiety and depression in patients with end-stage renal disease: impact and management
challenges–a narrative review. International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease. 2018 Mar 12:93-
102.
3. Byrne G, Rosenfeld G, Leung Y, Qian H, Raudzus J, Nunez C, Bressler B. Prevalence of anxiety and depression
in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2017 Oct
18;2017.
4. Mehdikhani M, Hassanzadeh R, Ghanadzadegan H. Comparison of the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based
Stress Reduction and Relaxation on Distress Tolerance in females with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Rooyesh 2021;
10 (4) :13-24
5. Smeltzer SC, Bare BG, Hinkle JL, Cheever KH, Townsend MC, Gould B. Brunner and Suddarth’s textbook of
medicalsurgical nursing 10th edition. Philadelphia: Lipincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.
6. Walton C, King R, Rechtman L, Kaye W, Leray E, Marrie RA, Robertson N, La Rocca N, Uitdehaag B, van Der
Mei I, Wallin M. Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the Atlas of MS. Multiple
Sclerosis Journal. 2020 Dec;26(14):1816-21.
7. Evangelou N, Garjani A, Hunter R, Tuite-Dalton KA, Craig EM, Rodgers WJ, Coles A, Dobson R, Duddy M,
Ford DV, Hughes S. Self-diagnosed COVID-19 in people with multiple sclerosis: a community-based cohort of
the UK MS Register. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2021 Jan 1;92(1):107-9.
8. American Diabetes Association. 7. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of
Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes care. 2018 Jan;41(Suppl 1):S65.
9. Deacon CF. Peptide degradation and the role of DPP-4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Peptides.
2018 Feb 1;100:150-7.
10. Atlas D. International diabetes federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 7th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International
Diabetes Federation. 2015.
11. Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes
research and clinical practice. 2010 Jan 1;87(1):4-14.
12. Tesfaye S, Selvarajah D. Advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of diabetic peripheral
neuropathy. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews. 2012 Feb; 28:8-14.
13. Dupuis J, Langenberg C, Prokopenko I, Saxena R, Soranzo N, Jackson AU, Wheeler E, Glazer NL, BouatiaNaji N, Gloyn AL, Lindgren CM. New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact
on type 2 diabetes risk. Nature genetics. 2010 Feb;42(2):105.
14. Xu Y, Zhao Z, Li X, Bi Y, Xu M, Ning G. Relationships between C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and
insulin resistance in a Chinese population. Endocrine. 2011 Apr 1;39(2):175-81.
15. Radu AF, Bungau SG. Management of rheumatoid arthritis: an overview. Cells. 2021 Oct 23;10(11):2857.
16. Smesam HN, Qazmooz HA, Khayoon SQ, Almulla AF, Al-Hakeim HK, Maes M. Pathway phenotypes
underpinning depression, anxiety, and chronic fatigue symptoms due to acute rheumatoid arthritis: a precision
nomothetic psychiatry analysis. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022 Mar 16;12(3):476.
17. Abid rahmani A, Ghorbanshiroudi S, Kalatbari J, Hajiabbasi A. Survey of Depression and Anxiety in Patients
with Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Guil Uni Med Sci 2013; 22 (85) :15-22
18. Neal Robert, W. (2009). Psychosocial Management of Rheumatic Diseases. Gray S Firestein, Ralph C Budd,
Edward D Harris, Iain B McInnes, Shaun Ruddy, John S Sergent. Kelley's Text book of Rheumatology. 8th
Edition. Philadelphia, 999-1007.
19. Dehbashi F, Sabzevari S, Tirgari B. [The relationship between spiritual well-being and hope in hemodialysis
patients referring to the Khatam Anbiya hospital in Zahedan 2013-2014]. Med Ethics J. 2015;9(30):77-96.
20. Khoshkhatti N, Amiri majd M, Yazdinezhad A, Bazzazian S. Effectiveness of "Virtual Reality Therapy
compound with Aromatherapy" on the Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression and Stress in Renal Patients under
Hemodialysis. JHPM 2019; 8 (2) :31-40
21. Conversano C. Common psychological factors in chronic diseases. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019 Dec
6;10:2727.
22. Sambasivam R, Liu J, Vaingankar JA, Ong HL, Tan ME, Fauziana R, Picco L, Chong SA, Subramaniam M.
The hidden patient: chronic physical morbidity, psychological distress, and quality of life in caregivers of older
adults. Psychogeriatrics. 2019 Jan;19(1):65-72.
23. Nematolahi S. Effect of a Quality of Life Education Program on Psychological Well-being and Adherence to
Treatment of Diabetic Patients. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery. 2021 Dec 10;31(1):61-7.
24. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety
stress Scale (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther 1995; 33(3): 335-43
25. Antony MM, Bieling PJ, Cox BJ, Enns MW, Swinton RP. Psychometric properties of the 42- item and 21-item
version of the depression anxiety stress scale in clinical group and a community sample. Psychol Assess 1998;
2: 176-81
26. Samani S, Jokar B. Reliability and validity of depression, anxiety, and stress scale-DASS. J Soc Sci Mumanistics
2007; 26(3): 65-75.
27. Köhler S, Chrysanthou S, Guhn A, Sterzer P. Differences between chronic and nonchronic depression:
systematic review and implications for treatment. Depression and anxiety. 2019 Jan;36(1):18-30.
28. Boersma K, Södermark M, Hesser H, Flink IK, Gerdle B, Linton SJ. Efficacy of a transdiagnostic emotion–
focused exposure treatment for chronic pain patients with comorbid anxiety and depression: a randomized
controlled trial. Pain. 2019 Aug;160(8):1708.
29. Anand P, Bhurji N, Williams N, Desai N. Comparison of PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 as screening tools for depression
and school related stress in inner city adolescents. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health. 2021
Oct;12:21501327211053750.
30. Ghadimi Karahroudi S, Sepehrian Azar F. Comparison of health anxiety, sleep and life quality in people with
and without chronic pain. Anesthesiology and Pain. 2020 Jan 10;10(4):63-76.
31. Yue T, Li Q, Wang R, Liu Z, Guo M, Bai F, Zhang Z, Wang W, Cheng Y, Wang H. Comparison of Hospital
Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale (SAS/SDS) in
evaluating anxiety and depression in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Dermatology. 2020;236(2):170-8.