مقایسه‌ اثربخشی حساسیت‌زدایی منظم و حساسیت‌زدایی پویشی بر اضطراب کلی و اضطراب امتحان دانش‌آموزان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی پسادکتری پزشکی روان‌تنی و روان‌درمانی، دانشگاه فرایبورگ آلمان/ علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی عمومی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی سلامت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تربت‌جام، تربت‌جام، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه:مطالعه حاضر با هدف مقایسه­ اثربخشی حساسیت‌زدایی منظم و حساسیت‌زدایی پویشی بر اضطراب‌کلی و اضطراب امتحان دانش‌آموزان انجام گرفت.
روش‌کار: پژوهش شبه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل و جامعه آماری کلیه دانش‌آموزان مقطع متوسطه اول مراجعه کننده به یک کلینیک خصوصی روان‌شناسی شهر مشهد در نیمه اول سال 98 (مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب‌کلی با همبودی اختلال اضطراب امتحان) بودند که با استفاده از فرمول آماری کوکران، 20 نفر با روش حساسیت‌زدایی منظم و 20 نفر با روش حساسیت‌زدایی پویشی و 20 نفر در گروه کنترل به صورت تصادفی قرار گرفتند. درمان طی 11 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای، هفتگی و به صورت فردی برای کلیه افراد (بجز گروه کنترل) توسط نویسنده اول اجرا گردید (به همراه پیگیری 8 ماهه). ابزارهای اندازه‌گیری شامل پرسش‌نامه اضطراب بک و اضطراب امتحان ساراسون بود. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها نیز با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS-23 صورت پذیرفت.
نتایج: تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیری نشان داد که هر دو روش در بهبود اضطراب امتحان در مرحله پس‌آزمون و پیگیری (8 ماهه) مؤثر بوده‌اند (001/0p <) و همچنین بین دو گروه آزمایش در نمرات پس‌آزمون و پیگیری (8 ماهه) اضطراب امتحان تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد(05/0p>). همچنین نتایج نشان داد که روش حساسیت‌زدایی پویشی توانسته است اضطراب‌کلی را در بین آزمودنی‌ها به طور معنی‌داری بهبود بخشد (001/0p <)، اما بین دو گروه حساسیت‌زدایی منظم و گروه کنترل در نمرات پس‌آزمون و پیگیری (8 ماهه) اضطراب کلی، تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد (05/0p>).
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری:حساسیت‌زدایی پویشی روشی مؤثر و نوین برای بهبود اختلال اضطراب‌کلی با و بدون همبودی اضطراب امتحان می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparing the Efficacy of Systematic Desensitization and expressive Desensitization on Generalized Anxiety Disorder and exam Anxiety among Students

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mozhgan badiee aval 1
  • batoul bahrami 2
  • mitra rafiee shafigh 3
1 Postdoc Student in psychosomatic medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Germany / Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2 M.A. in general Psychology, medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
3 PhD student in Health Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e- Jam Branch, Torbat-e- Jam, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of systematic desensitization and expressive desensitization on general anxiety and exam anxiety in students.
Material and Methods:The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and the statistical population was all high school students referred to a private psychology clinic in Mashhad in the first half of 2020 (suffering from generalized anxiety disorder with comorbid exam anxiety disorder) using the Cochran statistical formula 20 people with systematic desensitization method and 20 people with expressive desensitization method and 20 people in the control group were randomly assigned. The treatment was performed in 11 sessions of 90 minutes, weekly and individually for all individuals (except the control group) by the first author (with 8-month follow-up). Measurement tools included the Beck-II Anxiety and the Sarason exam Anxiety Questionnaires. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS-23 software.
Results:Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that systematic desensitization and expressive desensitization methods were effective in improving exam anxiety in the post-test and follow-up phase (8 months) (p <0.001) and also between the two experimental groups in post-test and follow-up scores (8 months) exam anxiety did not show a significant difference (p> 0.05). The results also showed that the expressive desensitization method significantly improved the general anxiety among subjects (p <0.001), but there was not observed a significant difference between the two groups of systematic desensitization and control group in the post-test and follow-up scores (8 months) (p <0.05).
Conclusion: expressive desensitization is an effective and new way to improve general anxiety disorder with and without correlation of exam anxiety.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • General Anxiety
  • Exam Anxiety
  • systematic desensitization
  • expressive desensitization

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
دوره 64، شماره 1
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1400
صفحه 2265-2276

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