1- Lockhart SR, Diekemas DJ, Pfaller MA. The epidemiology of fungal infections. In: Anaissie EJ, McGinnis MR,
Pfaller MA. Clinical Mycology. 2nd ed. Churchill-Livingstone, Elsevier; 2009.p.1-14.
2- Shoham S, Marwaha S. Invasive Fungal Infections in the ICU. J Intensive Care Med 2010; 25:78-92.
3- Zilberberg M, Andrew F. Fungal infections in the ICU. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2009; 23:625–642.
4- Pfaller M, Diekema D. Epidemiology of invasive mycoses in North America. Crit Rev Microbiol 2010; 36:1–53.
5- Wisplinghof H, Bischof T, Tallent SM, Seifert H, Wenzel R, Edmond MB. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in
US hospitals: analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:309–
317.
6- Pappas PG. Invasive candidiasis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2006; 20:485-506.
7- Bliss JM, Basavegowda KP, Watson WJ, Sheikh AU, Ryan RM. Vertical and horizontal transmission of Candida
albicans in very low birth weight infants using DNA fingerprinting techniques. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008; 27:231-235.
8- Polderman KH, Girbes J. Central venous catheter use, part 2: infectious complications. Intensive Care Med 2002;
28:18–28.
9- Rolston KV. The spectrum of pulmonary infections in cancer patients. Curr Opin Oncol 2001; 13:218-223.
10- Randhawa HS. Respiratory and systemic mycoses: an overview. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2000; 42:207-219.
11- Koenraad H, Vandewoud E. Aspergillosis in the ICU -The new 21st century problem? Med Mycol 2006; 44:71-76.
12- Ascioglu S, Rex JH, dePauw B. Defining opportunistic invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients
with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplants: an international consensus. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34:7–14.
13- Warris A, Verweij PE. Clinical implications of environmental sources for Aspergillus. Med Mycol 2005; 43:59–65.
14- Meersseman W, Vandecasteele SJ, Wilmer A, Verbeken E, Peetermans WE. Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill
patients without malignancy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:621–625.
15- Meersseman W, Lagrou K, Johan M. Invasive Aspergillosis in the Intensive Care Unit Aspergillosis in the ICU.
Intensive Care Med 2007; 45:205-215.
16- Bulpa PA, Dive AM, Garrino MG, Delos MA, Gonzalez MR, Evrard PA, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: benefits of intensive care? Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:59–67.
17- Vandewoude K, Colardyn F, Verschraegen G. Clinical relevance of positive Aspergillus cultures in respiratory tract
secretions in ICU patients. Critical Care 2005; 10:2-10.
18- Leroy O, Gangneux JP, Montravers P, Mira JP, Gouin F, Sollet JP, et al. AmarCand Study Group. Epidemiology,
management, and risk factors for death of invasive Candida infections in critical care: a multicenter, prospective,
observational study in France (2005-2006). Crit Care Med 2009; 37:1612-1618.
19- Debasis B, Sonal A, Girish S, Jagdish. Fungal colonization in patients with chronic respiratory diseases from
Himalayan region of India. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2010; 9:28-35.
20- Keith P, Marin K, Michael D. Culturing bronchial washings obtained during bronchoscopy fails to add diagnostic
utility to culturing the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid alone. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2002; 43:99–105.
21- Park SY, Kim SH, Choi SH, Sung H, Kim MN, Woo JH, et al. Clinical and radiological features of invasive
pulmonary aspergillosis in transplant recipients and neutropenic patients. Transpl Infect Dis 2010; 135:15-25.
22- Tarrand JJ, Lichterfeld M, Warraich I, Luna M, Han XY, May GS, et al. Diagnosis of invasive septate mold
infections: a correlation of microbiological culture and histologic or cytologic examination. Am J Clin Pathol 2003;
119:854–858.
23- Vandewoude KH, Blot SI, Benoit D, Colardyn F, Vogelaers D. Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients:
attributable mortality and excesses in length of ICU stay and ventilator dependence. J Hosp Infect 2004; 56:269–276.
24- Meersseman W, Lagrou K, Wilmer A, Johan M. Galactomannan in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid A Tool for
Diagnosing Aspergillosis in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177:27-34.
25- Clancy C, Jaber R, Leather H, Wingard J. Bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan in the diagnosis of invasive
pulmonary aspergillosis among solid organ transplant recipients. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:1759-1763.
26- Garnacho MJ, Amaya VR, Ortiz LC, Leon C, Alvarez LF, Nolla SJ, et al. Isolation of Aspergillus spp. from the
respiratory tract in critically ill patients: risk factors, clinical presentation and outcome. Critical Care 2005; 9:191–199.
27- Maertens J, Theunissen K, Lodewyck T, Lagrou K. Advances in the serological diagnosis of invasive Aspergillus
infections in patients with haematological disorders. Mycoses 2007; 50:2–17.
30. Hope WW, Walsh TJ, Denning DW. Laboratory diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5:609-
622.
28- Hedayati MT, Mayahi S, Movahedi M, Shokohi T. A Study on fungal flora of tap water as a potential reservoir of
fungi in hospitals from Sari city, Iran. J Mycol Méd (In press).
29- Hedayati MT, Bahoosh M, Kasiri A, Ghasemi M, Motahhari J, Pormosa R. Prevalence of fungal rhinosinusitis
among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis from Iran. J Mycol Méd 2010; 20:298-303.
30- Badiee P, Kordbacheh P, Alborzi A, Ramzi M, Shakiba E. Molecular detection of invasive aspergillosis in
hematologic malignancies. Infection 2008; 36:580-584.
31- Badiee P, Kordbacheh P, Alborzi A, Malekhoseini S, Ramzi M, Mirhendi H, et al. Study on invasive fungal
infections in immunocompromised patients to present a suitable early diagnostic procedure. Int J Infect Dis 2009; 13:
97-102.
)