تأثیر حاد مصرف مکمل کافئین و ال‌کارنیتین بر هزینه سوخت و سازی و اکسایش سوبسترا هنگام و پس از فعالیت تناوبی شدید در دانشجویان پسر فعال

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

2 استادیار فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران(نویسنده مسئول)

3 استاد فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه
با توجه به نقش فعالیت تناوبی سرعتی و مصرف مکمل­های حاوی ترکیبات فعال زیستی در بهبود سوخت و ساز، هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی اثر حاد مصرف مکمل­های کافئین، ال­کارنیتین، کافئین-ال­کارنیتین (ترکیبی) بر روی هزینه سوخت وسازی و اکسایش سوبسترا هنگام و پس از فعالیت تناوبی سرعتی بود.
روش کار: 10 دانشجوی پسر فعال در طرح متقاطع دو سوکور تصادفی در چهار حالت مصرف: - دارونما (3 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم گلوکز و فروکتوز)؛ - کافئین (6 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم)؛ - ال­کارنیتین (13 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم)؛ و - ترکیبی (به ترتیب 6 و 13 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم) قرار گرفتند. در 4 حالت، آزمودنی­ها یک ساعت پس از مصرف مکمل به فعالیت ورزشی (چهار آزمون وینگیت 30­ ثانیه (بار کاری 75 گرم/کیلوگرم) با استراحت 5 دقیقه) پرداختند. گازهای تنفسی آزمودنی­ها قبل، هنگام و 30 دقیقه بعد از فعالیت، جهت محاسبه هزینه سوخت و سازی (هزینه انرژی، اکسیژن مصرفی) و اکسایش سوبسترا (نسبت تبادل تنفسی (RER)، میزان مصرف چربی) تجزیه و تحلیل شد. تحلیل آماری با آزمون آنوای یک طرفه انجام شد.
نتایج: براساس نتایج، اختلاف میانگین پس آزمون-پیش آزمون فقط در RER (048/0=P)، میزان مصرف چربی (036/0=P) و ضربان قلب (04/0=P) تفاوت معنی­داری را نشان داد. بعلاوه، مصرف کافئین در مقایسه با ال-کارنیتین (015/0P=) و دارونما (042/0P=) با کاهش معنی­دار RER در دوره ریکاوری همراه بود. همچنین، مصرف کافئین در مقایسه با ال-کارنیتین (008/0P=)، مکمل ترکیبی (037/0P=) و دارونما  (032/0P=) باعث افزایش معنی­دار مصرف چربی در دوره ریکاوری شد. بنابراین استفاده از این دوز مصرفی کافئین همراه با فعالیت تناوبی سرعتی به افرادی توصیه می­شود که به دنبال کاهش یا مدیریت وزن می­باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Acute effect of Caffeine and L-carnitine Supplement Administration on Metabolic Rate and Substrate Oxidation during and after high intensity intermittent exercise in active male students

نویسندگان [English]

  • Pooriya Soofinezhad 1
  • mohsen Mohammadnia Ahmadi 2
  • Mohammad Esmaeil Afzalpour 3
  • Seyede Fatemeh Rezaeian 4
1 MSc in Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Physiology of Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
3 Professor of Physiology of Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
4 MSc in Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
High-Intensity intermittent exercise upon taking supplements containing bioactive compounds result in improving metabolism and fat oxidation .Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of caffeine, L-carnitine, caffeine-L-carnitine (combined) supplements on metabolic rate and substrate oxidation during and after high-Intensity intermittent exercise.
Material and Method
For this purpose, 10 male active students in a randomized double-blind crossover design in four modes of use: - Placebo (3 mg/kg. BW glucose and fructose); Caffeine (6 mg1/kg.BW); - L-carnitine (13 mg/kg. BW); and - caffeine-L-carnitine (6 and 13 mg/kg. BW, respectively.) In each of the four conditions, the subjects engaged in exercise (performing four 30-second Wingate tests (75 g/kg.BW) with a 5-minute rest interval) one hour after supplementation. Respiratory gases were measured before, during and 30 minutes after exercise and were analyzed to calculate metabolic rate (energy expenditure and oxygen consumption) and substrate oxidation (Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) and Fat oxidation). One-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis.
Results
The delta between the post-pre-test show significant change only in RER (P=0.048), Substrate oxidation (P=0.036) and heart rate (P=0.04). In addition, caffeine consumption was associated with a significant decrease in RER during the recovery period compared to L-carnitine (P=0.015) and placebo (P=0.042). Also, caffeine consumption in comparison with L-carnitine (P=0.008), combined supplement (P=0.037) and placebo (P=0.032) significantly increased Substrate oxidation in the recovery period. Conclusion
Therefore, it is recommended to participants who are looking to offer weight loss or management do high-intensity intermittent exercise upon taking caffeine.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Caffeine supplement
  • L-carnitine supplement
  • Fat oxidation
  • Respiratory Exchange Ratio
  • Energy Expenditure
  1. 1. Barrera EL, Miljkovic D. The link between the two epidemics provides an opportunity to remedy obesity while dealing with Covid-19. Journal of Policy Modeling. 2022.
  2. Boutcher SH. High-intensity intermittent exercise and fat loss. Journal of obesity. 2011;2011
  3. Bogdanis GC, Mastorakos G, Tsirigkakis S, Stavrinou PS, Kabasakalis A, Mantzou A, et al. Bout duration in high-intensity interval exercise modifies hematologic, metabolic and antioxidant responses. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness. 2022.
  4. 4. Draper N, Hodgson C. Adventure sport physiology: John Wiley & Sons; 2008.
  5. 5. Whyte LJ, Ferguson C, Wilson J, Scott RA, Gill JM. Effects of single bout of very high-intensity exercise on metabolic health biomarkers in overweight/obese sedentary men. Metabolism. 2013;62(2):212-9.
  6. 6. Bracken RM, Linnane DM, Brooks S. Plasma catecholamine and nephrine responses to brief intermittent maximal intensity exercise. Amino acids. 2009;36(2):209-17.
  7. Bartlett JD, Close GL, MacLaren DP, Gregson W, Drust B, Morton JP. High-intensity interval running is perceived to be more enjoyable than moderate-intensity continuous exercise: implications for exercise adherence. Journal of sports sciences. 2011;29(6):547-53.
  8. 8. Jo E, Lewis KL, Higuera D, Hernandez J, Osmond AD, Directo DJ, et al. Dietary caffeine and polyphenol supplementation enhances overall metabolic rate and lipid oxidation at rest and after a bout of sprint interval exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2016;30(7):1871-9.
  9. 9. Grgic J, Grgic I, Pickering C, Schoenfeld BJ, Bishop DJ, Pedisic Z. Wake up and smell the coffee: caffeine supplementation and exercise performance—an umbrella review of 21 published meta-analyses. British journal of sports medicine. 2020;54(11):681-8.
  10. 10. Kim J, Park J, Lim K. Nutrition supplements to stimulate lipolysis: a review in relation to endurance exercise capacity. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology. 2016;62(3):141-61.
  11. 11. Peker I, Gören Z, Çiloglu F, Karacabey K, Ozmerdivenli R, Saygın Ö. Effects of caffeine on exercise performance, lactate, ffa, triglycerides, prolactin, cortisol and amylase in maximal aerobic exercise. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 2005;19(2):168-74.
  12. 12. Villani RG, Gannon J, Self M, Rich PA. L-Carnitine supplementation combined with aerobic training does not promote weight loss in moderately obese women. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2000;10(2):199-207.
  13. 13. Jeukendrup A, Randell R. Fat burners: nutrition supplements that increase fat metabolism. Obesity reviews. 2011;12(10):841-51.
  14. 14. Leelarungrayub J, Pinkaew D, Klaphajone J, Eungpinichpong W, Bloomer RJ. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on metabolic utilization of oxygen and lipid profile among trained and untrained Asian J Sports Med. 2017;8(1):e38707.
  15. 15. Malatesta D, Werlen C, Bulfaro S, CheneviERe X, Borrani F. Effect of high-intensity interval exercise on lipid oxidation during postexercise recovery. Medicine+ Science in Sports+ Exercise. 2009;41(2):364.
  16. 16. Rudelle S, Ferruzzi MG, Cristiani I, Moulin J, Macé K, Acheson KJ, et al. Effect of a thermogenic beverage on 24‐hour energy metabolism in humans. Obesity. 2007;15(2):349-55.
  17. 17. Murosaki S, Lee TR, Muroyama K, Shin ES, Cho SY, Yamamoto Y, et al. A combination of caffeine, arginine, soy isoflavones, and L-carnitine enhances both lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 and HepG2 cells in vitro and in KK mice in vivo. The Journal of nutrition. 2007;137(10):2252-7.
  18. 18. Haghighi AH, Adyalbaf Moghaddam R, Hamedi Nia MR. The effect of caffeine consumption on substrate metabolism and time to exhaustion during exercise and one hour after exercise in athletic female. Journal of Sport Biosciences. 2015;7(1):11-29. (In Persian)
  19. 19. Damirchi A, RAHMANINIA F, MIRZAEI B, HASANNIA S, EBRAHIMI M. Effect of caffeine on blood pressure during exercise and at rest in overweight men. 2009. (In Persian)
  20. 20. Decombaz J, Reffet B, Bloemhard Y. L-Carnitine supplementation, caffeine and fuel oxidation in the exercising rat. Nutrition Research. 1987; 7(9). 923-33.
  21. 21. Yu J, Lim J-H, Seo S-W, Lee D, Hong J, Kim J, et al. Effects of Caffeine Intake on Cardiopulmonary Variables and QT Interval after a Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BioMed Research 2022;2022.
  22. 22. Hill A, Lupton H. Muscular exercise, lactic acid, and the supply and utilization of oxygen. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 1923(62):135-71.
  23. 23. Kashef M, Shabani M. Relationship of serum lactate and glucose with oxygen saturation, heart rate and VO2max in response to L-carnitine during exhaustive exercise in active young men. Feyz Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. 2017;21(4):345-51. (In Persian)
  24. 24. Stuessi C, Hofer P, Meier C, Boutellier U. L-Carnitine and the recovery from exhaustive endurance exercise: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. European journal of applied physiology. 2005;95(5):431-5.
  25. 25. Arazi H, Rahmaninia F, Azali K, Mehrtash M. The effect of acute L-Carnitine supplementation on the blood lactate, glucose, VO 2max and power in trained men: a brief report. Tehran University Medical Journal. 2013;711. (In Persian)
  26. 26. Sari-Sarraf V, Amirsasan R, Iranpour A. Comparison of acute ingestion of carbohydrate and L-carnitine supplementation on exhaustion time and heart rate variability during recovery from graded exercise in male college athletes. Metabolism and Exercise. 2014;4(1):59-68.
  27. 27. Hulston CJ, Jeukendrup AE. Substrate metabolism and exercise performance with caffeine and carbohydrate intake. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2008;40(12):2096-104.
  28. 28. Schubert MM, Hall S, Leveritt M, Grant G, Sabapathy S, Desbrow B. Caffeine consumption around an exercise bout: effects on energy expenditure, energy intake, and exercise enjoyment. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2014.
  29. 29. Eroglu H, Senel O, Guzel NA. Effects of acute L-carnitine intake on metabolic and blood lactate levels of elite badminton players. Neuroendocrinology Letters. 2008;29(2):261-6.
  30. 30. Hovanloo F, KARIMNIA SV, Bassami M, Mirmiran P, Kolahdozi S. The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on carbohydrate and fat metabolism after resistance exercise. 2012. (In Persian)
  31. 31. Burrus BM, Moscicki BM, Matthews TD, Paolone VJ. The effect of acute l-carnitine and carbohydrate intake on cycling performance. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2018;11(2):404.
  32. 32. Eizadi M, Nazem F, Zarifyan A, Eghdami A, Khorshidi D. The effect of chronic intake of L-carnitine L-tartrate on lipid metabolism during aerobic exercise. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. 2010. (In Persian)
  33. 33. Shirali S, Hosseini SA, Ashtary-Larky D, Daneghian M, Mirlohi M-S. Effect of caffeine co-ingested with carnitine on weight, body-fat percent, serum leptin and lipid profile changes in male teen soccer players: A randomized clinical trial. International journal of pediatrics. 2016;4(10):3685-98. (In Persian)
  34. 34. Ryu S, Choi S-K, JoUNG S-S, Suh H, Cha Y-S, Lee S, et al. Caffeine as a lipolytic food component increases endurance performance in rats and athletes. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology. 2001;47(2):139-46.
  35. 35. Hongu N, Sachan DS. Caffeine, carnitine and choline supplementation of rats decreases body fat and serum leptin concentration as does exercise. The Journal of nutrition. 2000;130(2):152-7.